Library / Education / Leading Articles on Various Subjects / Braille
Leading Articles on Various Subjects ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
866,814 braille cells · 920 embossed pages at 40×25 · 509 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠎⠏⠕⠊⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠂⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠋⠥⠇⠀ ⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠕⠞⠉⠓⠂⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠉⠓⠊⠇⠙⠗⠑⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀ ⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠗⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀ ⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠑⠗⠓⠁⠏⠎⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀ ⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠇⠊⠛⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀ ⠞⠑⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠝⠊⠎⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠀ ⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠗⠑⠇⠊⠛⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠞⠑⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠉⠓⠕⠕⠇⠍⠁⠎⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠞⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠑⠙⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠎⠞⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠁⠀⠎⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞ ⠀⠍⠕⠙⠊⠉⠥⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠑⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠋⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀ ⠺⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠲⠀ ⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑ ⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠇⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠑⠝⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠕⠀ ⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠁⠉⠟⠥⠁⠊⠝⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠛⠕⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠕⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀ ⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠎⠉⠓⠑⠍⠑⠂⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠎⠉⠁⠇⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠇⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀ ⠉⠕⠤⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠋⠗⠑⠑⠀⠠⠉⠓⠥⠗⠉⠓⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀ ⠊⠋⠂⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠉⠓⠥⠗⠉⠓⠤⠤⠁⠇⠇⠤⠏⠕⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠑⠗ ⠀⠎⠏⠊⠗⠊⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠤⠤⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀ ⠉⠕⠍⠏⠑⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠏⠑⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠗⠑⠏⠁⠝⠉⠽⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠉⠓⠑⠍⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠋⠑⠑⠇⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.