Library / Biology / A Brief History of Element Discovery, Synthesis, and Analysis / Braille
A Brief History of Element Discovery, Synthesis, and Analysis ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
34,116 braille cells · 34 embossed pages at 40×25 · 452 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠼⠓⠛⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠃⠲⠀⠠⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠊⠉ ⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠶⠼⠁⠊⠋⠉⠶⠀⠀⠠⠺⠕⠗⠅⠑⠗⠎ ⠀⠥⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠗⠁⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠞⠑⠉⠓⠝⠊⠟⠥⠑⠎ ⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠑⠁⠗⠉⠓⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠂ ⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠑⠋⠋⠕⠗⠞⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠑⠙⠕⠕⠍⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠋⠁⠊⠇⠥⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠝⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠥⠉⠇⠑⠊⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠊⠎⠕⠞⠕⠏⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠼⠙⠉⠂⠀⠼⠋⠁⠂⠀⠼⠓⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠼⠓⠛⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠆⠀⠓⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀ ⠟⠥⠁⠝⠞⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠙⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠞⠑⠉⠓⠝⠊⠟⠥⠑⠎⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠑⠙⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠺⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠺⠑⠀ ⠓⠁⠙⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠊⠁⠊⠂⠀ ⠠⠗⠥⠞⠓⠑⠗⠋⠕⠗⠙⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀ ⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠑⠧⠁⠇⠀⠁⠇⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠎⠞⠎⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠋⠁⠊⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠙⠕⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠍⠁⠛⠊⠉⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎ ⠀⠎⠕⠏⠓⠊⠎⠞⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠑⠉⠓⠝⠊⠟⠥⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠝⠄⠞⠀ ⠛⠕⠇⠙⠀⠶⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠕⠁⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠇⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠎⠞⠎⠶⠀⠓⠑⠀ ⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀ ⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠏⠕⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠑⠧⠊⠇⠒⠀⠁⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠍⠥⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀ ⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠃⠕⠍⠃⠁⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠝⠊⠞⠗⠕⠛⠑⠝⠀⠝⠥⠉⠇⠑⠊⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠇⠏⠓⠁⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠎⠀ ⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠗⠁⠙⠊⠥⠍⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠝⠊⠞⠗⠕⠛⠑⠝⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀ ⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠕⠭⠽⠛⠑⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀ ⠗⠁⠙⠊⠕⠁⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠍⠥⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.