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Leading Articles on Various Subjects ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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866,814 braille cells · 920 embossed pages at 40×25 · 509 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠉⠊⠙⠑⠀ ⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠠⠏⠁⠎⠉⠁⠇ ⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠎⠀⠊⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠉⠓⠕⠕⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠕⠗⠃⠕⠝⠝⠑⠀ ⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠕⠥⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠊⠝⠟⠥⠊⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀ ⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠃⠁⠋⠋⠇⠑⠙⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠵⠑⠁⠇⠕⠥⠎⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝⠀ ⠠⠉⠁⠞⠓⠕⠇⠊⠉⠎⠀⠓⠑⠁⠗⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠊⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠧⠑⠗⠙⠊⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠉⠊⠇⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠁⠊⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠁⠉⠟⠥⠊⠑⠎⠉⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠚⠥⠙⠛⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠠⠏⠕⠏⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠗⠑⠍⠊⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠕⠋⠞⠑⠝⠑⠗⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠊⠝⠛⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠧⠑⠗⠎⠽⠂⠀ ⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠥⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀ ⠁⠗⠊⠎⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠉⠓⠥⠗⠉⠓⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠞⠎⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠑⠍⠃⠕⠙⠊⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠉⠓⠁⠇⠍⠑⠗⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠏⠕⠎⠞⠓⠥⠍⠕⠥⠎⠀⠙⠕⠉⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠠⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀ ⠙⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠑⠙⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠕⠇⠙⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠑⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠧⠑⠗⠎⠽⠲⠀⠠⠁⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠎ ⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠕⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠥⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀ ⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠗⠊⠎⠑⠝⠆⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠓⠑⠇⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞ ⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠗⠕⠕⠍⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀ ⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠠⠉⠓⠁⠇⠍⠑⠗⠎⠂⠤⠤⠁⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕ ⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠃⠗⠕⠁⠙⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠎⠂⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑ ⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠺⠊⠇⠇⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠇⠽⠀⠙⠊⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠇⠁⠉⠅⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.