Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / The Panama Canal: A history and description of the enterprise / Braille

The Panama Canal: A history and description of the enterprise ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

309,488 braille cells · 323 embossed pages at 40×25 · 981 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠉⠢⠞⠥⠗⠽⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠎⠻⠊⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠫
⠀⠞⠀⠍⠁⠇⠜⠊⠁⠀⠊⠎⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠉⠑⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀
⠃⠇⠕⠕⠙⠀⠷⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠎⠍⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠽⠫⠀⠋⠀
⠏⠻⠎⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠻⠎⠕⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠍⠕⠎⠟⠥⠊⠞⠕⠂⠀⠯⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀
⠍⠕⠎⠟⠥⠊⠞⠕⠀⠊⠎⠀⠓⠜⠍⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠥⠝⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠭⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠋⠑⠉⠞⠫⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠛⠻⠍⠀⠃⠽⠀⠃⠊⠞⠬⠀⠁⠀⠏⠻⠎⠕⠝⠀⠱⠕⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠉⠁⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠍⠁⠇⠜⠊⠁⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠷⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠽⠀⠴
⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠩⠪⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠍⠁⠚⠕⠗⠀⠠⠗⠕⠎⠎⠀⠴⠀⠑⠝⠛⠁⠛⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠠⠎⠥⠑⠵⠀⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠍⠁⠇⠜⠊⠁⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠸⠓⠀
⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠍⠇⠽⠀⠑⠌⠁⠃⠇⠊⠩⠫⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠊⠎⠍⠁⠊⠇⠊⠁⠂⠀⠁⠀
⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠞⠪⠝⠀⠷⠀⠼⠁⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠊⠝⠓⠁⠃⠊⠞⠁⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠀
⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠝⠕⠀⠋⠑⠺⠻⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠼⠃⠂⠑⠚⠚⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠎⠀⠸⠓⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀
⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠊⠫⠀⠔⠀⠐⠕⠀⠽⠑⠜⠀⠃⠽⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠏⠕⠏⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠍⠑⠹⠕⠙⠎⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠫⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠝⠑⠺
⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠽⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠫⠀⠎⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠞⠀⠔⠀⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀
⠽⠑⠜⠎⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠎⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠴⠀⠌⠁⠍⠏⠫⠀⠕⠥⠞⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠃⠑⠢⠀⠝⠕⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠏⠎⠑⠀⠑⠧⠻⠀⠎⠔⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎
⠀⠶⠀⠁⠡⠊⠑⠧⠫⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠏⠕⠗⠞⠀⠠⠎⠁⠊⠙⠲⠀⠀⠠⠝⠪⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀
⠍⠁⠇⠜⠊⠁⠀⠊⠎⠀⠹⠥⠎⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠍⠕⠎⠟⠥⠊⠞⠕⠀⠃⠊⠞⠑⠂⠀
⠮⠗⠑⠀⠴⠀⠐⠎⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠊⠕⠗⠊⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠿⠀⠹⠔⠅⠬⠀⠞⠀⠽⠑⠇⠇⠪⠀
⠋⠑⠧⠻⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠍⠊⠞⠞⠫⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠺⠁⠽⠲⠀
⠠⠁⠞⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠮⠀⠊⠝⠎⠑⠉⠞⠀⠴⠀⠁⠛⠁⠔⠀⠇⠁⠊⠙⠀⠐⠥⠀⠁⠀⠧
⠀⠛⠗⠁⠧⠑⠀⠎⠥⠎⠏⠊⠉⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠗⠞⠥⠝⠊⠞⠽⠀⠿⠀⠌⠥⠙⠽⠬
⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠋⠥⠗⠮⠗⠀⠐⠟⠀⠴⠀⠁⠋⠿⠙⠫⠀⠙⠥⠗⠬⠀⠮⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.