Library / Philosophy / The origin of the family, private property, and the state / Braille
The origin of the family, private property, and the state ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
331,934 braille cells · 350 embossed pages at 40×25 · 690 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠔⠎⠀⠮⠀⠛⠻⠍⠀⠝⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠷⠀⠎⠇⠁⠧⠻⠽⠀⠶⠎⠻⠧⠊⠞⠥⠎⠶⠂ ⠀⠃⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠀⠷⠀⠎⠻⠋⠙⠕⠍⠂⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠭⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠋⠀⠮⠀⠌⠜⠞ ⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠛⠗⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀⠀⠎⠻⠧⠊⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀ ⠉⠕⠍⠏⠗⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀⠔⠀⠍⠔⠊⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠘⠹⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠌⠎⠀⠞⠀ ⠇⠁⠞⠻⠀⠕⠝⠀⠀⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠀⠍⠀⠃⠗⠕⠁⠙⠇⠽⠀⠔⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠑⠞⠽⠀⠯⠀⠮ ⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠥⠡⠀⠁⠀⠿⠍⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠽⠀⠩⠪⠎⠀⠮⠀ ⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠋⠀⠮⠀⠏⠁⠊⠗⠬⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠽⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠍⠕⠝⠕⠛⠁⠍⠽⠲⠀⠠⠔⠀⠕⠗⠙⠻⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠑⠉⠥⠗⠑⠀⠮⠀ ⠋⠁⠊⠹⠋⠥⠇⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠺⠊⠋⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠓⠢⠉⠑⠀⠀⠮⠀ ⠗⠑⠇⠊⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠷⠀⠏⠁⠞⠻⠝⠁⠇⠀⠇⠔⠑⠁⠛⠑⠂⠀⠮⠀⠺⠕⠍⠢⠀⠁⠗⠑ ⠀⠙⠑⠇⠊⠧⠻⠫⠀⠁⠃⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠏⠪⠻⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠍⠢⠆⠀ ⠔⠀⠅⠊⠇⠇⠬⠀⠦⠀⠺⠊⠋⠑⠂⠀⠮⠀⠓⠥⠎⠃⠯⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠽⠀⠀⠑⠭⠻⠉⠊⠎⠑⠎ ⠀⠦⠀⠐⠗⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠾⠀⠮⠀⠏⠁⠞⠗⠊⠜⠡⠁⠇⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠽⠀⠺⠑⠀⠑⠝⠞⠻⠀ ⠮⠀⠙⠕⠍⠁⠔⠀⠷⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠢⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠁⠀⠀⠋⠊⠑⠇⠙⠀⠔⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀ ⠉⠕⠍⠏⠜⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠇⠁⠺⠀⠉⠀⠗⠢⠙⠻⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠻⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀ ⠁⠎⠎⠊⠌⠁⠝⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠯⠀⠀⠐⠓⠀⠭⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠗⠳⠛⠓⠞⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠻⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠊⠝⠙⠑⠫⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠕⠺⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠠⠍⠁⠭⠊⠍⠀⠀⠠⠅⠕⠧⠁⠇⠑⠧⠎⠅⠽⠀⠶⠠⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠁⠥⠀⠑⠞⠉⠲⠀⠙⠑⠀⠇⠁ ⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠇⠑⠀⠑⠞⠀⠙⠑⠀⠇⠁⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠗⠊⠞⠂⠀⠠⠌⠕⠉⠅⠓⠕⠇⠍⠂⠀⠀ ⠼⠁⠓⠊⠚⠂⠀⠏⠲⠀⠼⠋⠚⠤⠁⠚⠚⠶⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠕⠷⠂⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠏⠁⠞⠗⠊⠜⠡⠁⠇ ⠀⠓⠳⠎⠑⠓⠕⠇⠙⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠝⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠙⠁⠽⠀ ⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠠⠎⠻⠃⠊⠁⠝⠎⠀⠯⠀⠠⠃⠥⠇⠛⠜⠊⠁⠝⠎⠀⠐⠥⠀⠮⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠎⠀⠷ ⠀⠀⠠⠵⠙⠗⠥⠛⠁⠀⠶⠋⠗⠊⠢⠙⠇⠽⠀⠃⠕⠝⠙⠶⠀⠯⠀⠠⠃⠗⠁⠞⠌⠧⠕⠀ ⠶⠋⠗⠁⠞⠻⠝⠊⠞⠽⠶⠂⠀⠯⠀⠔⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠙⠊⠋⠊⠫⠀⠀⠿⠍⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀ ⠕⠗⠊⠢⠞⠁⠇⠀⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠿⠍⠫⠀⠮⠀⠌⠁⠛⠑⠀⠷⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.