Library / Physics / Pioneers of Science / Braille
Pioneers of Science ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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667,740 braille cells · 703 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,709 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠁⠇⠇⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠝⠕⠥⠝⠉⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠝ ⠀⠼⠁⠋⠁⠓⠒⠤⠤⠀⠀⠠⠠⠇⠁⠺⠀⠠⠠⠊⠊⠊⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠟⠥⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠧⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠶⠕⠗⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠶⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓ ⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠑⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠥⠃⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠊⠞⠎⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠃⠕⠕⠅⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠇⠁⠺⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀ ⠶⠠⠕⠝⠀⠠⠉⠑⠇⠑⠎⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠠⠓⠁⠗⠍⠕⠝⠊⠑⠎⠶⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀ ⠙⠑⠙⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠚⠁⠍⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠁⠝⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀ ⠼⠁⠋⠃⠚⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠧⠑⠝⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠞⠑⠉⠞⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀ ⠍⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠗⠞⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀ ⠺⠊⠞⠉⠓⠉⠗⠁⠋⠞⠲⠀⠠⠁⠉⠉⠑⠏⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠕⠋⠑⠎⠎⠕⠗⠎⠓⠊⠏⠀⠁⠞ ⠀⠠⠇⠊⠝⠵⠲⠀⠠⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠗⠥⠙⠕⠇⠏⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀ ⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠋⠃⠛⠂⠀⠑⠍⠃⠕⠙⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠞⠽⠉⠓⠕⠄⠎⠀ ⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠽⠲⠀⠠⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠁ ⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠑⠋⠋⠕⠗⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠕⠧⠑⠗⠞⠽⠀⠃⠽⠀ ⠛⠑⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠗⠗⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠁⠇⠁⠗⠽⠀⠏⠁⠊⠙⠀ ⠁⠞⠀⠠⠏⠗⠁⠛⠥⠑⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠥⠝⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠋⠥⠇⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠗⠁⠊⠝⠀⠋⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠚⠕⠥⠗⠝⠑⠽⠂⠀ ⠙⠊⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠝⠕⠧⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠂⠀⠼⠁⠋⠉⠚⠂⠀⠁⠛⠑⠙⠀⠼⠑⠊⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀ ⠍⠁⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠅⠑⠑⠝⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠊⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠊⠝⠙⠕⠍⠊⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀ ⠏⠑⠗⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠥⠝⠉⠕⠍⠏⠗⠕⠍⠊⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠇⠕⠧⠑⠀⠕⠋ ⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠂⠀⠠⠅⠑⠏⠇⠑⠗⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠉⠁⠍⠑⠀⠊⠇⠇⠤⠓⠑⠁⠇⠞⠓⠂⠀ ⠏⠕⠧⠑⠗⠞⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠊⠎⠋⠕⠗⠞⠥⠝⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠙⠀ ⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠎⠞⠀⠗⠁⠝⠅⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠍⠑⠝⠲⠀⠠⠓⠊⠎⠀⠇⠁⠺⠎⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀
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