Library / Physics / Pioneers of Science / Braille
Pioneers of Science ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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667,740 braille cells · 703 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,705 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠇⠽⠀⠃⠁⠎⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕ ⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠀⠺⠗⠕⠝⠛⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠙⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠧⠊⠵⠀⠞⠓⠑ ⠀⠊⠝⠞⠗⠕⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠕⠝⠚⠑⠉⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠂⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀ ⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠎⠞⠊⠛⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠠⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀ ⠎⠞⠥⠙⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠍⠊⠝⠙⠎⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛ ⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠂⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀ ⠎⠞⠥⠙⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠓⠑⠝⠕⠍⠑⠝⠁⠲ ⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠗⠕⠝⠛⠀⠶⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠃⠽⠀⠝⠕⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠂⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑ ⠀⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠂⠀⠁⠃⠎⠥⠗⠙⠶⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀ ⠏⠥⠗⠎⠥⠑⠙⠀⠑⠭⠉⠇⠥⠎⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠂⠀⠑⠇⠎⠑⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀ ⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠇⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠎⠀⠍⠁⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀ ⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀ ⠎⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀ ⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠁⠇⠎⠑⠓⠕⠕⠙⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠑⠭⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀ ⠺⠕⠧⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀ ⠓⠕⠏⠑⠇⠑⠎⠎⠇⠽⠀⠓⠊⠙⠙⠑⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠋⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀ ⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠉⠗⠊⠞⠑⠗⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕ ⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠥⠊⠎⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠇⠎⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠲⠀⠀ ⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠁⠲⠤⠤⠰⠠⠁⠗⠉⠓⠊⠍⠑⠙⠑⠎⠲ ⠀⠀⠠⠃⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀ ⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠇⠕⠎⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠂⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠁⠇⠑⠭⠁⠝⠙⠗⠊⠁⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀ ⠋⠊⠗⠑⠤⠤⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠊⠛⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠠⠍⠕⠓⠁⠍⠍⠑⠙⠁⠝⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.