Library / Philosophy / Essays on the Materialistic Conception of History / Braille
Essays on the Materialistic Conception of History ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
361,506 braille cells · 386 embossed pages at 40×25 · 253 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠀⠃⠽⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠊⠍⠏⠥⠇⠎⠑⠀⠝⠕⠗⠀⠃⠽⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠲ ⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠑⠇⠁⠃⠕⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀ ⠉⠗⠊⠞⠊⠉⠊⠎⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠉⠕⠝⠕⠍⠊⠉⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀ ⠓⠁⠙⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠕⠕⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠊⠉⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠇⠑⠞⠁⠗⠊⠁⠝⠀ ⠍⠕⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠓⠁⠝⠝⠑⠇⠂⠀ ⠊⠝⠀⠠⠋⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀ ⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠍⠁⠝⠊⠋⠑⠎⠞⠕⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠁⠍⠍⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠊⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠠⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠝⠊⠎⠞⠀⠠⠇⠑⠁⠛⠥⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗ ⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠇⠕⠝⠙⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠝⠥⠍⠑⠗⠕⠥⠎⠀⠃⠗⠁⠝⠉⠓⠑⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑ ⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠑⠝⠞⠆⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠃⠑⠓⠊⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠑⠇⠎⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀ ⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠉⠗⠊⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠑⠎⠎⠁⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠕⠝⠑⠤⠎⠊⠙⠑⠙⠀⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠓⠑⠀⠃⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗ ⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠋⠁⠎⠓⠊⠕⠝⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠗⠊⠞⠊⠉⠊⠎⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠕⠇⠊⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠑⠉⠕⠝⠕⠍⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠝⠞⠊⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠓⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠁⠞⠁⠀ ⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠏⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠑⠉⠕⠝⠕⠍⠽⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠉⠑⠇⠑⠃⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀ ⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠊⠎⠓⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠍⠕⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.