Library / Philosophy / The origin of the family, private property, and the state / Braille
The origin of the family, private property, and the state ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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401,382 braille cells · 426 embossed pages at 40×25 · 690 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠍⠕⠝⠅⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠝⠥⠝⠎⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠤⠍⠁⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠍⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠊⠎⠓⠀⠀⠏⠗⠕⠋⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠉⠇⠥⠃⠎⠀ ⠊⠝⠀⠎⠕⠇⠑⠍⠝⠀⠎⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠃⠗⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠎⠊⠎⠞⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠂⠀⠀⠠⠍⠉⠠⠇⠑⠝⠝⠁⠝⠄⠎⠀⠙⠑⠋⠑⠝⠎⠑ ⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠑⠍⠑⠇⠽⠀⠺⠑⠁⠅⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠕⠝⠑⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇ ⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠉⠅⠑⠙⠲⠀ ⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠑⠭⠕⠛⠁⠍⠕⠥⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠑⠝⠙⠕⠛⠁⠍⠕⠥⠎⠀⠞⠗⠊⠃⠑⠎⠂⠀⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀ ⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠑⠙⠂⠀⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠇⠑⠋⠞⠀ ⠥⠝⠉⠓⠁⠇⠇⠑⠝⠛⠑⠙⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀ ⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠏⠊⠧⠕⠞⠁⠇⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠽⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀ ⠁⠙⠍⠊⠞⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠀⠠⠍⠉⠠⠇⠑⠝⠝⠁⠝⠄⠎⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠑⠭⠏⠇⠁⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠎⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠎⠥⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀ ⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠙⠊⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀ ⠑⠝⠥⠍⠑⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠎⠞ ⠀⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀ ⠙⠊⠁⠍⠑⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠊⠝⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠃⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠑⠀⠛⠗⠕⠥⠏⠎⠂⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋ ⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠍⠁⠗⠗⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠍⠑⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀ ⠛⠗⠕⠥⠏⠂⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠎⠞⠗⠊⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠃⠊⠙⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠓⠁⠃⠊⠞⠂⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠗⠗⠑⠋⠥⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠀ ⠛⠕⠎⠏⠑⠇⠲⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠗⠑⠀⠑⠲⠀⠛⠲⠀⠠⠛⠊⠗⠁⠥⠙⠤⠠⠞⠑⠥⠇⠕⠝⠄⠎ ⠀⠠⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠙⠑⠀⠇⠁⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠇⠑⠀⠶⠼⠁⠓⠛⠙⠶⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠠⠇⠥⠃⠃⠕⠉⠅⠄⠎⠀⠠⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠉⠊⠧⠊⠇⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝
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