Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / The beginnings of cheap steel / Braille

The beginnings of cheap steel ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

95,245 braille cells · 101 embossed pages at 40×25 · 912 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠺⠊⠇⠇⠊⠝⠛⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠃⠍⠊⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠥⠗⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠁⠺⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠠⠍⠥⠎⠓⠑⠞⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠉⠉⠑⠏⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠓⠁⠇⠇⠑⠝⠛⠑⠲⠼⠓⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠓⠊⠀⠠⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠉⠎⠄⠀
⠠⠍⠁⠛⠁⠵⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠋⠋⠂⠀⠧⠕⠇⠲⠀⠼⠁⠋⠂⠀⠏⠲⠀⠼⠁⠙⠛⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠍⠕⠝⠞⠓⠎⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠙⠑⠉⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠼⠁⠓⠋⠋⠂
⠀⠠⠍⠥⠎⠓⠑⠞⠄⠎⠀⠙⠁⠥⠛⠓⠞⠑⠗⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠠⠃⠑⠎⠎⠑⠍⠑⠗⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠎⠅⠑⠙⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠓⠑⠇⠏⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠑⠧⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠎⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠓⠕⠍⠑⠒⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠞⠑⠇⠇⠀⠍⠑⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠍⠽⠀
⠋⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠄⠎⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠙⠑⠃⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠓⠊⠍⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠽⠕⠥⠗⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀⠠⠃⠑⠎⠎⠑⠍⠑⠗⠀⠗⠑⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀
⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠽⠕⠥⠗⠀⠋⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠇⠁⠊⠍⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠊⠋⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠑⠛⠁⠇⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀
⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠎⠞⠕⠏⠀⠍⠽⠀
⠃⠥⠎⠊⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠝⠚⠥⠝⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠍⠕⠗⠗⠕⠺⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠛⠑⠞⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠎⠁⠝⠙⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠕⠥⠝⠙⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠑⠝⠎⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠍⠽⠀⠊⠝⠋⠗⠊⠝⠛⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠓⠊⠎⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠽⠕⠥⠗⠀⠋⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠥⠞
⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠍⠑⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠠⠊⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀
⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠠⠊⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠁⠧⠁⠊⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠽⠎⠑⠇⠋⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠙⠀⠍⠑⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀
⠎⠑⠗⠧⠊⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.