Skip to content

Library / Chemistry / Scientific American, Volume XXXVI., No. 8, February 24, 1877 / Braille

Scientific American, Volume XXXVI., No. 8, February 24, 1877 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

270,115 braille cells · 283 embossed pages at 40×25 · 677 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠠⠝⠕⠺⠀⠠⠠⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠲⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀
⠠⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠠⠠⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠼⠁⠓⠛⠋⠲⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠧⠕⠇⠥⠍⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀
⠼⠓⠚⠚⠀⠟⠥⠁⠗⠞⠕⠀⠏⠁⠛⠑⠎⠆⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠼⠃⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀
⠑⠝⠛⠗⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠎⠲⠀⠠⠑⠍⠃⠗⠁⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠉⠑⠝⠞⠑⠝⠝⠊⠁⠇⠀⠠⠑⠭⠓⠊⠃⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠠⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠠⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠙⠗⠁⠺⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠑⠞⠉⠲⠀⠠⠏⠗⠊⠉⠑⠀⠋⠊⠧⠑⠀⠙⠕⠇⠇⠁⠗⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠧⠕⠇⠥⠍⠑⠎⠂⠀⠎⠞⠊⠞⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠆⠀⠕⠗⠀⠎⠊⠭⠀
⠙⠕⠇⠇⠁⠗⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠊⠋⠞⠽⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠎⠕⠍⠑⠇⠽⠀
⠃⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠞⠊⠋⠋⠀⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠗⠑⠍⠊⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠏⠕⠎⠞⠁⠇⠀
⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠁⠙⠙⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠀⠠⠠⠍⠥⠝⠝⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠲⠂⠀
⠠⠠⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠼⠉⠛⠀⠠⠏⠁⠗⠅⠀⠠⠗⠕⠺⠂⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠲⠀⠀⠠⠓⠁⠝⠙⠤⠀⠠⠎⠊⠝⠛⠇⠑⠀⠉⠕⠏⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠙⠑⠎⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠁⠙⠙⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠏⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠁⠚⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠎⠲⠀
⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠗⠎⠄⠀⠠⠠⠝⠕⠞⠊⠉⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀
⠠⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀
⠠⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠠⠠⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠉⠅⠀
⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.