Library / Engineering & Technology / The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments / Braille
The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
63,666 braille cells · 69 embossed pages at 40×25 · 536 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠠⠛⠑⠗⠍⠁⠝⠀⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠠⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠊⠉⠀⠠⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠑⠗⠎⠀ ⠠⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠎⠑⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠂⠀ ⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠎⠉⠓⠺⠑⠊⠛⠛⠑⠗⠂⠀ ⠠⠏⠕⠛⠛⠑⠝⠙⠕⠗⠋⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠉⠥⠍⠍⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠠⠎⠉⠓⠺⠑⠊⠛⠛⠑⠗⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠗⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙ ⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠎⠞⠊⠉⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀ ⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠎⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠑⠋⠋⠕⠗⠞⠀ ⠞⠕⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠎⠞⠊⠛⠁⠞⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠛⠝⠀ ⠏⠁⠗⠁⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠕⠙⠙⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠝⠧⠕⠇⠧⠑⠀ ⠥⠝⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠧⠁⠗⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠎⠊⠉⠀ ⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀ ⠓⠊⠎⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠎⠼⠁⠉⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠍⠁⠚⠕⠗⠀⠗⠑⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠑⠗⠲ ⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠀⠠⠠⠗⠑⠁⠙⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠠⠓⠁⠇⠇⠑⠂⠀ ⠠⠠⠎⠑⠏⠞⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠼⠁⠋⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀ ⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠋⠥⠇⠀⠧⠕⠇⠞⠁⠊⠉⠀⠏⠊⠇⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠶⠕⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠕⠑⠗⠎⠞⠑⠙⠶⠀⠠⠊⠀ ⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠽⠀⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠎⠀⠇⠑⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠎⠂⠀ ⠥⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠊⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠀ ⠎⠞⠗⠕⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠑⠁⠎⠊⠇⠽⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀⠏⠕⠞⠁⠎⠎⠊⠥⠍ ⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠙⠀⠙⠁⠽⠀ ⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠃⠥⠊⠇⠞⠲⠀⠠⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.