Skip to content

Library / Chemistry / Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871 / Braille

Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

273,525 braille cells · 291 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,010 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠍⠊⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠠⠗⠑⠎⠕⠥⠗⠉⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠍⠊⠎⠎⠕⠥⠗⠊⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠠⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠊⠛⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠠⠊⠝⠎⠞⠊⠞⠥⠞⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠍⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠠⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠑⠗⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠎⠥⠛⠁⠗⠂⠀⠠⠉⠕⠋⠋⠑⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠠⠞⠑⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠠⠥⠝⠏⠇⠑⠁⠎⠁⠝⠞
⠀⠠⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠏⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠠⠕⠋⠋⠊⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠊⠞⠥⠞⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠁⠇⠃⠥⠍⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠠⠏⠓⠕⠞⠕⠛⠗⠁⠏⠓⠽⠀⠶⠕⠍⠊⠞⠞⠑⠙⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠇⠕⠥⠊⠎⠊⠁⠝⠁⠀⠠⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠀⠠⠋⠁⠊⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠑⠎⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠏⠥⠗⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠃⠕⠕⠅⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠥⠎⠊⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠋⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠝⠎⠺⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠎⠏⠕⠝⠙⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠋⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠠⠏⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠓⠋⠀⠀⠀⠠⠗⠑⠉⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠑⠊⠛⠝⠀⠠⠏⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠛⠀⠀⠀⠠⠟⠥⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠛⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠠⠏⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠓⠛⠀⠀⠀⠠⠇⠊⠎⠞⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠠⠏⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠠⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠎⠑⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠇⠙⠀⠠⠠⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠎⠞⠑⠑⠇⠀⠠⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠠⠠⠊⠗⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠙⠑⠝⠎⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠠⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.