Library / Engineering & Technology / The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments / Braille
The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.
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54,555 braille cells · 58 embossed pages at 40×25 · 536 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠠⠛⠻⠍⠁⠝⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠀⠼⠁⠓⠚⠛⠀⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠠⠕⠻⠌⠫⠄⠎⠂ ⠀⠯⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠊⠉⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠾⠀⠎⠕⠇⠢⠕⠊⠙⠎⠀ ⠏⠻⠿⠍⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠁⠗⠁⠛⠕⠀⠯⠀⠠⠁⠍⠏⠻⠑⠀⠔⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠚⠂⠀ ⠠⠉⠥⠍⠍⠬⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀⠍⠢⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠠⠎⠡⠺⠑⠊⠛⠛⠻⠀⠕⠗⠀ ⠠⠏⠕⠛⠛⠢⠙⠕⠗⠋⠂⠀⠯⠀⠝⠑⠧⠻⠀⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠮⠀⠘⠺⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠻⠲⠀ ⠠⠭⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠂⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠀⠦⠀⠐⠺⠀⠴⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠀ ⠾⠳⠞⠀⠅⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠛⠻⠍⠁⠝⠀⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀ ⠊⠝⠧⠢⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠕⠗⠊⠛⠔⠁⠇⠀⠠⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠊⠉ ⠀⠠⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠻⠎⠀⠀⠀⠠⠷⠀⠮⠀⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠎⠑⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀ ⠊⠝⠌⠗⠥⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠂⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀ ⠠⠎⠡⠺⠑⠊⠛⠛⠻⠂⠀⠠⠏⠕⠛⠛⠢⠙⠕⠗⠋⠀⠯⠀⠠⠉⠥⠍⠍⠬⠂⠀⠘⠹⠀⠷⠀ ⠠⠎⠡⠺⠑⠊⠛⠛⠻⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠮⠀⠍⠕⠌⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠢⠞⠜⠽⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠇⠑⠁⠌⠀ ⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠌⠊⠉⠀⠋⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠕⠔⠞⠀⠷⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀ ⠍⠁⠅⠑⠎⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠑⠋⠿⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠌⠊⠛⠁⠞⠑⠀⠮⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞ ⠀⠷⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠛⠝⠀⠏⠜⠁⠍⠑⠞⠻⠎⠂⠀⠃⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠎⠀⠐⠎⠀⠕⠙⠙ ⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠀⠊⠝⠧⠕⠇⠧⠑⠀ ⠥⠝⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠧⠜⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠃⠁⠎⠊⠉⠀ ⠏⠗⠔⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠪⠬⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠋⠀⠦⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀ ⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠏⠁⠏⠻⠎⠼⠁⠉⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠔⠀⠮⠀⠍⠁⠚⠕⠗⠀⠗⠑⠋⠻⠢⠉⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕ ⠀⠦⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠉⠕⠝⠌⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠯⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠷⠀⠦⠀ ⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠻⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠏⠁⠏⠻⠀⠠⠠⠗⠑⠁⠙⠀⠠⠠⠔⠀⠠⠠⠓⠁⠇⠇⠑⠂⠀ ⠠⠠⠎⠑⠏⠞⠑⠍⠃⠻⠀⠼⠁⠋⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠀⠁⠀⠏⠪⠻⠋⠥⠇⠀ ⠧⠕⠇⠞⠁⠊⠉⠀⠏⠊⠇⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠫⠀⠿⠀⠘⠮⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀ ⠶⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠕⠻⠌⠫⠶⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠗⠍⠫⠀⠔⠀⠍⠽⠀⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠎ ⠀⠇⠑⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠎⠂⠀⠥⠎⠬⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠊⠇⠑⠀⠞⠀⠴⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.