Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / The Panama Canal: A history and description of the enterprise / Braille

The Panama Canal: A history and description of the enterprise ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

309,488 braille cells · 323 embossed pages at 40×25 · 981 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠏⠁⠝⠁⠍⠁⠀⠴⠀⠥⠝⠋⠁⠧⠳⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠁⠊⠇⠬⠀⠧⠑⠎⠎⠑⠇⠎⠀
⠕⠝⠀⠁⠉⠉⠳⠝⠞⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠑⠧⠁⠊⠇⠬⠀⠉⠁⠇⠍⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠀⠉⠕⠁⠌⠆⠀
⠞⠀⠭⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠁⠎⠊⠻⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠀⠾⠀⠠⠉⠕⠌⠁⠀⠠⠗⠊⠉⠁⠀
⠯⠀⠠⠝⠊⠉⠜⠁⠛⠥⠁⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠾⠀⠠⠉⠕⠇⠕⠍⠃⠊⠁⠆⠀⠯⠀⠞⠀
⠠⠝⠊⠉⠜⠁⠛⠥⠁⠀⠴⠀⠮⠀⠞⠗⠁⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠠⠁⠍⠻⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠗⠳⠞⠑⠀
⠵⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠜⠫⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠠⠋⠗⠢⠡⠊⠋⠊⠫⠀⠠⠏⠁⠝⠁⠍⠁⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀
⠉⠇⠁⠊⠍⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠠⠙⠜⠊⠢⠀⠗⠳⠞⠑⠀⠶⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀
⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠉⠫⠲⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠴⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠠⠁⠍⠻⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠗⠁⠊⠇⠺⠁⠽⠀⠏⠀⠱⠕⠀⠶⠀⠁⠛⠁⠔⠌⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠂
⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠠⠙⠜⠊⠢⠀⠗⠳⠞⠑⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠓⠀⠊⠝⠧⠕⠇⠧⠫⠀⠁⠀⠗⠕⠉⠅⠀
⠞⠥⠝⠝⠑⠇⠀⠋⠊⠧⠑⠀⠍⠊⠇⠑⠎⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠯⠀⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠓⠥⠝⠙⠗⠫⠀
⠋⠑⠑⠞⠀⠃⠗⠕⠁⠙⠂⠀⠮⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠡⠊⠑⠧⠑⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙
⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠓⠀⠑⠝⠙⠫⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠁⠙⠧⠢⠞⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠮⠀⠊⠌⠓⠍⠥⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠋⠀⠘⠮⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠥⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠑⠍⠻⠛⠫⠀⠮⠀
⠉⠑⠇⠑⠃⠗⠁⠞⠫⠀⠠⠎⠏⠕⠕⠝⠻⠀⠠⠃⠊⠇⠇⠂⠀⠐⠥⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠀
⠠⠏⠁⠝⠁⠍⠁⠀⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠉⠕⠝⠌⠗⠥⠉⠞⠫⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀
⠑⠍⠏⠪⠻⠫⠀⠮⠀⠠⠁⠍⠻⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠛⠕⠧⠻⠝⠍⠢⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠑⠉⠥⠗⠑⠀⠮⠀
⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠎⠀⠯⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠻⠞⠽⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠏⠁⠝⠁⠍⠁⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠀⠿⠀
⠝⠀⠍⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠼⠙⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠆⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠔⠀⠋⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠇⠕⠍⠃⠊⠁⠀⠮⠀⠏⠻⠏⠑⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠇⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀⠌⠗⠊⠏⠀⠷⠀
⠇⠯⠂⠀⠝⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠎⠊⠭⠀⠍⠊⠇⠑⠎⠀⠺⠊⠙⠑⠂⠀⠔⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠀
⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠗⠥⠝⠆⠀⠯⠀⠮⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠫⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠐⠺⠲⠀
⠠⠃⠀⠊⠋⠀⠭⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠞⠻⠍⠎⠀⠾⠀⠠⠉⠕⠇⠕⠍⠃⠊⠁⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠏⠁⠝⠁⠍⠁⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠂⠀⠮⠝⠀⠮⠀⠠⠝⠊⠉⠜⠁⠛⠥⠁⠝⠀⠏⠗⠕⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠴⠀⠞⠕⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.