Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / The Panama Canal: A history and description of the enterprise / Braille

The Panama Canal: A history and description of the enterprise ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

309,488 braille cells · 323 embossed pages at 40×25 · 981 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠉⠊⠧⠊⠇⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠕⠏⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠀⠃⠑⠀⠔
⠀⠮⠀⠞⠗⠕⠏⠊⠉⠎⠂⠀⠵⠀⠮⠽⠀⠶⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠙⠁⠺⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠷⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠄⠎⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠗⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠻⠁⠞⠑⠀⠵⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠵
⠀⠁⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠏⠜⠞⠀⠋⠀⠮⠀⠐⠟⠀⠷⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠑⠁⠎⠑⠂⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠜⠀⠋⠀⠉⠻⠞⠁⠔⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠱⠊⠞⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠉⠀
⠑⠧⠻⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠔⠀⠵⠀⠋⠊⠞⠂⠀⠵⠀⠉⠁⠏⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠷⠀⠃⠕⠙⠊⠇⠽⠀
⠇⠁⠃⠳⠗⠂⠀⠔⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠞⠕⠗⠊⠁⠇⠀⠗⠑⠛⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠵⠀⠔⠀⠦⠀⠝⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑
⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠻⠁⠞⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠀⠦⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠢⠙⠁⠝⠞⠎⠀
⠺⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠍⠁⠔⠞⠁⠔⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠌⠯⠜⠙⠀⠷⠀⠓⠑⠁⠇⠹⠀⠯⠀
⠌⠗⠢⠛⠹⠲⠀⠠⠕⠗⠙⠔⠜⠽⠀⠝⠕⠝⠤⠏⠗⠷⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠕⠏⠔⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠏⠻⠓⠁⠏⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠳⠝⠞⠀⠠⠉⠕⠇⠕⠝⠑⠇⠀⠠⠛⠕⠗⠛⠁⠎⠄⠎⠀
⠿⠑⠉⠁⠌⠀⠵⠀⠁⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠕⠀⠕⠏⠞⠊⠍⠊⠌⠊⠉⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠋⠕⠕⠞⠝⠕⠞⠑⠎⠒⠀⠀⠼⠓⠀⠠⠎⠁⠝⠊⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠠⠊⠌⠓⠍⠥⠎⠲⠀⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠚⠲⠀⠠⠃⠲⠀⠠⠃⠊⠩⠕⠏⠀⠔⠀
⠠⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠝⠻⠄⠎⠀⠠⠍⠕⠝⠹⠇⠽⠂⠀⠠⠋⠑⠃⠗⠥⠜⠽⠀⠼⠁⠊⠁⠉⠲⠀⠀⠼⠊⠀
⠠⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠝⠻⠄⠎⠀⠠⠍⠕⠝⠹⠇⠽⠂⠀⠠⠋⠑⠃⠗⠥⠜⠽⠀⠼⠁⠊⠁⠉⠂⠀⠏⠲⠀
⠼⠃⠙⠓⠲⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠀⠠⠚⠳⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀⠠⠁⠍⠻⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠠⠍⠫⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠠⠁⠎⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠚⠥⠇⠽⠀⠼⠋⠂⠀⠼⠁⠊⠚⠛⠲⠀⠀⠼⠁⠁⠀⠠⠋⠳⠗
⠀⠠⠉⠢⠞⠥⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠏⠁⠝⠁⠍⠁⠀⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠲⠀⠀⠼⠁⠃⠀⠠⠎⠑⠑
⠀⠠⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠝⠻⠄⠎⠀⠠⠍⠁⠛⠁⠵⠔⠑⠂⠀⠠⠋⠑⠃⠗⠥⠜⠽⠀⠼⠁⠊⠁⠉⠂⠀⠏⠲
⠀⠼⠃⠑⠁⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠡⠁⠏⠞⠻⠀⠠⠭⠲⠀⠀⠠⠠⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠠⠠⠁⠞⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀
⠠⠠⠊⠌⠓⠍⠥⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠑⠿⠑⠀⠺⠑⠀⠛⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠀⠮⠀
⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠯⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠍⠑⠹⠕⠙⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠝⠌⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀
⠇⠕⠕⠅⠀⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠎⠕⠗⠞⠀⠷⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠯⠀⠉⠊⠧⠊⠇⠀
⠁⠙⠍⠔⠊⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠏⠗⠑⠧⠁⠊⠇⠫⠀⠎⠔⠉⠑⠀⠮⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.