Library / Philosophy / Criticisms on "The Origin of Species" / Braille
Criticisms on "The Origin of Species" ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
39,952 braille cells · 43 embossed pages at 40×25 · 144 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠀⠃⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠺⠁⠗⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠓⠥⠭⠇⠑⠽⠂⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠺⠊⠎⠑⠀⠁ ⠀⠺⠁⠗⠍⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠗⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠙⠁⠗⠺⠊⠝⠄⠎⠀⠓⠽⠏⠕⠞⠓⠑⠎⠊⠎⠂ ⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠝⠕⠀⠧⠁⠗⠊⠑⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀ ⠎⠞⠑⠗⠊⠇⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠥⠇⠑ ⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠎⠓⠁⠗⠏⠇⠽⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠥⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠀ ⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠠⠙⠁⠗⠺⠊⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑ ⠀⠙⠑⠍⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙ ⠀⠃⠽⠀⠎⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠂⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀ ⠎⠓⠁⠗⠏⠇⠽⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠥⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠂⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀ ⠊⠝⠋⠑⠗⠞⠊⠇⠑⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠉⠕⠥⠏⠇⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀ ⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠲⠀⠀ ⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀ ⠕⠃⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠊⠛⠝⠕⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠑⠗⠞⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠞⠑⠗⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀ ⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠎⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀ ⠕⠋⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠁⠝⠕⠍⠁⠇⠊⠑⠎⠀ ⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠤⠋⠑⠗⠞⠊⠇⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀ ⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠁⠇⠇⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠙⠁⠗⠺⠊⠝⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠥⠗⠛⠑⠙⠂⠀ ⠃⠑⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠲ ⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠝⠞⠓⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑ ⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠥⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠶⠄⠎⠥⠏⠗⠁⠄⠂⠀⠏⠲⠀⠼⠁⠛⠓⠶⠲⠀⠀ ⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀ ⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠎⠒⠤⠤⠀⠀⠼⠓⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.