Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biochemistry / Old-Time Makers of Medicine / Braille

Old-Time Makers of Medicine ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

772,363 braille cells · 821 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,669 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠍⠑⠝⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠎⠑⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠇⠽⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠲⠀⠀⠠⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠁⠝⠊⠞⠽⠀⠃⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠏⠑⠁⠉⠑⠋⠥⠇
⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠋⠋⠁⠊⠗⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠎⠕⠀⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠎⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠊⠝
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠑⠇⠞⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠁⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠥⠇⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀
⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠗⠑⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠀⠃⠽
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠋⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠓⠥⠗⠉⠓⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠀⠎⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠇⠊⠞⠑⠗⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠠⠁⠞⠊⠥⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠑⠗
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠝⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠠⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠊⠁⠝⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽
⠀⠠⠉⠓⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠁⠝⠀⠠⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠠⠁⠇⠑⠭⠁⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠞⠗⠁⠇⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠁⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠁⠝⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠃⠗⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠗⠉⠓⠊⠞⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠎⠁⠝⠞⠁⠀⠠⠎⠕⠏⠓⠊⠁⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠠⠏⠁⠥⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠊⠝⠁⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠕⠍⠀⠺⠑⠀
⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠍⠑⠙⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠑⠍⠏⠕⠗⠁⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠝⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠁⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠥⠎⠂⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠇⠽⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀
⠟⠥⠕⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.