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Pioneers of Science ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

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554,755 braille cells · 579 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,709 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠊⠝⠞⠢⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠗⠑⠍⠑⠍⠃⠻⠂⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠕⠧⠻⠂⠀⠞⠀
⠦⠀⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠔⠑⠎⠀⠶⠀⠎⠉⠊⠢⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠓⠑⠞⠻⠕⠙⠕⠭⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮
⠀⠠⠥⠝⠊⠧⠻⠎⠊⠞⠽⠀⠠⠏⠗⠷⠑⠎⠎⠕⠗⠎⠀⠷⠀⠞⠀⠙⠁⠽⠀⠶⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠟⠀⠵⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠑⠍⠝⠀⠮⠍⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀
⠠⠡⠥⠗⠡⠀⠴⠲⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠎⠑⠀⠮⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀
⠹⠔⠅⠀⠷⠀⠐⠎⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠞⠕⠤⠙⠁⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠎⠉⠊⠢⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠓⠑⠞⠻⠕⠙⠕⠭⠂⠀⠯⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠉⠥⠌⠕⠍⠜⠽⠀
⠁⠞⠞⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠀⠁⠙⠕⠏⠞⠫⠀⠞⠪⠜⠙⠎⠀⠮⠍⠀⠃⠽⠀⠏⠻⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠺⠊⠙⠑⠇⠽⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠬⠀⠉⠗⠑⠫⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠭⠀⠃⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠢⠙⠫⠀
⠝⠪⠂⠀⠵⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠑⠉⠉⠇⠑⠎⠊⠁⠌⠊⠉⠎⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠫⠀
⠠⠛⠁⠇⠊⠇⠑⠕⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠞⠀⠭⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠇⠽⠒⠀⠮⠽⠀
⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠫⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠵⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠵⠀⠮⠽⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠽⠀⠉⠳⠇⠙⠲⠀
⠠⠮⠽⠀⠕⠧⠻⠉⠁⠍⠑⠀⠓⠊⠍⠂⠀⠯⠀⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠉⠁⠝⠞⠫⠆⠀⠃⠀⠊⠋⠀⠓⠑⠀
⠸⠓⠀⠝⠀⠗⠑⠉⠁⠝⠞⠫⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠓⠑⠀⠸⠓⠀⠏⠻⠎⠊⠌⠫⠀⠔⠀⠦⠀⠓⠻⠑⠎⠽⠂
⠀⠮⠽⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠤⠤⠺⠑⠇⠇⠂⠀⠮⠽⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠌⠊⠇⠇⠀⠓⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠫⠀⠦⠀
⠎⠳⠇⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠂⠀⠃⠀⠮⠽⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠓⠀⠎⠑⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠦⠀
⠃⠕⠙⠽⠲⠀⠠⠸⠮⠀⠍⠊⠌⠁⠅⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠌⠫⠀⠝⠀⠔⠀⠉⠗⠥⠑⠇⠞⠽⠂⠀⠃⠀
⠔⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠬⠀⠮⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠮⠀⠁⠗⠃⠊⠞⠻⠎⠀⠷⠀⠑⠞⠻⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠞⠗⠥⠹⠆⠀⠯⠀⠃⠽⠀⠝⠕⠀⠁⠍⠳⠝⠞⠀⠷⠀⠎⠇⠥⠗⠗⠬⠀⠯⠀⠛⠇⠕⠎⠎⠬⠀
⠕⠧⠻⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠉⠀⠮⠽⠀⠑⠧⠁⠙⠑⠀⠮⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠕⠝⠎⠊⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀
⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠍⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠉⠉⠳⠝⠞⠀⠷⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠍⠊⠌⠁⠅⠢⠀
⠁⠞⠞⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠀⠁⠍⠀⠝⠀⠐⠓⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠉⠅⠬⠀⠮⠀⠙⠕⠛⠍⠁⠀⠷⠀
⠠⠏⠁⠏⠁⠇⠀⠠⠊⠝⠋⠁⠇⠇⠊⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠒⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠂
⠀⠠⠊⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠧⠑⠂⠀⠟⠀⠥⠝⠁⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠧⠻⠎⠽
⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠬⠀⠮⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠑⠜⠹⠂⠀⠝⠕⠀⠠⠏⠁⠏⠁⠇⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.