Library / Engineering & Technology / The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments / Braille
The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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63,666 braille cells · 69 embossed pages at 40×25 · 536 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠞⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠎⠉⠓⠺⠑⠊⠛⠛⠑⠗⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠎⠕⠏⠓⠊⠎⠞⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠊⠎ ⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠊⠋⠊⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠀⠼⠛⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀ ⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠛⠝⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠕⠑⠗⠎⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠼⠁⠓⠃⠉⠂⠃⠚⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠽⠎⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀ ⠍⠊⠝⠕⠗⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠍⠲⠀ ⠠⠎⠉⠓⠺⠑⠊⠛⠛⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠕⠝⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠀⠼⠛⠀ ⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠼⠉⠂⠀⠼⠙⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠼⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠀ ⠎⠑⠑⠍⠎⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠇⠽⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠕⠥⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀ ⠋⠁⠊⠗⠀⠎⠓⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠗⠗⠕⠝⠑⠕⠥⠎⠀⠗⠑⠏⠕⠗⠞⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠍⠊⠎⠇⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠇⠥⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠋⠊⠝⠑⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑ ⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠀⠼⠓⠂⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀ ⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠞⠑⠝⠀⠟⠥⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠗⠑⠏⠕⠗⠞ ⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠊⠎⠓⠀⠕⠝⠀⠠⠏⠕⠛⠛⠑⠝⠙⠕⠗⠋⠄⠎⠀ ⠠⠛⠁⠇⠧⠁⠝⠕⠤⠠⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠊⠉⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠙⠑⠝⠎⠑⠗⠲⠼⠉⠁⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠎⠅⠑⠞⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠙⠊⠞⠕⠗⠄⠎⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠏⠗⠑⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋ ⠀⠁⠀⠧⠑⠗⠃⠁⠇⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀ ⠧⠊⠎⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠙⠁⠝⠊⠎⠓⠀⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠎⠞⠀⠺⠓⠕⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠥⠗⠝⠂⠀ ⠓⠁⠙⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗ ⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠠⠕⠑⠗⠎⠞⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠝⠉⠕⠗⠏⠕⠗⠁⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀ ⠋⠁⠊⠞⠓⠋⠥⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠁⠀⠎⠏⠊⠗⠁⠇⠀ ⠺⠊⠗⠑⠀⠲⠲⠲⠀⠑⠎⠞⠁⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠧⠑⠗⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀ ⠝⠑⠑⠙⠇⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠊⠗⠁⠇⠂⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠃⠽ ⠀⠍⠊⠎⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠭⠊⠁⠇⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.