Library / Biology / Scientific Culture, and Other Essays / Braille
Scientific Culture, and Other Essays ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
410,255 braille cells · 436 embossed pages at 40×25 · 734 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀ ⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠁⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠑⠇⠋⠤⠙⠑⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀ ⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠞⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠓⠕⠝⠑⠎⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠎⠕⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠅⠑⠑⠏⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠝⠙⠀⠥⠝⠃⠊⠁⠎⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙ ⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠇⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀⠙⠑⠛⠗⠑⠑⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠁⠗⠑⠎⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞ ⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠕⠃⠇⠑⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞ ⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠎⠞⠗⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀ ⠁⠇⠇⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠀⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀ ⠊⠞⠀⠥⠝⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠊⠧⠑⠲⠀⠠⠗⠑⠍⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠂⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀ ⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠙⠁⠞⠁⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠥⠝⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀ ⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠞⠑⠂⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠙⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀ ⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠁⠊⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠙⠑⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀ ⠠⠺⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠙⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠀⠠⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀ ⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠙⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠀⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑ ⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠁⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠕⠋⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎ ⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠛⠥⠊⠇⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠥⠝⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠊⠎⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠇⠽ ⠀⠥⠝⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠋⠥⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠲⠀⠠⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠀ ⠎⠞⠥⠙⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠊⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠕⠛⠽⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠑⠀ ⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠊⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀ ⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠍⠑⠝⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠊⠵⠑⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀ ⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠙⠂⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠙⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠀ ⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠍⠑⠝⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠑⠂
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.