Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / Are the Effects of Use and Disuse Inherited? / Braille

Are the Effects of Use and Disuse Inherited? ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

162,217 braille cells · 173 embossed pages at 40×25 · 745 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠎⠕⠀⠅⠑⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠎⠁⠧⠁⠛⠑⠀⠗⠁⠉⠑⠎⠦⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠤⠠⠠⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠠⠺⠁⠞⠉⠓⠍⠁⠅⠑⠗⠎⠀⠠⠠⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠠⠠⠑⠝⠛⠗⠁⠧⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠙⠁⠗⠺⠊⠝⠀⠝⠕⠞⠊⠉⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠺⠁⠞⠉⠓⠍⠁⠅⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠝⠛⠗⠁⠧⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠇⠊⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠤⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠤⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠤⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠇⠽⠀⠞⠑⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠓⠑⠗⠊⠞⠑⠙⠲⠼⠙⠛⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠋⠥⠇⠀
⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠎⠥⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠗⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠀⠓⠑⠗⠑⠙⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠀⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠊⠇⠽⠀⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠓⠑⠗⠑⠙⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠤⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠤⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠲⠀⠠⠑⠇⠎⠑⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀
⠠⠙⠁⠗⠺⠊⠝⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠙⠑⠉⠊⠎⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠛⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠍⠁⠽⠀⠕⠋⠞⠑⠝⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠥⠁⠇⠀⠁⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠝⠉⠑⠤⠋⠕⠗⠺⠁⠗⠙⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠍⠊⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠲⠼⠙⠓⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠁⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠶⠼⠁⠶⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠓⠑⠗⠑⠙⠊⠞⠽⠤⠤⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠞⠗⠁⠇⠀⠇⠊⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠑⠭⠉⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠋⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠕⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠁⠗⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀
⠓⠁⠃⠊⠞⠎⠂⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠎⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠉⠇⠕⠎⠑⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠺⠁⠞⠉⠓⠍⠁⠅⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠑⠝⠛⠗⠁⠧⠑⠗⠎⠤⠤⠕⠗⠀⠃⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠊⠞⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠊⠕⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠊⠝⠙⠕⠕⠗⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠂⠀⠉⠲⠂⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.