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Library / Biochemistry / Old-Time Makers of Medicine / Braille

Old-Time Makers of Medicine ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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772,363 braille cells · 821 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,669 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠙⠑⠧⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠗⠛⠑⠗⠽⠂
⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠕⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠋⠗⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠇⠕⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠇⠁⠉⠅⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠁⠞⠊⠥⠎⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋
⠀⠁⠝⠝⠕⠥⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠏⠗⠑⠏⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀
⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠕⠝⠀⠎⠥⠗⠛⠑⠗⠽⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠇⠕⠎⠞⠲⠀⠠⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠇⠁⠉⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓
⠀⠗⠊⠉⠓⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠁⠞⠓⠕⠇⠕⠛⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠇⠙⠑⠗⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀⠇⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠁⠝⠀⠑⠗⠁⠆⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠠⠛⠥⠗⠇⠞⠀
⠎⠁⠽⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠋⠑⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀
⠠⠏⠁⠥⠇⠥⠎⠀⠛⠊⠝⠑⠞⠥⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠙⠑⠧⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠁⠏⠑⠥⠞⠊⠉⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠞⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠗⠝⠀⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠥⠗⠏⠗⠊⠎⠑⠙
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠊⠝⠙⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠝⠕⠞⠑⠺⠕⠗⠞⠓⠽⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀
⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠉⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠎⠑⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀
⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠁⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠏⠁⠉⠑⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠏⠁⠞⠓⠕⠇⠕⠛⠽⠂⠀⠑⠞⠊⠕⠇⠕⠛⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠁⠏⠑⠥⠞⠊⠉⠎⠲⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.