,illustration ,,scientific ,,american ,a ,,weekly ,,journal ,,of ,,practical ,,information1 ,,art1 ,,science1 ,,mechanics1 ,,chemistry1 ,,and ,,manufactures4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,march #ah1 #ahga4 ,vol4 ,,xxiv4--,no4 #ab4 ,,new ,,series4 #c per ,annum ,,in ,,advance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scientific ,,american4 ,,munn ,,co41 ,editors and ,proprietors4 ,,published ,,weekly ,,at ,,no4 #cg ,,park ,,row 7,,park ,,building71 ,,new ,,york4 ,o4 ,d4 ,,munn4 ,s4 ,h4 ,,wales4 ,a4 ,e4 ,,beach4 ,,vol4 ,,xxiv41 ,,no4 #ab 444 ,,new ,,series4 ,twenty-sixth ,year ,,new ,,york1 ,,saturday1 ,,march #ah1 #ahga4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,contents3 7,illustrated articles are marked with an asterisk47 99,knots and ,splices #age ,influence of ,cold on ,iron and ,steel4 #agf ,oak ,graining in ,oil ,colors #agf ,knots and ,splices 7,explanation7 #agg ,hartford ,steam ,boiler and ,insurance ,co4's ,report #agg 99,improved ,spiral ,spring for ,railway ,carriages #agh 99,portable ,writing and ,copying ,case #agh ,how ,walking-sticks are ,made #agh ,flowering of the ,victoria ,regia #agh ,jute #agh ,ventilation of the ,liverpool ,tunnel #agh 99,impregnating ,wood with ,tar1 etc4 #agh 99,boardman's ,combined ,tool #agi 99,belt ,tightener #agi ,some ,things ,i don't want in the ,building ,trades #agi 99,action of the ,reciprocating ,parts of ,steam ,engines #agi 99,answer to ,practical ,problem #agi ,reciprocating ,parts of ,steam ,engines #agi ,test for ,white ,lead #ahj ,how to ,build a ,chimney #ahj ,crystallized ,honey #ahj ,rambles for ,relics4--,no4 #b #ahj ,silk ,culture #aha 99,universal ,boring ,machine #ahb 99,combined ,trunk and ,rocking-chair #ahb ,cosmetics #ahb 99,smith's ,infant ,dining-chair #ahb ,the ,medicines of the ,ancients #ahb 99,barnes ,ventilator for ,mattresses #ahb ,exhibition of the ,national ,photographic ,association #ahb ,a ,scientific and ,technical ,awakening #ahc ,the ,sherman ,process #ahc ,rubber ,tires for ,traction ,engines #ahc ,central ,shaft of the ,hoosac ,tunnel #ahd ,a ,museum of ,art and ,natural ,history #ahd ,report of ,judges1 ,american ,institute ,fair4 --,the ,allen ,engine #ahd ,lyceum of ,natural ,history #ahd ,warming and ,ventilating ,railroad ,cars #ahd ,the ,mineral ,resources of ,missouri #ahe ,scientific ,intelligence #ahe ,american ,institute of ,mining ,engineers #ahe ,consumption of ,sugar1 ,coffee1 and ,tea #ahe ,unpleasant ,discovery in the ,patent ,office #ahe ,substitute for ,albumen in ,photography 7omitted7 #ahe ,louisiana ,state ,fair #ahe ,test for ,purity of ,water #ahe ,new ,books and ,publications #ahe ,business and ,personal #ahf ,answers to ,correspondents #ahf ,applications for the ,extension of ,patents #ahf ,recent ,american and ,foreign ,patents #ahg ,queries #ahg ,inventions ,patented in ,england by ,americans #ahg ,list of ,patents #ahg 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,influence ,,of ,,intense ,,cold ,,on ,,steel ,,and ,,iron4 ,condensed from ,nature4 ,there has recently been a most interesting discussion at the ,literary and ,philosophical ,society1 ,manchester1 on the above subject4 ,the paper which gave rise to the discussion was by ,mr4 ,brockbank1 who detailed many experiments1 and ended by stating his opinion that iron does become much weaker1 both in its cast and wrought states1 under the influence of low temperature2 but ,mr4 ,brockbank's paper was immediately followed by others by ,sir ,w4 ,fairbairn1 ,dr4 ,joule1 and ,mr4 ,spence1 which at once put an entirely new complexion on the matter4 ,dr4 ,joule says3 ,as is usual in a severe frost1 we have recently heard of many severe accidents consequent upon the fracture of the tires of the wheels of railway carriages4 ,the common-sense explanation of these accidents is1 that the ground being harder than usual1 the metal with which it is brought into contact is more severely tried than in ordinary circumstances4 ,in order apparently to excuse certain railway companies1 a pretence has been set up that iron and steel become brittle at a low temperature4 ,this pretence1 although put forth in defiance1 not only of all we know1 of the properties of materials1 but also of the experience of everyday life1 has yet obtained the credence of so many people that ,i thought it would be useful to make the following simple experiments3 #ast4 ,a freezing mixture of salt and snow was placed on a table4 ,wires of steel and of iron were stretched1 so that a part of them was in contact with the freezing mixture and another part out of it4 ,in every case ,i tried the wire broke outside of the mixture1 showing that it was weaker at #ej ,f41 than at about #ab ,f4 #b;d4 ,i took twelve darning needles of good quality1 #c in4 long1 #a_/bd in4 thick4 ,the ends of these were placed against steel props1 #b-a_/h in4 asunder4 ,in making an experiment1 a wire was fastened to the middle of a needle1 the other end being attached to a spring weighing-machine4 ,this was then pulled until the needle gave way4 ,six of the needles1 taken at random1 were tried at a temperature of #ee ,f41 and the remaining six in a freezing mixture which brought down their temperature to #ab ,f4 ,the results were as follow3-- ,warm ,needles4 ,cold ,needles4 #fd ounces broke #ee ounces broke #fe #fd #ee #gb #fb #fj bent #dd #fh broke #fj bent #dj --- --- ,average1 #eh-a_/c ,average1 #ei-e_/f ,i did not notice any perceptible difference in the perfection of elasticity in the two sets of needles4 ,the result1 as far as it goes1 is in favor of the cold metal4 #c;d4 ,the above are doubtless decisive of the question at issue4 ,but as it might be alleged that the violence to which a railway wheel is subjected is more akin to a blow than a steady pull2 and as1 moreover1 the pretended brittleness is attributed more to cast iron than any other description of the metal1 ,i have made yet another kind of experiment4 ,i got a quantity of cast iron garden nails1 an inch and a quarter long and #a_/h in4 thick in the middle4 ,these ,i weighed1 and selected such as were nearly of the same weight4 ,i then arranged matters so that by removing a prop ,i could cause the blunt edge of a steel chisel weighted to #dlb4 #boz41 to fall from a given height upon the middle of the nail as it was supported from each end1 #a-a_/af in4 asunder4 ,in order to secure the absolute fairness of the trials1 the nails were taken at random1 and an experiment with a cold nail was always alternated with one at the ordinary temperature4 ,the nails to be cooled were placed in a mixture of salt and snow1 from which they were removed and struck with the hammer in less than #e4 ,the collective result of the experiments1 the details of which need not be given1 was that #ba cold nails broke and #bj warm ones4 ,dr4 ,joule adds1 ,the experiments of ,lavoisier and ,laplace1 of ,smeaton1 of ,dulong and ,petit1 and of ,troughton1 conspire in giving a less expansion by heat to steel than iron1 especially if the former be in an untempered state2 but this1 would in certain limits have the effect of strengthening rather than of weakening an iron wheel with a tire of steel4 ,the general conclusion is this3 ,frost does not make either iron 7cast or wrought71 or steel1 brittle4 ,mr4 ,spence1 in his experiments1 decided on having some lengths of cast iron made of a uniform thickness of in4 square1 from the same metal and the same mould4 ,he writes3--,two of the four castings ,i got seemed to be good ones1 and ,i got the surface taken off1 and made them as regular a thickness as was practicable4 ,i then fixed two knife-edged wedges upon the surface of a plank1 at exactly nine inches distance from each other1 with an opening in the plank in the intervening space1 the bar being laid across the wedges1 a knife-edged hook was hung in the middle of the suspended piece of the bar1 and to the hook was hung a large scale on which to place weights4 ,the bar was tried first at a temperature of #fj ,f42 to find the breaking weight ,i placed #eflb4 weights one after another on the scale1 and when the ninth was put on the bar snapped4 ,this was the only unsatisfactory experiment1 as #ad or #bhlb4 might have done it1 but ,i include it among others4 ,i now adopted another precaution1 by placing the one end of the plank on a fixed point and the other end on to a screw-jack1 by raising which ,i could1 without any vibration1 bring the weight to bear upon the bar4 ,by this means1 small weights up to #glb4 could be put on while hanging1 but when these had to be taken off and a large weight put on1 the scale was lowered to the rest1 and again raised after the change was made4 ,i may here state that a curious circumstance occurred twice1 which seems to indicate that mere raising of the weight1 without the slightest apparent vibration1 was equal in effect to an additional weight4 #c cwts4 were on the scale1 a #adlb4 weight was added1 then #glb41 then #dlb41 #blb41 #alb41 and #alb41 making #d;cwts4 and #alb4 ,this was allowed to act for from one to two minutes1 and then lowered to take off the small weights1 which were replaced by a #eflb4 with the intention of adding small weights when suspended2 the whole was then raised so imperceptibly by the screw1 that the only way of ascertaining that it was suspended1 was by looking under the scale to see that it was clear of the rest4 ,as soon as it was half-an-inch clear it snapped1 thus breaking at once with one pound less than it resisted for nearly two minutes4 ,six experiments were carefully conducted at #fj ,f41 the parts of the bars being selected so as to give to each set of experiments similar portions of both bars2 the results are marked on the pieces4 ,my assistant now prepared a refrigerating mixture which stood at zero1 the bars were immersed for some time in this1 and we prepared for the breaking trials to be made as quickly as could be1 consistently with accuracy2 and to secure the low temperature1 each bar1 on being placed in the machine1 had its surface at top covered with the freezing mixture4 ,the bars at zero broke with more regularity than at #fj1 but instead of the results confirming the general impression as to cold rendering iron more brittle1 they are calculated to substantiate an exactly opposite idea1 namely1 that reduction of temperature1 cteris paribus1 increases the strength of cast iron4 ,the only doubtful experiment of the whole twelve is the first1 and as it stands much the highest1 the probability is that it should be lower2 yet1 even taking it as it stands1 the average of the six experiments at #fj ,f41 gives #d;cwt4 #dlb4 as the breaking weight of the bar at that temperature1 while the average of the six experiments at zero gives #d;cwt #bjlb4 as the breaking weight of the bar at zero1 being an increase of strength1 from the reduction of temperature1 equal to #c4e per cent4 ,sir ,w4 ,fairbairn states3 ,it has been asserted1 in evidence given at the coroner's inquest1 in a recent railway accident1 that the breaking of the steel tire was occasioned by the intensity of the frost1 which is supposed to have rendered the metal1 of which this particular tire was composed1 brittle4 ,this is the opinion of most persons1 but judging from my own experience such is not the fact4 ,some years since ,i endeavored to settle this question by a long and careful series of experiments on wrought iron1 from which it was proved that the resistance to a tensile chain was as great at the temperature of zero as it was at #fj or upwards1 until it attained a scarcely visible red heat4 ,the immense number of purposes to which both iron and steel are applied1 and the changes of temperature to which they are exposed1 renders the inquiry not only interesting in a scientific point of view1 but absolutely necessary to a knowledge of their security under the various influences of those changes4 ,it was for these reasons that the experiments in question were undertaken1 and the summary of results is sufficiently conclusive to show that changes of temperature are not always the cause of failure4 ,sir ,w4 ,fairbairn adds3 ,the danger arising from broken tires does not1 according to my opinion1 arise so much from changes of temperature as from the practice of heating them to a dull red heat1 and shrinking them on to the rim of the wheels4 ,this1 ,i believe1 is the general practice1 and the unequal1 and in some cases1 the severe strains to which they are subject1 has a direct tendency to break the tires4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,oak ,,graining ,,in ,,oil ,,colors4 ,,condensed ,,from ,,the ,,building ,,news4 ,there is a charm and feeling about work executed by the hand1 which gives it a value no mere machine work can possess4 ,machine work1 from its very nature1 necessitates a repetition of pattern1 which cannot be avoided4 ,hand-work1 on the contrary1 can imitate every variety1 and follow nature so closely that no two pieces need be alike4 ,there is also in hand-work a wide scope for the inventive faculty and the exercise of good taste 7both in form and color7 and skillful workmanship4 ,as a rule1 strong contrasts between the ground and the graining color should be avoided4 ,the figure and grain should of course be seen clearly1 but only so clearly as to be distinct1 without interfering with the general and uniform quietness of tone necessary to fulfil the conditions required by the laws of harmony and good taste4 ,violent contrasts and gaudy coloring are always vulgar1 brilliancy and richness of color are not necessarily vulgar2 it is the absence of the guiding power of knowledge and pure taste in their arrangement which degrades them to the rank of vulgarity4 ,we have before spoken of the importance of good combing1 and of the various kinds of combs used2 we now proceed to describe how the work is done4 ,the graining color is brushed over the work1 in the ordinary manner1 with a pound-brush1 care being taken not to put too much color on1 or else it is very liable to be dirty4 ,a dry duster is now used to stipple with1 which1 if properly done1 will distribute the color evenly2 it is now ready for combing4 ,in the real oak it will be found1 as a rule1 that the grain is invariably coarser on one side of the panel than on the other2 this arises from the very nature of the growth of the tree2 it is1 therefore1 well to imitate this pattern1 and in order to do so we take first a medium or coarse cut gutta-percha comb1 and draw it down one side of the panel2 then use a finer one to complete it4 ,this comb will leave the marks of the grain in clear unbroken lines from top to bottom of the panel4 ,we now take a fine steel comb and go over the whole of the previous combing1 moving it in a slanting or diagonal direction across the previous grain1 or with a quick and short wavy motion or curl2 both the former and the latter motion will break up the long lines1 left by the gutta-percha comb1 into short bits1 which of course represent the pores or grains of the real wood4 ,there are several other motions of the comb having the same end in view2 and by using the gutta-percha or cork combs1 in conjunction with the fine steel1 an infinite variety of grain may be produced4 ,steel combs1 with one or more folds of thin rag placed over the ends of the teeth are a style of comb which has nothing to recommend it4 ,a natural variation in the grain may be produced by one comb alone1 according to the manner in which it is held4 ,for instance1 if we take a coarse or broad-toothed gutta-percha comb1 and commence at the top of a panel1 with the comb1 placed at its full width3 if drawn down in this position it will leave a grain of the same width as the width of the teeth3 but if we start with the full width1 and gradually turn the comb or slightly incline it to one side--that is to say1 on its edge1 we thereby graduate the grain from coarse to fine at pleasure1 and by holding the comb at a certain inclination we may actually make very fine the coarse comb4 ,a very important point is the formation of the joints in the wood1 as much of the effect of otherwise good work is lost in consequence of neglect in this respect4 ,in looking at a real oak door1 the joints of the stiles and rails are clearly and sharply defined1 not by any defect of workmanship1 but by the difference in the run of the grain1 the stiles being perpendicular1 and the rails horizontal4 ,the rails being cut sharp off by the stiles1 show a perfectly straight line4 ,the light also acts differently upon the two1 simply because the grain or fibre of the wood is exposed to its influence under different aspects4 ,this also tends to produce a difference in the depth of the color of rails and stiles1 and panels also4 ,it will be evident that no imitations can be considered really good except they include these seemingly unimportant points4 ,it is a common practice for grainers to imitate a broad piece of heart or sap of oak1 upon the back rail of almost every door they do1 and many of them are not even content with that1 but daub the stiles over from top to bottom with it also4 ,there is nothing so vulgar or in such bad taste4 ,it should only be done upon those parts of the work on which it would appear on a real oak door1 namely1 on the edges of the doors and on mouldings4 ,there is a vulgar pretentiousness about what we may call the sappy style of work which is very undesirable4 ,the figures cross the grain more or less abruptly and of course are of different shapes1 sizes1 and forms1 a knowledge of which can only be acquired by study of the real wood4 ,the figure may be wiped out with a piece of soft rag1 held tight over the thumb nail4 ,this should have two or three folds over the nail1 the superfluous rag being held by the other hand to prevent it hanging down and smearing the grain2 and every time a figure is wiped1 the rag should be moved slightly1 so that the same part of the rag will not be used twice1 thus insuring clean work4 ,it will often happen that the thumb-nail will get broken1 or is too weak to stand the work2 in these cases1 or1 in fact1 in any case1 a good substitute or artificial thumb-nail may be made of gutta-percha1 thus3 ,a piece of thin sheet gutta-percha is put into warm water1 and1 while soft1 is wrapped around the end of the thumb up to the first joint4 ,it is then pressed with the hand1 so as to fit and take the shape of the thumb and nail4 ,this cannot be done at one heating1 but will have to be put into the hot water again1 and the end pinched and squeezed into form to the shape of the nail1 and to fit easily upon the thumb4 ,when this gets hard1 it may be trimmed into perfect form with a penknife4 ,this artificial nail will answer the purpose admirably if properly made2 and even when the natural nail is good1 the gutta-percha will serve to save it from injury4 ,good figuring may also be done by using the blank end of the steel comb with a rag folded over its edge4 ,we have also used a piece of gutta-percha to take out the lights4 ,this should be square-ended1 about one inch wide1 and three or four inches long1 and will do successful work of a certain class1 but not of the best4 ,many grainers use a piece of thin horn1 in shape something like a spatula1 about three or four inches long and three quarters of an inch wide1 with rounded ends1 and quite flexible4 ,with this tool the figure is cut or scooped out--a sort of quick1 side-long motion1 very difficult to describe1 and requiring a very considerable amount of practice before it can be worked with any success4 ,there is1 however1 the same objection to this tool as may be urged against the gutta-percha for figuring1 namely1 that neither of them take the color clean away1 but leave an accumulation of color on the edge of the figure1 which is fatal to good work2 and therefore we cannot honestly recommend the use of any method but the wiping out with the thumb-nail or its substitute4 ,when the figure is wiped out it will require to be softened4 ,by softening1 we mean the imitation of those half shades seen upon and about the figures in the real wood4 ,between and around the lights or figure in oak1 there is always a lighter tint of color2 this is imitated by doubling a piece of rag into a small roll1 and with the side of this the grain is partially wiped away1 but not to the extent of taking off the whole of the grain4 ,a recent but most admirable system of graining oak1 by means of over-combing1 is worked exactly the reverse of any of the foregoing methods2 that is to say1 the figure is first wiped out1 and the combing or grain is done afterwards1 when the graining color is dry1 in this wise3 ,the graining color is mixed somewhat thinner than for ordinary graining1 and is brushed over the work sparingly1 leaving it just sufficiently strong to show a clear distinction between the ground and the color4 ,the light or figure is then softened by drawing the end of a flat hog-hair fitch1 or a small thin mottler1 across each figure1 and slightly softening with the badger-hair softener4 ,the figure is broken up a little with fine lines across it in parts1 such as may be seen in the real wood2 but previous to wiping out the figure1 streaks of light should be wiped out and softened on one side of the panel or across the stiles1 in imitation of the reflective lights seen in oak4 ,the color should also be partially wiped off the rails or stiles at their junction2 this tends to define the joint4 ,the color is now let to dry hard1 when it will be ready for over-combing--that is1 combing or graining over the figure 7hence its name71 and this will have to be done somewhat differently to the ordinary combing4 ,as thus3 ,the color is rubbed in as before1 and combed solely with the gutta-percha combs1 but these are specially cut for the purpose2 they are best about #b in4 wide4 ,the first must be cut with teeth about three-sixteenths of an inch in width1 the next one-eighth1 and the third about one-sixteenth4 ,the broad-toothed comb is first used1 and must be drawn down the panel1 with a wavy motion1 in short or long curls2 either will answer our purpose now4 ,the next size of comb is then drawn straight down--the straighter the better4 ,this has the effect of breaking the wavy combing into short and long straight bits1 similar to the pores or grain of the real wood4 ,both the first and second combing may be varied by holding the comb in a slanting direction1 and may be fine or coarse1 according to the width of the combs used2 now take a soft rag folded1 and with this partially clear off the grain which runs over the figure1 leaving only a sufficient quantity crossing the light or figure1 to be just distinguished1 exactly as it appears upon the figure in real oak4 ,the grain is also wiped off in parts on the plain spaces between the figure1 in order to break it up and take away any formality4 ,if this method be well and probably done1 a thoroughly deceptive imitation may be produced2 and except this end be kept in view1 no really good work will result4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,knots ,,and ,,splices4 ,,see ,,engraving ,,on ,,first ,,page4 #a4 ,turn used in making up ropes4 #b4 ,end tapered for the purpose of passing it readily through a loop4 ,to make this1 we unlay the rope for the necessary length1 reducing a rope diminishing in diameter towards the end1 which is finished by interlacing the ends without cutting them1 as it would weaken the work2 it is lastly whipped with small twine4 #c4 ,tapered end1 covered with interlaced cordage for the purpose of making it stronger4 ,this is done with very small twine attached at one end to the small eye1 and at the other to the strands of the rope1 thus making a strong webbing around the end4 #d4 ,double turn used for making rope4 #e4 ,eye splice4 ,the strands of the cable are brought back over themselves1 and interlaced with their original turns1 as in a splice4 #f4 ,tie for the end of a four-strand rope4 #g4 ,the same completed2 the strands are tied together1 forming loops1 laying one over the other4 #h4 ,commencement for making the end by interlacing the strands4 #i4 ,interlacing complete1 but not fastened4 #aj and #aa4 ,shell in two views used in ,no4 #fe1 showing the disposition of it at the throat4 ,this joining is advantageous1 as it does not strain the cords1 and it prevents them from cutting each other2 so that the rings pass one into the other and are joined outside the intermediate shell4 #ab4 ,interlacing in two directions4 #ac4 ,mode of finishing the end by several turns of the twine continued over the cable4 #ad4 ,interlacing commenced1 in one direction4 #ae4 ,interlacing finished1 the ends being worked under the strands1 as in a splice4 #af4 ,pigtail commenced4 #ag4 ,interlacing fastened4 #ah4 ,pigtail with the strands taut4 #ai4 ,dead eye1 shown in two views4 #bj4 ,pigtail finished4 ,we pass the ends of the strands1 one under the other1 in the same way as if we were making a pudding splice3 thus bringing it in a line with the rope1 to which it is seized fast1 and the ends cut off4 #ba4 ,scull pigtail2 instead of holding the ends by a tie1 we interlace them again1 as in ,no4 #af1 the one under the other4 #bb4 ,pigtail1 or lark's nest4 ,we make this to the pennant of a cable1 which has several strands1 by taking the requisite number of turns over the pudding1 in such a manner that the strands shall lay under each other4 ,this pigtail forms a knot at the end of the rope4 ,it thus draws together two ropes1 as shown in ,no4 #cb1 forming a shroud knot4 ,in these two pigtails1 the strands are crossed before finishing the ends1 so that the button1 a1 is made with the strands1 a1 and b1 with those of the rope1 b4 #bc4 ,slip clinch to sailors' knot4 #bd4 ,slip clinch1 secured4 #be4 ,ordinary knot upon a double rope4 #bf4 ,bowline knot for a man to sit in at his work4 #bg4 ,called a short splice1 as it is not of great length1 and besides1 can be made quickly4 #cj4 ,long splice4 ,this extends from a to b4 ,we unlay the strands of each of the ropes we intend to join1 for about half the length that the splice will be1 putting each strand of the one between two strands of the other4 #ca4 ,simple fastening on a rope4 #cb4 ,a shroud knot4 #cc4 ,the ends of the rope are prepared for making the splice 7,no4 #bi7 in the same manner as for the shroud knot in ,no4 #cb4 ,when the strands are untwisted1 we put the ends of two cords together as close as possible1 and place the ends of the one between the strands of the other1 above and below alternately1 so as to interlace them as in ,no4 #bi4 ,this splice is not1 however1 very strong1 and is only used when there is not time to make a long splice1 which is much the best4 #cd and #ce4 ,marline spikes4 ,tools made of wood or iron1 used to open out a rope to pass the strands of another through it4 #cf4 ,shows strands arranged as described in ,no4 #cj4 #cg4 ,fastening when a lever is used1 and is employed when hauling upon large ropes1 where the strength of several men are necessary4 #ch4 ,a pudding splice4 ,this is commenced1 like the others1 by placing the rope end to end1 the turns of the one being passed between those of the other2 having first swelled out the yarns by a rat's-tail1 we put them1 two by two1 one over the other1 twisting them tightly1 and opening a way for them with the marlinspike4 ,the inconvenience of this splice is1 that it is larger in diameter than the rope itself2 but when made sufficiently long1 by gradually reducing the size of the strands1 it has great strength4 #ci4 ,this shows two strands1 a and b1 of the ropes1 ,a ,b1 knotted together1 being drawn as tight as possible2 we unlay the strand1 a'1 of the rope1 ,a1 for half the length of the splice1 and twist the strand1 b'1 of the rope1 ,b1 strongly in its place1 tying a' and b' together tightly4 ,the same process is again gone through on the rope1 ,b1 the strand1 a1 of the rope1 ,a1 being knotted to the strand1 b1 of the rope1 ,b4 ,when all the strands are thus knotted together1 we interlace them with the strands of the cable4 ,thus the strands1 a a' a1 are interlocked by being passed alternately above and below the turns of the cord1 ,b1 the ends being also sometimes whipped4 ,in the same manner the strands1 b b' b1 pass alternately over and under the strands of the rope1 ,a1 and are in like manner whipped4 ,it is important that the several interlacings and knots should not meet at one point2 we reduce the size of the strands towards the end1 so that they loose themselves in the body of the splice1 cutting off such parts as may project4 ,this splice is employed for joining the ends of a rope when a chafed part has been cut out1 and is quite as strong as the rope itself4 #dj4 ,belaying-pin opened to serve as a button2 these are used where it is necessary to stop or check velocity4 #da4 ,chain knot1 or fastening4 #db4 ,variable or regulating lashing4 ,by laying the piece1 a f1 horizontally1 it can be slipped along the rope1 b2 by raising or lowering this1 we shall raise or depress the weight1 c1 the cord1 b1 running over the two pulleys1 d1 from the piece1 a f1 in the direction shown in the figure4 ,the friction of the cord1 b1 passing through the hole1 e1 sufficiently fixes the piece1 a f1 and holds the weight1 c1 securely4 #dc4 ,cleet1 with three ties4 #dd4 ,cleet1 showing the mode of belaying the cord4 #de4 ,the piece1 a f1 of ,no4 #db4 #df4 ,fair leader4 #dg4 ,cleet to be fixed to a stay4 #dh4 ,loop for slipping other lines4 #di4 ,a bend which is only used for fear of the stoppers snapping4 #ej4 ,bastard loop1 made on the end of the rope1 and whipped with yarns4 #ea4 ,tie to pins3 a1 the pin2 b1 small cords fixed by a cross tie4 #eb4 ,cleet1 fixed to the rail1 either with screws or nails1 to which the lines are belayed4 #ec4 ,waterman's knot4 #ed4 ,fair leader4 #ee4 ,tie1 or bend to pier4 #ef4 ,simple fastening to tie4 #eg4 ,fastening by a loop4 ,this can be tied or untied without loosening the loop itself4 ,it is made by following1 towards the longer loop1 the direction as numbered #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 and is terminated by the loop1 #f1 #g1 #f1 finally passing it over the head of the post1 ,a4 ,this knot holds itself1 the turns being in opposite directions4 ,to untie it1 we slack the turns of the cable sufficiently to again pass the loop1 #f1 #g1 #f1 over the post1 ,a1 and turn the ends in the contrary direction to that in which they were made 7as #e1 #d1 #c1 #b1 #a74 #eh4 ,iron shell1 in two views4 #ei and #fj4 ,wedding knots2 a b1 eyelets2 c d1 the join2 e1 the fastening4 #fa4 ,lark's-head fastening to running knot4 #fb4 ,a round turn2 the cord1 a1 is passed through the bight of the cord1 b1 over the button1 c1 where it is secured by an ordinary knot4 #fc4 ,belaying-pin splice4 ,the cord1 b1 stops the pin1 e1 its end being spliced upon itself1 and served with yarn2 this rope1 with its pin1 is passed through the spliced eye1 f of the line1 g4 #fd4 ,round button4 #fe4 ,joint by a spherical shell1 each loop1 a and b1 being made by ties and splices1 and surrounding the shell1 c4 #ff4 ,belaying-pin1 shown separately1 before being stoppered4 #fg4 ,fastening to shears4 #fh4 ,square mooring4 ,when the cable is round the post1 ,a1 and the piece1 c1 without being crossed1 it lays in the section #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 and the end is fastened by tying4 #fi4 ,wooden shell in section4 #gj4 ,crossed fastening4 ,the turns of the cable1 passing in front of the post1 ,b1 are crossed at the back of ,c1 in the direction #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 the end1 #h1 being secured to the cable4 #ga4 ,wooden shell4 #gb4 ,double-chain fastening4 #gc4 ,lashing for ram block1 or dead-eye4 ,the ram blocks1 a and b1 are strapped by the cords1 e1 which hold them2 the small lanyards1 d1 pass through the holes to make the connection1 and as they are tightened give the requisite tension to the cordage2 the ends are fastened to the main rope4 ,usually one of these dead-eyes is held by an iron strap to the point where it is required to fix and strain the cordage1 which is ordinarily a shroud4 #gd4 ,chain fastening4 #a'4 ,simple band1 showing the upper side4 #b'4 ,the same1 showing the under side and the knot4 #c'4 ,tie1 with crossed ends1 commenced2 a turn is taken under the strands1 to hold the ends of the cord4 #d'4 ,the same1 completed4 #e'4 ,bend with crossed strands1 commenced1 the one end being looped over the other4 #f'4 ,the same1 completed4 #g'4 ,necklace tie1 seen on the upper side4 #h'4 ,the same1 seen underneath4 ,the greater the strain on the cords1 the tighter the knot becomes4 #i' and #aj' are similar splices to #g' and #h' with slight modifications4 #aa' shows the commencement of #ac'1 the legs in elevation2 #ab' being a front view4 ,an ordinary band1 made by several turns of a small rope1 is lapped round them and hauled taut1 and then interlaced at the ends4 ,this done1 the legs are shifted into the shape of a ,st4 ,andrew's cross4 ,thus the lashing is tightened1 and1 for further security1 we pass the line several times over the tie and between the spars1 knotting the ends4 #ac'4 ,portuguese knot4 ,this is a lashing for shear legs1 and must be tight enough to prevent the spars slipping on each other2 the crossing of the two legs gives a means of securing the knot4 #ad'4 ,for binding timbers2 a1 knot commenced4 ,take several turns round the timbers1 and fasten the ends by passing them under the turns2 b1 knot completed4 ,the end of a round stick1 m n1 termed a packing stick1 should be passed under the knob1 the cord being slack enough to allow of this4 ,by turning the stick1 the turns can be tightened to any extent2 when tight1 we fasten the longer arm of the lever to some fixed point1 by a rope1 p q1 so that it cannot fly back4 ,care must be taken not to turn the stick too far1 or the rope may be broken4 ,as the timber dries and shrinks1 the lever may be used to make all taut again4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,hartford ,,steam ,,boiler ,,inspection ,,and ,,insurance ,,company4 ,the ,hartford ,steam ,boiler ,inspection and ,insurance ,company makes the following report of its inspections in ,january1 #ahga3 ,during the month1 there were #ebb visits of inspection made1 and #a1jcj boilers examined--#hec externally and #cfc internally1 while #ajf have been tested by hydraulic pressure4 ,number of defects in all discovered1 #dca1 of which #afc were regarded as dangerous4 ,these defects were as follows3 ,furnaces out of shape1 #bd--c dangerous2 fractures1 #dg--be dangerous2 burned plates1 #bi--ad dangerous2 blistered plates1 #ed--aj dangerous2 cases of sediment and deposit1 #ig--ah dangerous2 cases of incrustation and scale1 #gj--bd dangerous4 ,to show how little attention is paid to the internal condition of boilers by incompetent engineers1 we copy the following from a letter of one of our inspectors3 ,in one tubular boiler ,i found sediment in the back end1 eight inches deep1 and extending forward more than four feet4 ,it seemed to be an accumulation of fine scale cemented together1 so that it was necessary to break it up with a hammer and chisel before it could be removed4 ,the engineer said he had cleaned the boilers only three days before1 and objected to my making another examination4 ,this is one of the many cases we find1 where the proprietor trusts everything about his boilers to his engineer1 supposing him to be reliable4 ,with such accumulation of sediment and deposit1 is it any wonder that sheets are burned8 ,a careful engineer will understand1 if the feed water be impure1 that he must blow down two or three inches every day1 or oftener1 that the sediment may be removed as it accumulates1 and then an internal examination once in two weeks1 or once a month1 will insure a clean boiler4 ,cases of external corrosion1 #bf--aj dangerous2 cases of internal corrosion1 #ag--e dangerous2 cases of internal grooving1 #bh--aa dangerous2 water gages out of order1 #ej2 blow-out apparatus out of order1 #ae--g dangerous2 safety valves overloaded1 #dj--ab dangerous2 pressure gages out of order1 #ed--f dangerous1 varying from -#ae to #h pounds4 7,we have found several gages entirely ruined from being frozen74 ,boilers without gages1 #d2 cases of deficiency of water1 #e--a dangerous2 broken braces and stays1 #ca--g dangerous2 boilers condemned1 #b--;both dangerous4 ,two engineers were found drunk on duty1 and promptly discharged4 ,there were #i serious explosions during the month1 by which #ii persons were killed1 and #f wounded4 ,eighty-seven of the killed were passengers on the ill-fated steamer ,h4,r4 ,arthur1 on the ,mississippi ,river4 ,many were drowned1 and some burned1 but the origin of the calamity was the bad quality of the boilers1 which a careless management was unable to detect4 ,the upper and fore part of the boat was blown away by the exploded boilers1 and1 to add to the horror1 what remained took fire4 ,none of these exploded boilers were under the care of this company4 99 99 99 99 99 ,five ore-roasting furnaces are in full blast in ,nevada4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,improved ,,compound ,,spiral ,,car ,,spring ,,for ,,railway ,,carriages4 ,our engravings illustrate an improved compound car-spring1 which appears to possess all the requisites of a first-class spring1 combining in its construction extreme simplicity with great strength1 and a feature whereby the power of the spring increases with increase of the load1 and vice vers1 so that its flexibility remains nearly constant for all loads4 ,fig4 #a is a perspective view of this spring1 with a portion of the side of the case broken out to show the interior arrangement of the spiral springs4 ,fig4 #b is a section of the compressing plate4 ,fig4 #c is a plan view1 showing the arrangement of the tubes which enclose the springs4 ,illustration3 ,,pott',s' ,,spiral ,,car ,,spring ,,for ,,railway ,,carriages4 ,fig4 #a ,fig4 #b ,fig4 #c ,the case is cast in two pieces4 ,its vertical wall is cast in a single piece1 and has at the top a flange or bead extending inwardly1 against which the compressing plate abuts when the spring is not compressed1 as shown in ,fig4 #b4 ,a bottom plate completes the case4 ,the spiral components of the spring are inclosed in tubes1 as shown in ,figs4 #a and #c4 ,it is not deemed essential that these tubes should be seamless1 or that their edges1 brought together in bending1 should be soldered1 brazed1 or welded4 ,they act merely as guides to compel the component springs to expand or contract in vertical lines1 and need only be strong enough for that purpose4 ,the compressing plate is formed with concentric steps or ledges1 as shown in ,fig4 #b1 so that with light loads1 only a portion of the component spirals act4 ,with a heavier load a new series of spirals is brought into action1 and so on1 till the spring is loaded to its full capacity4 ,this feature is novel1 and as important as novel1 as it gives the spring a far more easy and flexible carriage1 with light loads1 than would be the case if all the spirals were permitted to act4 ,in putting the spring together1 the vertical part of the case is inverted4 ,the compressing plate is then placed within the case1 resting upon the inner flange of the case above described4 ,the tubes with their inclosed springs are then arranged in position1 as shown in the plan view1 ,fig4 #c4 ,the bottom plate of the case is then placed in position1 and held to its place by lugs and rivets1 as shown in ,fig4 #a2 the spring is then ready for use4 ,the employment of tubes in the manner described1 enables springs of the greatest practical length to be used1 without the sectional or division plates met with in other spiral car springs4 ,a greater and easier movement is therefore obtained4 ,these springs can1 it is claimed1 compete in price with any spring in market1 and are guaranteed by the manufacturers4 ,patented through the ,scientific ,american ,patent ,agency1 ,december #bg1 #ahgj1 by ,albert ,potts1 whom address for further information1 ,no4 #dij ,north ,third street1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,portable ,,writing ,,and ,,copying ,,case4 ,this device is the invention of ,a4 ,g4 ,buzby1 of ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,it is a combined writing and copying case4 ,besides the usual recesses or chambers for pen1 ink1 paper1 etc41 it is provided with a book of copying paper1 in which copies of important letters may be made1 by damping the letters in the usual way1 and pressing them between the leaves of the copying book2 or the transfer paper may be used1 so that the letter will be copied as it is written1 if preferred4 ,illustration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,how ,,walking ,,sticks ,,are ,,made4 ,sticks are manufactured both from large timber of from two to six feet girth1 and from small underwood of about the thickness of a man's thumb4 ,the timber1 which is chiefly beech1 is first sawed into battens of about three feet in length and as many inches in width2 and from each of these battens two square sticks1 with square heads are afterwards cut in opposite directions1 so that the middle portion is waste wood4 ,the corners of each are afterwards rounded off by a planing process called trapping1 and the square head is reduced1 by a small saw1 to a curve or rectangular bend1 so as to form a handle4 ,when the sticks are brought in this way to the exact size and pattern1 they are polished with great care1 are finely varnished1 and packed in boxes or bundles for the market4 ,many sawn sticks1 however1 are supplied with bone and horn handles1 which are fastened on with glue2 and then of course there is less wood waste1 as a larger number of them may be cut from one batten4 ,a very different process takes place in the manufacture of sticks from small underwood1 in which there is no sawing required4 ,the rough unfashioned sticks1 which are generally of hazel1 ash1 oak and thorn1 are cut with a bill in the same way as kidney bean sticks1 and are brought to the factory in large bavins or bundles1 piled on a timber tug4 ,there must of course1 be some little care in their selection1 yet it is evident that the woodmen are not very particular on this score1 for they have in general an ungainly appearance2 and many are so crooked and rough1 that no drover or country boy would think it worth while to polish the like of them with his knife4 ,having arrived at this place1 however1 their numerous excrescences are soon pruned away1 and their ugliness converted into elegance4 ,when sufficiently seasoned and fit for working1 they are first laid to soak in wet sand1 and rendered more tough and pliable2 a workman then takes them one by one1 and securing them with an iron stock1 bends them skillfully this way and that1 so as to bring out their natural crooks1 and render them at last all straight even rods4 ,if they are not required to be knotted1 they next go to the trapper1 who puts them through a kind of circular plane1 which takes off knots1 and renders them uniformly smooth and round4 ,the most important process of all is that of giving them their elegantly curved handles1 for which purpose they are passed over to the crooker4 ,every child knows that if we bend a tough stick moderately when the pressure is discontinued1 it will soon fly back1 more or less1 to its former position2 and if we bend it very much1 it will break4 ,now the crooker professes to accomplish the miracle of bending a stick as it might be an iron wire1 so that it shall neither break nor backen4 ,to prevent the breaking1 the wood is rendered pliant by further soaking in wet sand2 and a flexible band of metal is clamped down firmly to that portion of the stick that will form the outside of the curve2 the top end is then fitted into a grooved iron shoulder which determines the size of the crook1 the other end being brought round so as to point in the opposite direction2 the metal band during this process binding with increasing tightness against the stretching fibers of the wood1 so that they cannot snap or give way under the strain4 ,the crook having been made1 the next thing is to fix it1 or remove from the fibers the reaction of elasticity1 which would otherwise1 on the cessation of the bending force1 cause it to backen more or less1 and undo the work4 ,in the old process of crooking by steam1 as timber bending is effected1 the stick was merely left till it was cold to acquire a permanent set2 but in the new process1 a more permanent set is given by turning the handle about briskly over a jet of gas4 ,the sticks being now fashioned1 it only remains to polish and stain or varnish them2 and they are sometimes scorched or burned brown1 and carved with foliage1 animal heads and other devices4--,chambers' ,journal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,flowering ,,of ,,the ,,victoria ,,regia ,,in ,,the ,,open ,,air4--,joseph ,mager1 ,esq41 has succeeded in flowering the ,victoria lily1 in his pond in ,england4 ,the pond is perfectly open1 but the water is heated by hot water pipes coming from a boiler near the pond1 carefully concealed4 ,the seeds of the ,victoria were planted in ,may last1 and the first flower was produced ,sept4 #ajth4 ,afterwards seven other flowers opened4 ,the plant has eight leaves1 of which the largest is five feet two inches in diameter4 ,mr4 ,mager has also succeeded in flowering a large number of other tropical lilies in his pond4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,jute1 a material largely used in combination with hemp1 for making cordage1 sacking1 mats1 and carpets1 is produced in ,india to the extent of #cjj1jjj tuns per annum4 ,the scarcity of fuel prevents its manufacture on the spot1 except by the rudest and most primitive means1 so that the bulk of the growth is sent to ,great ,britain4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ventilation ,,of ,,the ,,liverpool ,,tunnel4 ,this tunnel1 which forms an ascending incline of a mile and a quarter length from the terminal station in ,lime-street ,london and ,n4 ,w4 ,railroad1 was worked until recently by a rope and stationary engine1 to avoid fouling the air of the tunnel by the passage of locomotives2 but the increase of the traffic having necessitated the abandonment of the rope and the substitution of locomotives for bringing the trains up through the tunnel1 it became requisite to provide some efficient means of ventilation for clearing the tunnel speedily of the smoke and steam after the passage of each train4 ,a large exhausting fan has been designed by ,mr4 ,john ,ramsbottom for this purpose1 which works in a chamber situated near the middle of the length of the tunnel1 and draws the air in from the tunnel1 through a cross drift2 discharging it up a tapering chimney that extends to a considerable hight above the surface of the ground over the tunnel4 ,the fan is about thirty feet diameter1 and is made with straight radial vanes2 it revolves on a horizontal shaft at a speed of about forty-five revolutions per minute1 within a brick casing1 built concentric with the fan for the first half of the circumference1 and afterwards expanding gradually for discharging into the base of the chimney1 the air from the tunnel being drawn in at the center of the fan at each side1 and discharged from the circumference of the fan by the revolution of the vanes4 ,the engine driving the fan is started by telegraph signal at each departure of a train from the terminal station1 and the fan is kept running until the discharge from it becomes quite clear1 showing that no steam or smoke remains in the tunnel2 this is usually the case in about eight minutes after the time of the train entering the lower end of the tunnel1 the passage of the train through the tunnel occupying about three minutes4 ,the fan draws air in at both ends of the tunnel simultaneously1 and begins to clear the lower end immediately upon the train entering2 the clearing of the upper end commences as soon as the train has passed out of the tunnel1 and as the fan is situated nearer the upper end of the tunnel than the lower1 the clearing of both lengths is completed almost simultaneously4 ,the fan is so constructed as to allow an uninterrupted passage through it1 for the air1 whilst the fan is standing still2 and the natural ventilation thus obtained by means of the large chimney is found sufficient for clearing the tunnel during the night and some portion of the day1 without the fan being worked at those times4 ,this natural ventilation is aided by the engine exhaust and the boiler discharging into the chimney4 ,the fan has now been in regular operation for three-quarters of a year1 and has been found completely successful4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,impregnating ,,wood ,,with ,,tar ,,or ,,other ,,preserving ,,material4 ,the preservation of wood is a problem which is attracting increased attention1 as year by year diminishes the material supply of timber1 and consequently gradually increases its price4 ,among other methods employed1 the impregnation of wood by the vapors of tar1 creosote1 petroleum1 etc41 has been tried1 and one of the practical difficulties met with has been the obtaining of suitable apparatus for the purpose4 ,illustration ,the engraving annexed is an invention intended to supply this want4 ,the wood is inclosed1 in a tank kept hot by a steam jacket which surrounds it1 as shown4 ,a boiler at one end is used to heat the substance with which it is desired to impregnate the wood4 ,an air pump is also employed to remove the steam1 generated in the heated timber1 and the air from the tank4 ,the pores of the wood being thus rendered vacuous1 the hot liquid or vapors from the heating tank readily penetrate the entire substance1 and thoroughly impregnate it4 ,this apparatus is the invention of ,george ,pustkuchen1 of ,hoboken1 ,n4 ,j4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,boardman',s ,,combined ,,tool4 ,this tool1 of which our engraving is a good representation1 comprises a screw wrench1 a pipe wrench1 a hammer1 a nail claw1 a screw-driver1 and a bit handle1 or socket wrench4 ,the bit handle is the entire tool1 the square socket or opening being made in the end of the handle1 in which the shanks of bits may be inserted4 ,the screw driver is formed on the end of the screw bar1 attached to the outer jaw of the wrench1 and is taken out from the hollow of the handle when required for use4 ,the use of the other parts of the tool will be apparent from the engraving4 ,the tool is very compact1 and has this advantage over the ordinary screw wrench1 that its leverage increases as it is opened to receive nuts of larger size4 ,illustration ,this invention is protected by two patents1 dated respectively1 ,may #cj1 #ahfe1 and ,july #aj1 #ahff4 ,for further information address ,b4 ,boardman ,co41 ,norwich1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,belt ,,tightener4 ,illustration ,this instrument will be found of great service in bringing together the ends of belts1 the weight of which is so great that they cannot be held together by the hand while lacing4 ,a strap engages with holes made in the belt1 at the back of the holes punched for lacing1 the tightening strap being provided with claws or hooks1 as shown4 ,a winch axle and ratchet1 adjusted in a frame as shown1 are then employed to pull the ends of the belt together and hold them firmly till the lacing is completed4 ,this is the invention of ,t4 ,g4 ,stansberry1 of ,medora1 ,ill4 ,patented in ,september1 #ahfg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,some ,,things ,i ,,don',t ,,want ,,in ,,the ,,building ,,trades4 ,i don't want my house put in repair1 or rather out of repair1 by a master who employs ,jacks of all ,trades4 ,i don't want my foreman to tell me too much at one time about the faults of the workmen under him1 as ,i may forget asking him about himself4 ,i don't want a builder or carpenter to give a coat of paint to any joinery work he may be doing for me1 until ,i have examined first the material and workmanship4 ,i don't want any jobbing carpenter or joiner1 whom ,i may employ1 to bring a lump of putty in his tool basket4 ,i prefer leave the use of putty to the painters4 ,i don't want jobbing plumbers to spend three days upon the roof1 soldering up a crack in the gutter1 and1 when done1 leaving fresher cracks behind them4 ,the practice is something akin to cut and come again4 ,i don't want a contractor to undertake a job at a price that he knows will not pay1 and then throw the fault of his bankruptcy on that blackguard building4 ,i don't want any more hodmen to be carrying up the weight of themselves in their hod1 as well as their bricks2 ,i would much prefer seeing the poor human machines tempering the mortar or wheeling the barrow1 while the donkey engine1 the hydraulic lift1 or the old gray horse1 worked the pulley4 ,i don't want house doors to be made badly1 hung badly1 or composed of green and unseasoned timber4 ,i don't want houses built first and designed afterwards1 or1 rather1 wedged into shape1 and braced into form4 ,i don't want to be compelled to pay any workman a fair day's wages for a half day's work4 ,i don't want an employer to act towards his workmen as if he thought their sinews and thews were of iron1 instead of flesh and blood4 ,i don't want any kind of old rubbish of brick and stone to be bundled into walls and partitions1 and then plastered over hurry-skurry4 ,trade infamy1 like murder1 will out1 sooner or later4 ,i don't want men to wear flesh and bone1 and waste sweat and blood1 in forms of labor to which machinery can be applied1 and by which valuable human life and labor can be better and more profitably utilized4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,correspondence4 ,the ,editors are not responsible for the opinions expressed by their ,correspondents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,action ,,of ,,the ,,reciprocating ,,parts ,,of ,,steam ,,engines4 ,,messrs4 ,,editors3--,i have hesitated about the propriety of replying to the criticisms of your correspondent1 ,j4 ,e4 ,hendricks1 upon my paper1 on the action of the reciprocating parts of steam engines4 ,it is not to be expected that a truth so opposed to commonly received notions--the reception of which requires so much to be unlearned--should at once receive the assent of every one4 ,some odd fancies on the subject are likely to be ventilated first4 ,but your correspondent touches the root of the matter1 and perhaps the fact questioned by him should be more clearly placed beyond dispute4 ,i will dismiss the introductory part of his letter1 merely observing that his logical inference is quite gratuitous and unwarranted4 ,he says himself that its absurdity is obvious1 in which ,i quite agree with him4 ,the real question is this3 ,what is the figure representing the acceleration of the motion of a piston1 controlled by a crank which revolves with a uniform velocity8 ,i stated it to be a right-angled triangle1 and indicated1 as ,i supposed1 clearly enough1 a simple method by which this could be shown4 ,your correspondent claims that the calculation1 according to my own rule1 gives a figure of a totally different form1 and one that shows the acceleration1 as well as the motion1 to be reduced to zero at the commencement of the stroke4 ,let us see4 ,let the straight line1 ,,aj1 in the following figure1 represent half the stroke of the piston1 and let the distances1 ,,ab1 ,,ac1 etc41 on this line1 represent the versed sines of #aj1 #bj1 etc41 up to #ij1 or the motion of the piston while the crank is moving through these arcs4 ,at the points ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 etc41 erect the perpendiculars1 ,aa1 ,bb1 ,cc1 etc41 and let the length of each of these ordinates represent the acceleration imparted in a given time at that point of the stroke4 ,then will ,,aj be to ,aa as ,,ij is to ,ii1 as ,,hj is to ,hh1 etc41 showing that the straight line1 a,j1 connects the extremities of all the ordinates1 and that the triangle1 ,a,ja1 represents the acceleration of the motion of the piston1 from the commencement to the middle of the stroke4 ,illustration ,the following table will enable any one to make the calculations proving the truth of the above proposition3 ,degrees4 ,versed sine4 ,motion for #aj ,acceleration during #a4 #j 4#jjjjjjj ,aa 4#jjjcjdf #aj ,,ab 4#jaeaibb ,,ab 4#jaeaibb ,bb 4#jjjcjja #bj ,,ac 4#jfjcjgd ,,bc 4#jdeaaeb ,cc 4#jjjbhfb #cj ,,ad 4#accigdf ,,cd 4#jgcffgb ,dd 4#jjjbfch #dj ,,ae 4#bccieef ,,de 4#jiiihaj ,ee 4#jjjbccb #ej ,,af 4#cegbabd ,,ef 4#abcbefh ,ff 4#jjjaieh #fj ,,ag 4#ejjjjjj ,,fg 4#adbghgf ,gg 4#jjjaebc #gj ,,ah 4#fegigii ,,gh 4#aegigii ,hh 4#jjjajda #hj ,,ai 4#hbfceah ,,hi 4#afhcgai ,ii 4#jjjjebi #ij ,,aj #a4jjjjjjj ,,ij 4#agcfdhb ,jj 4#jjjjjjj ,the method of obtaining the decimals representing the acceleration for #a1 at any point1 was fully explained in the paper1 and compared with the similar method of showing the uniform acceleration of a body acted on by a constant force4 ,the ordinary tables in the hand-books1 going only to five places of decimals1 are of no use for these computations4 ,i would suggest a practical experiment4 ,let any one having an engine running at a good speed1 loosen the crank pin brasses a little1 so that1 at starting1 it will thump heavily4 ,let the engine be lightly loaded1 so that only a small portion of the boiler pressure will need to be admitted to the cylinder4 ,as its speed increases1 the thump will die away2 and1 if at its full speed1 the pressure of the steam admitted is not so great as to overcome the centrifugal strain of the reciprocating parts on the crank1 as it passes the centers1 the engine will revolve in silence4 ,any one can ascertain1 by the rule given in the note to the paper1 just what pressure can be admitted without causing a thump1 or this can be found by a little experimenting4 ,i am running an engine which does not thump with loose crank pin brasses1 under eighty pounds pressure1 admitted sharply on the centers4 ,charles ,t4 ,porter4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,answer ,,to ,,practical ,,problem4 ,,messrs4 ,,editors2--,i submit the following solution of ,practical ,problem on page #adg3 ,given ,,ab1 arm1 ,c1 arm1 ,d1 chord of half angle of oscillation of arm1 ,d1 and angles of arms1 with line ,,ab4 ,to find angles1 ,b,ac'1 ,a,bb1 and length of link1 ,e4 #a4 ,as the length of arm1 ,d1 is to the chord of arc1 ab1 divided by #b1 so is the radius to the sine angle oscillation of arm1 ,d1 divided by #d4 #b4 #cfj is to the whole circumference as the angle b,ba is to the length of arc ab4 #c4 ,now arc ab is equal to arc a'c'4 #d4 ,the whole circumference is to #cfj as the length of arc a'e' is to the angle oscillation of ,c divided by #b4 #e4 ,half angle oscillation1 ,c1 taken from angle ,b,aa' is equal to angle ,b,ac'4 #f4 ,half angle oscillation1 ,d1 taken from angle ,a,ba is equal to angle ,a,bb4 #g4 ,the diagonal of the rectangle formed by the 7sum of the sines of the angles of the arms with ,,ab7 into 7,,ab--sum of cosines of same7 will be the length of link1 ,e4 ,illustration ,g4 ,r4 ,,nash1 ,civil ,engineer4 ,north ,adams1 ,mass4 ,we have received other solutions of this problem1 but as this covers the ground in a very simple manner1 we think it will be sufficient4 ,those forwarding the solutions not published will accept our thanks and assurances that it is not because they lack merit that they are declined4--,,eds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,reciprocating ,,parts ,,of ,,steam ,,engines4 ,,messrs4 ,,editors3--,in one of the late numbers of your journal1 you publish a paper1 read by ,mr4 ,porter before some learned society in ,new ,york1 on something about the possibility or practicability of running a steam engine at a high rate of speed1 and claiming to give a scientific explanation of the why and wherefore4 ,now1 scientifically1 ,i know nothing about a steam engine2 practically1 ,i know how to stop and start one4 ,therefore1 you will understand that what ,i say is not as coming from one who claims to be wise above what is written1 but as simply being a statement of the case1 as it appears to one who wants to learn1 and takes this way to draw out the truth4 ,a scientific theory1 invested with all its sines1 coefficients1 and other paraphernalia1 is a very pretty thing to look at1 no doubt1 for those who understand it1 and1 when properly applied1 is invaluable2 but when1 as in this case1 a practical question is to be decided1 by the aid of a scientific demonstration1 it will not do to throw aside the main elements of the problem1 or any1 in fact1 of the minor points1 no matter how trivial they may appear4 ,mr4 ,porter's labors were strictly of a scientific nature4 ,he starts out with the proposition that what he is about to explain is very simple1 and very likely it is2 but1 for one1 ,i can't see it1 and ,i want more light4 ,he says that it takes a certain number of pounds to overcome the inertia of the reciprocating parts of a certain weight1 to give it a certain speed4 ,what is inertia8 ,he says1 we will not take into account the friction of parts4 ,now1 my understanding of this point is1 that friction is practically one of the main elements in the problem4 ,how can we hope to obtain a correct solution when he rubs out one of the terms of the equation8 ,what is friction doing all the time1 while he is theoretically having his reciprocating parts storing up power and then giving it out again1 just at the right time1 and in the right quantity8 ,what an immense amount of iron has been wasted by being cast into fly wheels1 when a fraction of the amount1 if only put into cross heads1 would render fly wheels unnecessary6 ,mr4 ,porter stops short in his discussion4 ,he should have added a table giving the proportionate length of stroke1 weight of parts1 and number of revolutions required to produce the effect of an engine running at a high speed1 without the least fraction of inequality in the strain on the crank1 and then the sun would have fairly risen in the dawn of a new era for the steam engine4 ,but1 as it is so very simple1 we can all figure it out for ourselves4 ,in the diagram ,mr4 ,porter gives1 to illustrate the travel of the piston1 he wets his finger and draws it over another term in the equation 7a method of elimination not taught by ,hutton1 ,davies1 and other mathematicians74 ,it is a quick way1 but is it correct8 ,he says1 the distance traveled by the piston is the versed sine of an angle formed by a line from the center of the crank pin1 in any part of its stroke to the center of the circle described by the crank pin1 leaving out of the calculation the angular vibration of the connecting rod4 ,what he means by the angular vibration1 ,i do not know4 ,he is wrong in the statement4 ,if he will think of it he will see it4 ,if he meant to say that the piston's travel was measured by the versed sine of the angle formed by the connecting rod and the line of horizontal centers1 he is wrong again1 yet nearer the truth than before1 just as the proportion between the length of the connecting rod and the half diameter of the circle described by the crank pin4 ,this can quickly be seen by supposing the connecting rod to be detached1 and allowed to fall down on the center line1 at any part of the stroke4 ,if he understood this 7as no doubt he did71 he should not ignore the facts4 ,what ,i am aiming at is this4 ,when a man attempts to demonstrate a thing mathematically1 he must take into his calculation everything essentially connected with the problem1 just exactly as it is1 and not as he would have it2 otherwise1 he cannot1 by any possibility1 attain a correct result4 ,when he claims1 as now1 the practicability of running engines at a high speed1 ,i think he is claiming too much4 ,build an engine of proper materials1 make it strong1 and fit everything as it should be1 balance crank and fly wheel to a nicety1 keep everything snugly in its place1 and the terrors of a quick stroke vanish4 ,s4 ,w4 ,h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,test ,,for ,,white ,,lead4 ,,messrs4 ,,editors3--,i have read1 with much interest1 ,dr4 ,chandler's colorimetric test of the purity of white lead1 as published in the ,,scientific ,,american sometime ago4 ,i enclose another test1 which1 though not new1 is of value to all using white lead on account of its simplicity and effectiveness4 ,it has been in use here for nearly two years1 and has been found reliable4 ,having never seen it in print1 ,i have tried to put it in as simple words as possible4 ,,felix ,,mcardle1 ,analytical ,chemist4 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,take a piece of firm1 close grained charcoal1 and1 near one end of it1 scoop out a cavity about half an inch in diameter and a quarter of an inch in depth4 ,place in the cavity a sample1 of the lead to be tested1 about the size of a small pea1 and apply to it continuously the blue or hottest part of the flame of the blow pipe2 if the sample be strictly pure1 it will in a very short time1 say in two minutes1 be reduced to metallic lead1 leaving no residue2 but if it be adulterated to the extent of ten per cent4 only1 with oxide of zinc1 sulphate of baryta1 whiting or any other carbonate of lime1 7which substances are now the only adulterations used71 or if it be composed entirely of these materials1 as is sometimes the case with cheap lead1 it cannot be reduced1 but will remain on the charcoal an infusible mass4 ,dry white lead1 7carbonate of lead7 is composed of metallic lead1 oxygen and carbonic acid1 and1 when ground with linseed oil1 forms the white lead of commerce4 ,when it is subjected to the above treatment1 the oil is first burned off1 and then at a certain degree of heat1 the oxygen and carbonic acid are set free1 leaving only the metallic lead from which it was manufactured4 ,if1 however1 there be present in the sample any of the above mentioned adulterations1 they cannot of course be reduced to metallic lead1 and cannot be reduced1 by any heat of the blow pipe flame1 to their own metallic bases2 and being intimately incorporated and ground with the carbonate of lead1 they prevent it from being reduced4 ,it is well1 after blowing upon the sample1 say for half a minute1 by which time the oil will be burned off1 to loosen the sample from the charcoal1 with a knife blade or spatula1 in order that the flame may pass under as well as over and against it4 ,with proper care the lead will run into one button1 instead of scattering over the charcoal1 and this is the reason why the cavity above mentioned is necessary4 ,a common star candle or a lard oil lamp furnishes the best flame for use of the blow pipe2 a coal oil lamp should not be used4 ,by the above test1 after a little practice1 so small an adulteration as one or two per cent4 can be detected2 it is1 however1 only a test of the purity or impurity of a lead1 and if found adulterated1 the degree or percentage of adulteration cannot be well ascertained by it4 ,jewellers usually have all the necessary apparatus for making the test1 and any one of them can readily make it by observing the above directions1 and from them can be obtained a blow pipe at small cost4 ,if you have no open package of the lead to be tested1 a sample can most easily be obtained by boring into the side or top of a keg with a gimlet1 and with it taking out the required quantity2 care should be used to free it entirely from the borings or particles of wood1 and it should not be larger than the size mentioned2 a larger quantity can be reduced1 but of course more time will be required1 and the experiment cannot be so neatly performed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,how ,,to ,,build ,a ,,chimney4 ,,messrs4 ,,editors3--,i am satisfied that a great many fires originate through poorly constructed chimneys2 and1 although not a bricklayer by trade1 ,i would offer a few hints how to construct a fire-proof chimney4 ,let the bed be laid of brick and mortar1 iron1 or stone2 then the workman should take a brick in his left hand1 and with the trowel1 draw the mortar upon the end of the brick1 from the under side1 and not from the outside edge1 as is usual4 ,then1 by pressing the brick against the next one1 the whole space between the two bricks will be filled with mortar2 and so he should point up the inside as perfectly as the outside1 as he proceeds4 ,by drawing the mortar on the edge of the brick1 the space between the ends will not always be entirely filled1 and will make 7where the inside pointing is not attended to7 a leaky and unsafe chimney1 which1 if not kept clear of soot1 will1 in burning out1 stand a good chance of setting the building on fire4 ,the best thing that ,i know of1 to put the fire out in a burning chimney is salt2 but the matter of first importance1 after having a chimney properly constructed1 is to keep it clean4 ,,austin ,b4 ,,culver4 ,westfield1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,crystallized ,,honey4 ,,messrs4 ,,editors3--,please allow me to say to the querist who1 through your columns1 asks what to do with crystalline honey1 that if he will doctor it with almost any artificial honey of the day1 it will not become like lard in cold weather1 which change is a natural proof that it is pure4 ,for almost any purpose1 pure honey is preferable to that which has been adulterated1 but purity is a minor consideration with many4 ,next we shall hear of some fastidious customer who objects to pure lard1 because it looks white when cold4 ,to such we would recommend lard oil as a great improvement1 especially for cooking purposes4 ,a4 ,m4 ,b4 ,louisville1 ,ky4 99 99 99 99 99 ,for the ,scientific ,american4 ,,rambles ,,for ,,relics4 ,,number ,,ii4 ,at a depth of fifteen feet1 we were about to suspend our labors1 supposing from the nature and uniformly dark color of the earth1 that we had reached the surface of the alluvium1 when a sign of the inevitable wood and bark layer was seen in a crevice4 ,an excavation1 five or six feet1 into the wall1 revealed the skeleton of a man laid at length1 having an extra coverlid of wooden material4 ,eighteen large oblong beads1 an ax of polished green stone1 eleven arrow points1 and five implements of bone 7to be described7 were deposited on the left side2 and a few small beads1 an ornamental shell pin1 two small hatchets1 and a sharp-pointed flint knife or lance1 eight inches long1 having a neck or projection at the base1 suitable for a handle1 or for insertion in a shaft1 on the right side4 ,the earth behind the skull being removed1 three enormous conch shells presented their open mouths4 ,one of my assistants started back as if the ghost of the departed had come to claim the treasure preserved1 in accordance with superstitious notions1 for its journey to the happy lands4 ,the alarm seemed to be a warning1 for at the moment the embankment1 overloaded on one side1 caved in1 nearly burying three workmen1 myself1 and a spectator4 ,our tools being at the bottom of the heap1 and the wall on the other side1 shaken by the falling earth1 giving tokens of a change of base1 our prospects of a ready deliverance were not very hopeful4 ,the bystanders1 however1 went to work with their hands1 and we were soon relieved1 not without casualty1 the spectator having the worst of it4 ,struggling to extricate himself1 instead of abiding his time1 he dragged one leg out of the pile shorter than the other4 ,the occurrence of marine shells in a burial depository1 especially of the varieties pyrula and oliva1 four or five hundred miles from the ,gulf and that portion of the ,southern coast where the mollusks exist1 bears upon the question of migration and tribal intercourse1 and the commercial value of these articles4 ,obtained from a distance and regarded as precious commodities1 they were used in exchange1 for the material of ornaments1 and for choice utensils4 ,only two or three of these shells have been found in a perfect condition1 but defective ones are frequent1 with fragments1 cuttings1 and various trinkets made out of them--such as ornamental pins1 needles1 crosses1 buttons1 amulets1 engraved plates1 and beads4 ,from one of the specimens recovered from the mound sepulchre1 the spire and columella had been removed1 leaving a hollow utensil4 ,it would have been suitable for a water vessel1 but for a hole in the bottom1 which had furnished a button-shaped ornament1 or piece of money1 which was found with the relic1 and exactly corresponded to the orifice4 ,the twirled end of the shell1 however1 had been improved for a handle by shallow cavities1 one on the inside slanting from the middle longitudinal line1 and one crossing that line at right angles on the convex side1 so as to be fitted to the thumb and fore finger of the left hand1 suggesting a use of the implement as a shield1 or a mask held before the face4 ,adair speaks of large shells in use by the ,indians of his time 7#agce71 suspended about the neck for shields1 and regarded as badges of priestly dignity4 ,a trench was dug on the east side of the mound1 nearly corresponding in dimensions to the one on the west side1 making the length of the whole excavation1 including the central cavity1 thirty-two feet4 ,in the last opening1 eight skeletons were exhumed2 the mode of burial was the same throughout4 ,the only article of value recovered was a curiously wrought pipe of stone1 having a figure head representing the human face1 which ,i have put down in a list of articles stolen1 and which the thief can describe better than the writer4 ,after filling up all the gaps1 and levelling the surface to suit the taste of the proprietor1 we closed our labors on the mound in the ,bent4 ,of the skulls collected1 it is sufficient to say that they belong to the short heads1 the length and breadth having a comparative medium proportion1 a common form of cranium in the mounds of ,tennessee4 ,of stone implements ,i specify an ax of serpentine1 ten inches long1 two thick1 and four broad1 having plain sides and a straight edge ground down on both of the flat faces2 hatchets 7tomahawks7 of green stone1 flint1 and diorite1 from five to eight inches long1 with rounded faces and sides1 contracted to an edge at one end1 and to a flat heel at the other2 a wedge of black slate1 seven inches long and half an inch thick1 of a square finish on the faces and sides and at the heel1 which was diminished two inches1 as compared with the length of the edge2 hatchets with a serrated edge at each end1 plane on both sides1 convex on one face and flat on the other4 ,with one skeleton was deposited a set of tools1 eight in number1 of the species of rock before mentioned1 varying in length from two to eight inches4 ,their peculiarity consists in a variety of shapes--no two being precisely alike--and in their fitness to various uses1 such as carving1 hacking1 paring1 and grooving4 ,the smallest of them1 having a square finish1 was held by the thumb and two fingers1 and is suitable for cutting lines and figures in wood and shells4 ,specimens of this art were furnished from the mound4 ,the largest number might serve for hatchets1 chisels1 and gouges4 ,one had been ground in the form of a cylinder five inches long and an inch thick1 and then cut an inch on two sides to an edge1 and worked into a handle with a round bead1 from the center of the elliptical faces4 ,it might be used for chipping wood and stone4 ,one answered the purpose of a cold chisel2 another was somewhat similar1 but had a hollow face reduced to a curved edge for grooving4 ,these polished instruments1 wrought with much care1 seemed intended for use by the hand rather than for insertion in a handle or socket1 or attachment to a shaft by means of a strap or withe4 ,only one was perforated4 ,the drilling through granite1 quartz1 and diorite1 without the use of metal1 was a severe labor1 even for savage patience4 ,a long knife of silex1 with a wrought handle1 lance heads1 leaf shaped1 of the same material1 of beautiful workmanship1 arrow points of fine finish1 furnished1 with others before mentioned1 an assortment of arms4 ,several flint points1 though only an inch long1 were curved like a cimeter1 and used probably as flaying instruments4 ,true disks1 of various mineral substances1 from an inch to five inches in diameter1 having convex faces1 complete the list of stone implements4 ,those of bone comprise several like hollow chisels1 sharpened at one end1 and pierced through one face1 near the other extremity1 so as to be fastened to a handle2 these were used for dressing skins4 ,one was formed like a poniard1 with a worked hilt4 ,with these may be connected arrow heads and sharp pointed weapons of the worked antlers of the stag1 and tusks of the wild boar4 ,of ornaments1 ,i noticed pins used for dressing the hair1 made of the columns of large sea shells4 ,the head is generally round1 sometimes oval1 from an eighth to a half of an inch in diameter1 retaining the diagonal groove of the pillar from which it is made4 ,the stems vary in length from one to six inches4 ,it would be tedious even to classify ornamental beads and buttons of shell work1 such as are usually found in the mounds4 ,these trinkets are perforated1 and1 in addition to their being articles of dress1 were used probably as wampum1 the currency of the recent ,indians4 ,a miscellaneous collection includes a hematite stone1 wrought in the shape of a cup weighing half a pound2 when rubbed or ground it furnished the war paint of the savages2 also the extremity of a copper tube1 two inches long2 needles in bone and shell1 from an inch to six inches long1 with grooves round the head1 to serve the purpose of eyes2 and plates of mica4 ,the use of mica plates1 which are found of large size in some of the ,western mounds1 has excited some inquiry4 ,of a certain thickness1 they make good mirrors4 ,beside their use for ornamental purposes1 they were probably looking-glasses of the beauties of the stone age4 ,there was also found a pipe of soap stone1 having a stem five inches long1 and a bowl with a broad brim1 like a ,quaker's hat4 ,of earthenware1 there was an endless variety of fragments of the usual black1 grey1 or red compressed clay1 mixed with pulverized shells or stones4 ,one kind ,i have never seen described4 ,the sherds had a red coating on both sides1 an eighth of an inch in thickness1 evidently not a paint or a glaze4 ,the red coloring might have come from the pottery being burnt in the open air1 instead of baked in a furnace1 were not the layer of uniform thickness and of homogeneous paste1 unlike the material of the vessel1 which was a gray mixture of clay and particles of shells4 ,i give the above memoranda to the general fund of information1 touching a subject that invites inquiry on account of its novelty and ethnological importance4 ,every examination of the monumental remains of the ancient ,americans brings to light some new feature in structure or type of rudimental art4 ,and since archology has become a science1 investigators1 for half a century1 may be looking about for facts to complete the system auspiciously introduced by the antiquarians of ,northern ,europe1 and advanced in our own country by the researches of ,caleb ,atwater 7,archologia ,americana7 and by those of the ,smithsonian contributors to knowledge1 especially ,squier and ,davis4 ,,rambler4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,small ,,water ,,wheel4--,there is in the town of ,meriden1 ,conn41 a ,leffel double turbine wheel1 running under #bdj feet fall and driving a manufactory4 ,it uses only about one-half of a square inch of water1 and runs at the marvelous speed of #c1jjj revolutions per minute1 or #ej revolutions per second1 which is by far the most rapid rate of motion ever imparted to a water wheel4 ,this is1 also1 beyond comparison the greatest fall applied to the propulsion of a wheel in ,america4 ,the wheel at ,meriden is of the most diminutive size1 scarcely exceeding in dimensions the old-fashioned turnip watches which our grandfathers used to carry in their capacious vest pockets4 ,the complete success of this wheel has attracted much attention and affords further evidence of the wide range of adaptability of the ,leffel turbine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,for the ,scientific ,american4 ,,silk ,,culture4 ,,by ,w4 ,v4 ,,andrews4 ,a vague notion that silk culture ought to form one of the industrial pursuits of the ,american people seems to be prevalent enough2 but it does not take practical hold upon anybody4 ,the nearest approach to anything practical which we have seen1 in late years--excepting1 of course1 what has been done in ,california--occurred in ,new ,york in ,july last1 when a number of gentlemen pledged themselves1 according to a report given in the ,tribune of ,july #cj1 to promote the native silk trade4 ,the gentlemen present at the meeting represented the most prominent silk manufacturing and importing houses in this country4 ,what these gentlemen have since done towards promoting the native silk trade1 ,i do not know1 but1 having pledged themselves1 it is presumed they have done something4 ,at the meeting1 of which the ,tribune article is a report1 dags1 and other things1 manufactured from ,california silk1 were exhibited2 and the report goes on to say that ,mr4 ,warren also exhibited samples of native and foreign cocoons1 and of raw and thrown silk1 together with the common ,cecropia and ,bombyx ,cynthia1 species of silkworms which feed upon oak leaves4 99 99 ,also the ,bombyx ,yamamai which feeds upon mulberry leaves2 also the ,bombyx ,pernyi1 of which the cocoons are early as good as the cocoons of worms fed upon mulberry leaves4 ,i have given this extract1 word for word1 as it stands in the columns of the ,tribune1 because it contains more blunders of one kind or another than ,i remember ever to have seen in so many words4 ,cecropia is certainly not very particular as to its food1 but it is not an oak feeder4 ,cynthia will thrive on nothing except ailanthus1 though it will eat one or two other things1 but not oak4 ,the ,yamamai1 on the other hand1 will eat oak1 indeed it is its natural food2 but ,mr4 ,warren errs greatly when he says that it will feed on mulberry4 ,the last clause of the sentence1 which says that cocoons of ,pernyi are nearly as good as those of worms fed on mulberry leaves1 must be a sort of entomological joke1 of which the point is not discoverable by me1 so ,i pass it over4 ,i do not1 however1 notice this report on account of its grammatical and entomological mistakes4 ,it is because of the evil effects it may1 and probably will1 have on amateur silk culturists1 that ,i notice it2 for most assuredly1 failure will be the result of all attempts to produce silk cocoons by feeding the caterpillars of the different moths on the food prescribed by ,mr4 ,warren4 ,any patriotic1 money making farmer1 who believes in the ,tribune1 purchasing ,yamamai eggs and setting his worms to feed upon mulberry1 which they refuse to eat1 and consequently1 all die1 will probably give up silk culture as being nothing more or less than a humbug4 ,and thus the cause is injured4 ,for several years past1 ,i have made some experiments in the rearing of the silkworms1 giving the result of my experience in the first year in ,vol4 ,,ii41 page #caa1 of the ,american ,naturalist2 and of a subsequent year in the ,entomologist1 for ,november1 #ahfi4 ,the paper in the ,naturalist is devoted to my experiments with the ailanthus silkworm1 ,samia ,cynthia 7,g4 ,r471 a naturalized species from the ,east4 ,in that paper1 ,i have said all that is necessary to say at present1 on that species1 except perhaps that ,i am further convinced1 from the inspection of samples of sewing and other silks1 made from the cocoons of ,cynthia1 that one day it will be reared very extensively in the ,united ,states4 ,it is perfectly hardy1 is double brooded1 and may be reared by any one possessed of a few acres of land1 which may be good enough for growing ailanthus trees1 but not good enough to grow any thing else4 ,the labor of a few old men1 or women1 or even children1 is sufficient for the purpose4 ,the cost is therefore trifling4 ,the objection to the cultivation of ,cynthia is that the cocoon cannot be reeled4 ,but it can be carded1 and if the ,chinese can make excellent silk goods from it1 why cannot we8 ,i suspect1 too1 that ,cynthia silk can be worked in with cotton1 or1 perhaps1 woolen goods1 adding to their beauty and durability 7for it is indestructible in wear71 and thus open up branches of manufacture hitherto unknown4 ,for manufacturers of coarse goods1 ,i have no doubt that the silk from our native silk moths1 ,cecropia and ,polyphemus1 may be used4 ,indeed1 ,i believe that ,m4 ,trouvelot is of opinion that ,polyphemus may fairly enter into competition with ,bombyx mori1 the ordinary mulberry silkworm4 ,the worm1 however1 is rather difficult to rear4 ,in reference1 however1 to ,bombyx mori1 it is well known that the silk crop in ,france and ,italy has been reduced greatly1 and the price of silk goods consequently enhanced1 by prevalence of disease among the worms4 ,so much is this the case1 that silk breeders have been obliged to look around for some silk-producing moths whose products may1 at any rate1 supplement the deficient crop4 ,cynthia1 as already mentioned as one of these1 and two others mentioned by ,warren in the ,tribune reports above adverted to1 are at present the subjects of experiment4 ,my article mentioned before as appearing in the ,american ,entomologist is mainly devoted to my experiments1 and those of my correspondents1 with ,yamamai1 which1 as ,i said before1 is an oak feeder4 ,in ,japan1 which is its native country1 it feeds1 in its wild state1 on ,quercus serrata4 ,whether that oak be found in ,america1 ,i do not know1 but it is of little importance1 as the worm will feed on almost any species of oak1 although ,i think that it prefers white oak4 ,the importance of acclimatizing new species of silk moths is of so much prospective importance1 that ,i shall devote the remainder of this article to the consideration of whether ,yamamai and ,pernyi may not be naturalized here4 ,any one1 who happens to have the number of the ,entomologist containing the article above alluded to1 may find it worth while to read it1 but as many persons may not be able to obtain that number1 ,i will here repeat the substance of my remarks1 adding as much new matter as subsequent experience has afforded4 ,the silk from the ,yamamai being considered superior to that produced by any other of the substitute silk moths1 great efforts have been made in ,europe to acclimatize it2 but1 it must be confessed1 hitherto with but slight success4 ,there are exceptions1 however1 particularly among amateurs in ,germany1 sufficient to show that success is possible4 ,the ,baron de ,bretton raises about #bg1jjj cocoons annually4 ,in this country but little has been done1 or attempted1 and that little has not been very successful4 ,the fact is1 that ,yamamai is a difficult moth to rear in a country like this1 where in early spring the temperature varies so much2 but that success is possible1 ,i am convinced4 ,the moth emerges from the cocoon in the latter part of the summer1 copulates1 lays its eggs1 and of course dies4 ,and now the trouble commences2 that is1 with eggs laid1 say in ,japan1 from whence we mainly get our supplies4 ,as soon as the egg is laid1 the young larva commences its formation1 which in a short time 7about one month7 is perfected4 ,it lies in the egg in a quiescent state till early spring4 ,if the egg remain in the country where it is laid1 and is kept at a pretty even temperature1 and free from damp1 the caterpillar emerges in a healthy condition4 ,but if it be removed some thousands of miles1 passing in the transit from heat to cold1 and back to heat again3 and if1 in addition1 it be closely confined in a damp place1 with little or no circulation of air1 the egg is attacked by a fungus which sometimes prevents the worm from emerging at all2 or1 if it emerge1 it is in a sickly condition4 ,that these conditions obtain in the transit of eggs1 from ,japan to ,europe1 and thence to ,america1 is evident enough2 and it may1 therefore1 require the efforts of many persons1 continued for a long time1 to enable us to acclimatize the ,yamamai4 ,but this is all that is required1 and ,i feel confident that ultimate success is certain4 ,on hatching out1 the worm is of a brimstone yellow1 and thinly covered with strong hairs2 after the second month it is greenish1 with black1 longitudinal streaks1 and the thread a dull coral red color4 ,after the third month it becomes of a fine apple green1 with yellow tubercles on each segment1 from which issue a few black hairs4 ,the head and legs are chocolate brown1 the prolegs reddish1 and the first segment edged with pinkish color4 ,the greatest care is necessary1 as the spring advances1 to prevent the eggs from hatching before the oak buds are ready for them1 and the temperature must be regulated with the greatest nicety4 ,if the eggs can be kept somewhere about #ej deg4 ,fah41 it would be quite safe2 higher than that the mercury should not be allowed to rise1 till you are quite ready for the worms1 and1 on the other hand1 the eggs should not be allowed to freeze4 ,on emerging from the eggs1 the worms should be allowed either to crawl to the oak branches1 or rather to sprigs obtained for that purpose1 the end of which should be placed in a jar1 or bottle1 of water1 or the worms may be placed on gently with a camel-hair brush4 ,the leaves should be well sprinkled with clean water that the caterpillars may drink4 ,from some cause1 not well understood1 the young caterpillars have a tendency to wander2 and if care be not taken many may be lost4 ,to prevent this1 it is well to cover the branches with a gauze bag1 tied tightly around the stems1 and close to the bottle4 ,care must also be taken that the caterpillars do not find their way into the water1 which they assuredly will if they have the opportunity1 committing suicide in the most reckless manner4 ,if the number of caterpillars be few1 it is a good plan to place them at the outset with their food1 in a wide-mouthed bottle1 covering the mouth with gauze4 ,the branches1 particularly if the weather be warm1 must still be occasionally sprinkled1 so that the caterpillars may have the opportunity of drinking4 ,it must be remembered that experiment is necessary in rearing ,yamamai1 but one thing is ascertained1 and that is1 that the worms must not be exposed to direct sunshine1 at least not after seven or eight in the morning4 ,if the spring be warm1 ,i am inclined to think that a northeastern exposure is the best1 and we may sum up by saying1 that comparatively cool and moist seasons are more favorable to success that hot1 dry weather4 ,in ,america the worms suffer in the early spring1 from the rapid changes of temperature1 #dj at #i ,a4,m4 increasing to #gj in the afternoon and falling off to freezing point during the night4 ,the worms cannot stand this4 ,they become torpid1 refuse to eat1 and consequently die4 ,to prevent this1 if the nights be cold1 they must be placed where no such change of temperature can occur4 ,it is scarcely necessary to say that an ample supply of fresh food must be always supplied1 but it may not be amiss to say that it is well1 when supplying fresh branches1 to remove the worms from the old to the new4 ,the best way of doing this is to clip off the branch1 or leaf1 on which the worm is resting1 and tie1 pin1 or in some way affix the same to the new branches4 ,if this be not done1 they will continue to eat the old leaf1 even if it be withered1 and this induces disease4 ,if the worm has fastened itself for the purpose of moulting1 the best way is to remove the entire branch1 clipping off all the dried leaves before so removing it4 ,these remarks apply1 in general1 to the treatment of all silkworms1 except ,bombyx mori4 ,the results of numerous experiments with ,yamamai go to show that it is1 as ,i said before1 a difficult worm to rear2 but it has been reared near ,new ,york to the extent of eight hundred cocoons out of sixteen hundred eggs1 and this1 although not a remunerative result1 is encouraging4 ,the ,chinese silk moth1 ,aulterea ,pernyi1 also an oak feeder1 has been successfully raised by me and by others1 for several years4 ,eggs have been sold to persons in ,states widely separated1 and the results show that this worm is perfectly hardy4 ,the moth winters in the cocoon1 emerges early in ,may1 if the weather be warm1 pairs readily1 and lays from #aej to #bjj eggs4 ,these hatch out in about fourteen days1 and like ,yamamai1 always about #e or #f o'clock in the morning4 ,it is necessary to be on the alert to catch them on hatching only1 and to remember that they are vagabonds1 even to a greater extent than ,yamamai4 ,consequently similar precautions must be taken4 ,the worm on emerging from the egg is large1 and of a chocolate-brown color4 ,after the first month it becomes of a yellowish green2 head1 pale brown2 feet and prolegs of nearly the same color4 ,the body has numerous reddish tubercles1 from which issue a few reddish hairs4 ,at the base of some of the tubercles on the anterior segments are silvery patches4 ,the ,pernyi worm is much more easily reared than that of ,yamamai1 but still great care is needed2 fresh food of course is essential1 and a slight sprinkling of the branches and worms in very warm weather is advisable2 although it is not so necessary as with ,yamamai4 ,it is remarkable that ,pernyi worms1 fed in the open air1 on oak trees1 do not1 at present1 thrive so well as those fed in-doors1 but this1 doubtless1 is a question of acclimation4 ,i advise white oak 7,quercus alba7 as food1 if it can be readily obtained1 but failing that1 pin oak 7,quercus palustris7 will do2 and ,i have no doubt that they will feed on any kind of oak4 ,they will1 indeed1 feed on birch1 and on sweet gum 7,liquidambar71 but oak is the proper food4 ,it is worthy of remark that ,pernyi bears a strong resemblance to our ,polyphemus1 but it is more easily reared in confinement1 and double brooded2 an important fact for the silk culturist4 ,from ,american reared eggs1 ,i obtained cocoons as early as ,july #dth1 the perfect insect emerging on ,july #ca4 ,copulation immediately ensued1 and the resulting eggs hatched only on ,august #ab1 ten days only from the time of laying2 and as the worm feeds up in about four or five weeks1 this affords plenty of time for rearing the second brood4 ,it must be remembered that on the quantity and quality of food1 much depends1 not only with ,pernyi but with all caterpillars4 ,by furnishing food sparingly the time of feeding would be much prolonged4 ,i have already said that both ,yamamai and ,pernyi should be fed under shelter for the reasons given1 but there is another reason of less importance4 ,the young worms are liable to be attacked by spiders and wasps1 and even after the second month1 they are not safe from these enemies4 ,i have seen a wasp bite a large caterpillar in two1 carry off the anterior section and return for the posterior1 which had held on by its prolegs4 ,did the wasp anticipate this fact1 and therefore carry off the anterior part first8 ,as to the spiders1 they form a series of pulleys and hoist the caterpillar off its legs1 sucking its juices at leisure4 ,and now ,i must devote a few words to the advisability of silk culture from a pecuniary point of view4 ,bombyx mori1 or the ordinary mulberry silkworm1 is1 of course1 the best to rear1 if you can obtain healthy eggs4 ,but this is the difficulty1 and thence arises the necessity of cultivating other silk-producing species4 ,i imagine that silk can be produced in most of the ,states of the ,union1 and manufactured from the cocoon at a large profit2 but for the present1 we will leave the manufacture out of the question1 and consider only1 whether it will not pay to rear eggs and cocoons for sale8 ,it must be remembered that ,european manufacturers are at this moment largely dependent on foreign countries for the supply of both eggs and cocoons2 and this1 because of the general prevalence of disease among all the races of ,bombyx mori4 ,and now1 to what extent does the reader suppose this dependence exists8 ,of cocoons ,i have no returns at hand1 but1 of raw silk1 ,european manufacturers purchase1 annually1 not less than #afj1jjj1jjj worth2 and of eggs 7,bombyx mori7 to the value of #aj1jjj1jjj4 ,this1 then1 is a business of no trifling amount4 ,california seems to be alive to the fact1 and1 ,i am informed1 raised1 this last season1 #c1jjj1jjj cocoons2 and1 for sale1 about #d1jjj ounces of eggs1 worth at least #d per ounce1 wholesale4 ,now1 there is no earthly reason why ,california should monopolize this business4 ,why are not companies formed in other ,states for this purpose8 or if private individuals lack the enterprise or the means1 why do not the legislatures1 of those ,states most favorably located1 do something by way of starting the business8 ,a few thousand dollars loaned1 or even donated1 may prove to be a valuable investment for the people at large1 and1 even supposing a failure1 would not be a very great loss to any body4 ,so far as farmers are concerned1 it may interest them to know that one man in ,england1 ,capt4 ,mason1 clears #ej per acre by rearing silkworms 7,bombyx mori in this case71 and ,i much doubt whether any crop raised here pays as well4 ,by way of commencement1 then1 let everybody that has sufficient leisure set to work1 and rear as many silkworms1 of the above-named species1 as he possibly can2 and if the process be not remunerative in a pecuniary sense1 it most assuredly will be in the amount of pleasure and knowledge obtained4 ,one caution ,i must give to those who cultivate ,bombyx mori4 ,although ,yamamai requires sprinkled branches1 ,bombyx mori does not2 nor must the leaves be furnished to them while wet with rain or dew4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,effect ,,of ,,cold ,,upon ,,iron4--,the article upon this subject1 giving experiments of ,fairbairn and others1 referred to in our editorial upon the same subject1 in our last issue1 was crowded out by press of matter4 ,the reader will find it in the present number4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,universal ,,boring ,,machine4 ,our readers will recollect an illustrated description of an universal wood-working machine1 published on page #gi1 ,vol4 ,,xiii4 of the ,,scientific ,,american4 ,the machine herewith illustrated is manufactured by the same firm1 and is a valuable addition to the many excellent wood-working machines now in use4 ,a boring machine1 though one of the simplest1 is by no means an unimportant adjunct to a full outfit of wood-working machines4 ,the one shown in our engraving is one of the most complete ever brought to our notice1 and the great variety of work it is capable of performing1 renders the name chosen for it peculiarly applicable4 ,it is called the ,universal ,boring ,machine because the most prominent feature of its construction is its power to bore a hole in any desired angle with the axis of the bit4 ,any sized bit required is inserted into the chuck1 which is adjustable to fit large and small shanks4 ,the mandrel which carries the chuck is made to traverse by a foot lever1 so as to bore any depth up to twelve inches4 ,the mandrel is driven by belt from a cone pulley of three faces1 which gives the proper speeds for different sized bits4 ,slots and stops upon the table enable the work to be set at any desired angle on the horizontal plane1 while the table can be set on an incline to any angle not exceeding forty-five degrees4 ,the table is twenty-one inches wide1 with fifteen inches slide1 and it can be raised or lowered fifteen inches4 ,the countershaft rests in self-adjusting boxes1 and has a tight and a loose pulley eight inches in diameter4 ,the traversing mandrel is of the best quality of steel1 and the machine is otherwise made of iron in a substantial manner4 ,illustration3 ,mc,b,e,t,h1 ,,bentel1 ,,margedant',s ,,universal ,,boring ,,machine4 ,the several adjustments enable the operator to do all kinds of light and heavy boring1 with ease and with great rapidity4 ,this machine was awarded the first premium at the ,cincinnati ,industrial ,exposition1 in ,october1 #ahgj1 and was patented through the ,scientific ,american ,patent ,agency1 ,aug4 #af1 #ahgj4 ,it is manufactured by ,mc,beth1 ,bentel and ,margedant1 of ,hamilton1 ,ohio1 whom address for machines rights to manufacture1 or other information4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,combined ,,trunk ,,and ,,rocking ,,chair4 ,a unique invention1 calculated to increase the comforts of travellers on steamboats1 ships1 and in crowded rooms of hotels1 is illustrated in the engraving published herewith4 ,it is the invention of ,t4 ,nye1 of ,westbrook1 ,me41 and was patented by him1 ,june #ah1 #ahfg4 ,it is a combined trunk and rocking chair4 ,the rockers are made to fold into recesses1 where they are retained by suitable appliances till wanted4 ,the trunk being opened1 as shown1 forms a back to the seat1 which is held by metallic braces4 ,when closed1 the whole presents the appearance of an ordinary trunk4 ,illustration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cosmetics4 ,the extensive use of preparations for hiding nature's bloom on the human countenance1 and presenting to our view a sort of metallic plaster1 suggests the inquiry1 how are these pigments made8 ,without going into an unnecessary analysis of the ,bloom of ,youth1 the ,rejuvenator1 the ,corpse ,decorator1 or the other inventions for destroying the skin1 with which the druggists' stores abound1 we may state again the fact1 always unheeded1 that all the detestable compounds are injurious4 ,they are nearly all metallic poisons1 and1 if there be any that are innocent of this charge1 they are in every instance harmful to the health4 ,the color and surface of the skin cannot be changed by any application which does not close the pores2 the pores1 which are so exquisitely fine that there are millions of them to the square inch1 and which must be kept open if a healthy and cleanly body is to be preserved4 ,there is more breathing done through the pores of a healthy person than through the lungs2 and we need not remind our readers of a ghastly piece of cruelty once enacted in ,paris 7that of gilding the body of a child1 for a triumphal procession1 which killed the subject in two hours71 to show that the stoppage1 in any degree1 of the natural functions of so important an organ as the skin1 is injurious4 ,the immediate effect of the use of such compounds is to destroy the vitality of the skin1 and to render it1 in appearance1 a piece of shriveled parchment4 ,we must warn our readers that a temporary and meretricious bloom can only be attained at the cost of future freshness and lively appearance1 so that a year or two of looking like paint is followed by a long period of looking like dilapidation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,smith',s ,,infant ,,dining ,,chair4 ,the accompanying engraving illustrates a convenient and cheap infant dining chair1 which can be attached to any of the ordinary chairs in common use4 ,illustration ,it consists of a chair without legs1 suspended by the posts of the back1 as shown1 on pins engaging with hooked bars1 which are placed upon the back of an ordinary chair4 ,the details of the device will be seen by a glance at the engraving4 ,the chair is adjusted in hight by placing the pins in the proper holes in the posts made for this purpose4 ,for further information1 address ,smith1 ,hollenbeck ,co41 ,toledo1 ,ohio4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,medicines ,,of ,,the ,,ancients4 ,at the recent commencement of the ,homeopathic ,college in this city1 ,mr4 ,s4 ,h4 ,wales1 of the ,,scientific ,,american addressed the graduating class1 and from his remarks1 we quote the following3 ,many writers of our time persist in regarding this1 above all others1 as the best period in the history of our race2 and1 doubtless1 it is true in many important respects4 ,but ,i cannot forbear the suggestion at this moment that there was a time in the history of the world when the science of medicine was unknown1 when people lived to the incredible age of many centuries2 and1 even after the span of life had been reduced to threescore and ten1 sickness was comparatively unknown4 ,in ancient times1 it was looked upon as a calamity1 that had overtaken a tribe or people1 when one of its members prematurely sickened and died4 ,other arts and sciences flourished in ,rome long before medicine was thought of2 and the historian tells us that the first doctor who settled in ,rome1 some two hundred years before ,christ1 was banished on account of his poor success and the very severe treatment applied to his patients2 and it was a hundred years before the next one came4 ,he rose to great popularity1 simply because he allowed his patients to drink all the wine they wanted1 and to eat their favorite dishes4 ,some writer on hygiene has made the statement that the whole code of medical ethics presented by ,moses consisted simply in bathing1 purification1 and diet4 ,this simplicity of life was not confined to the wandering tribes who settled in the land of ,canaan1 but was the universal custom of all nations of which history gives us any account4 ,this simple arrangement for health was considered enough in those primitive times1 when the human system had not been worn out and exhausted by depletive medicines4 ,the luxuries of public baths1 athletic sports and games were deemed ample1 both to educate the physical perceptions and to prevent disease4 ,all this wisdom1 which had its origin in ancient games and sports of the field1 led to the erection of extensive bath-houses1 and the adoption of other healthful luxuries to which all the people could resort to recreate their wasted powers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,barnes' ,,ventilator ,,for ,,mattresses1 ,,etc4 ,many diseases are caused by the use of beds not properly aired2 and it is difficult1 if not impossible1 to properly air1 or ventilate1 a mattress1 made in the usual manner4 ,if this could be done more thoroughly than it generally is1 much sickness would be avoided4 ,illustration ,to secure this object cheaply and efficiently is the design of the invention herewith illustrated4 ,by it a complete circulation of air through the mattress is secured1 which carries off all dampness arising from constant use4 ,thus the mattress becomes more healthy for sleeping purposes1 more durable and better fitted for the sick room4 ,the ventilators consist of coiled wire1 covered with coarse cloth 7to prevent the stuffing closing up the tube71 running through the mattress in all directions4 ,the ends of the coils are secured to the ticking by means of metal thimbles1 inside of which are pieces of wire gauze1 to prevent insects getting in1 but which admit air freely4 ,the cost of the ventilators is small1 and they will last as long as any mattress4 ,they can be applied to any bed at small expense4 ,this invention was patented through the ,scientific ,american ,patent ,agency1 ,january #aj1 #ahga4 ,the right to manufacture will be disposed of in any part of the country4 ,further information can be obtained by addressing the proprietors1 ,barnes ,allen1 ,hoosick ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the third annual exhibition of the ,national ,photographic ,association takes place at ,horticultural ,hall1 ,philadelphia1 ,june #f1 #ahga4 ,prof4 ,morton is to deliver two lectures on ,light4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,scientific ,,and ,,technical ,,awakening4 ,our ,english cotemporary1 ,engineering1 appears to have seriously exercised itself in the perusal of our good-natured article on ,english and ,american ,scientific and ,mechanical ,engineering ,journalism1 which appeared in the ,,scientific ,,american1 ,february #dth2 at least1 we so judge from the tenor of an article in response thereto1 covering a full page of that journal4 ,the article in question is a curiosity in literature4 ,it deserves a much wider circulation than ,engineering can give it1 and we would gladly transfer it to our columns1 but for its exceeding length--a serious fault generally1 not only with ,engineering's articles1 but most other technical journals published in ,england4 ,it would scarcely do for them to be brief in their discussions1 and above all other things1 spice and piquancy must always be excluded4 ,engineering evidently labors under the conviction that the heavier it can make its discussions1 the more profoundly will it be able to impress its readers4 ,hence1 we are equally astonished and gratified to find a gleam of humor flashing out from the ordinary sober-sided composition of our learned contemporary4 ,the article came to us just as we were laboring under an attack of dyspepsia1 and its reading fairly shook our atrabilious corpus4 ,we said to ourselves1 can it be possible that ,engineering is about to experience the new birth1 to undergo regeneration1 and a baptism of fire8 ,the article is really worth reading1 and we begin to indulge the hope that at least one ,english technical is going to try to make itself not only useful1 but readable and interesting4 ,and what is most perplexingly novel in this new manifestation1 is the display of a considerable amount of egotism1 which we had always supposed to be a sinful and naughty thing in technical journalism4 ,and1 as if to magnify this self-complaisance1 it actually alludes to its own extensive and ever-increasing circulation in ,america4 ,now to show how small a thing can impart comfort to the soul of our cotemporary1 we venture to say that the circulation of ,engineering in this country cannot much exceed three hundred copies per week4 ,it evidently amazes our ,english cotemporary that a journal like the ,,scientific ,,american1 which1 according to its own notions1 is chiefly the work of scissors and paste1 should circulate so widely2 and it even belittles our weekly circulation by several thousand copies1 in order to give point to its very amusing1 and1 we will also add1 generally just criticism4 ,the writer in ,engineering1 whoever he may be1 appears to be a sort of literary ,rip ,van ,winkle1 just waking out of a long sleep2 and he cannot get the idea through his head that it is possible that a technical journal can become a vehicle of popular information to the mass of mankind1 instead of being the organ of a small clique of professional engineers or wealthy manufacturers1 such as seems to hold control of the columns of ,engineering1 and who use it either to ventilate their own pet schemes and theories1 or to advertise1 by illustration and otherwise1 in the reading columns1 a repetition of lathes1 axle-boxes brakes1 cars1 and other trade specialities1 which can lay little or no claim to novelty4 ,it is1 furthermore1 a crying sin in the estimation of our ,english critic that ,american technical journals do not separate their advertisements from the subject matter2 and he thinks that when ,yankee editors learn that trade announcements are out of place in the body of a journal1 they will see how to make their journals pay by making them higher priced4 ,now we venture to say1 without intending to give offence1 that ,yankee editors understand their business quite as well as do ,english editors2 and it is presumable1 at least1 that they know what suits their readers on this side1 much better than do ,english editors4 ,we venture to suggest--modestly1 of course--that journalism in the two countries is not the same1 and should the editor of ,engineering undertake to transfer his system of intellectual labor to this side of the ,atlantic1 he would not be long in making the discovery that those wandering ,bohemian engineers1 who1 he tells us1 are in sorrow and heaviness over the short-comings of ,american technical journals1 would turn out after all to be slender props for him to lean upon4 ,we think it probable1 however1 that with a little more snap1 a journal like ,engineering might possibly attain a circulation1 in this country1 of #ejj or #ajjj copies weekly4 ,why1 ,american engineers have scarcely yet been able to organize themselves into an association for mutual advancement in their profession1 much less to give the reading public the benefit of their experience and labors6 ,this fact alone ought1 of itself1 to satisfy ,engineering that no such journal could profitably exist in this country4 ,whenever our ,american engineers are ready to support such a journal1 there will be no difficulty in finding a publisher4 ,engineering1 in its casual reference to the various technical journals of ,america1 omits to name our leading scientific monthly1 but introduces with just commendation a venerable cotemporary1 now upwards of three score years of age4 ,now1 it is no disparagement of this really modest monthly to say1 that perhaps there are not sixty hundred people in the ,states who know it1 even by name2 and so far as the use of scissors and paste are made available in our technical journals1 we venture the assertion that the editorial staff expenses of the ,,scientific ,,american are as great1 if not greater1 than those of ,engineering4 ,the question1 however1 is not so much one of original outlay1 but which of the two journals gives most for the money4 ,in this very essential particular1 and with no intention to depreciate the value of ,engineering1 we assert1 with becoming modesty1 that the ,,scientific ,,american occupies a position which ,engineering will never be able to attain4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,sherman ,,process4 ,when people boast of extraordinary successes in processes the details of which are kept profoundly hidden from public scrutiny1 and when the evidences of success are presented in the doubtful form of specimens which the public has no means of tracing directly to the process1 the public is apt to be skeptical1 and to express skepticism often in not very complimentary terms4 ,for a considerable time1 the public has been treated to highly-colored accounts of a wonderful metallurgic process whereby the best iron and steel were said to be made1 from the very worst materials1 almost in the twinkling of an eye4 ,this process has been called after its assumed inventor1 or discoverer1 the ,sherman ,process4 ,the details of the process are still withheld1 but we last week gave an extract from an ,english contemporary1 which throws a little light upon the subject4 ,the agent relied upon to effect the remarkable transformation claimed1 is iodine1 used preferably in the form of iodide of potassium1 and very little of it is said to produce a most marvellous change in the character of the metal4 ,a very feeble attempt at explaining the rationale of this effect has been made1 in one or two ,english journals1 which we opine will not prove very satisfactory to chemists and scientific metallurgists4 ,the ,engineer has published two three-column articles upon the subject1 the first containing very little information1 and the second a great number of unnecessary paragraphs1 but which gives the proportion of the iodide used1 in the extremely scientific and accurate formula expressed in the terms a small quantity4 ,assertions of remarkable success have also been given4 ,nothing1 however1 was said of remarkable failures1 of which there have doubtless been some4 ,a series of continued successes would1 we should think1 by this time1 have sufficed for the parturition of this metallurgic process1 and the discovery would ere this have been introduced to the world1 had there not been some drawbacks4 ,we are not prepared to deny in toto that the process is all that is claimed for it2 but the way in which it has been managed is certainly one not likely to encourage faith in it4 ,the very name of process implies a system perfected1 and if it be still so far back in the experimental stage that nothing definite in the way of results can be relied upon1 it is not yet a process4 ,if1 in the use of iodine1 in some instances1 fine grades of iron or steel are produced1 and in as many other experiments1 with the same material1 failures result1 it is just as fair to attribute the failures to the iodine1 as the successes4 ,a process worthy the name is one that acts with approximate uniformity1 and when1 in its use1 results vary widely from what is usual1 the variation may be traced to important differences in the conditions of its application4 ,on the whole1 we are inclined to believe ,mr4 ,sherman's experiments have not yet developed a definite process1 and we shall receive with much allowance the glowing statements published in regard to it1 until such time as it can face the world and defy unbelief4 ,the patents obtained by ,mr4 ,sherman seem to cover the use of iodine1 rather than the manner of using it1 and throw no light upon the rationale of the process4 ,a patent was granted by the ,united ,states ,patent ,office1 ,sept4 #ac1 #ahgj1 to ,j4 ,c4 ,atwood1 in which the inventor claims the use of iodide of potassium in connection with the carbons and fluxes used in making and refining iron4 ,in his specification he states that he uses about fifteen grains of this salt to eighty pounds of the metal4 ,this is about #a_/cgc of one per cent4 ,he uses in connection with this exceedingly small proportion of iodide of potassium1 about two ounces of lampblack1 or charcoal1 and four ounces of manganese1 and asserts that steel made with these materials will be superior in quality to that made by the old method4 ,these claims we are inclined to discredit4 ,certainly1 we see no chemical reason why this small amount of iodide should produce such an effect1 and the specification itself throws no light upon our darkness4 ,if the experiments in these so-called processes have no better basis than is apparent from such information as at present can be gathered respecting them1 it is probable we shall wait some time before the promised revolution in iron and steel manufacture is accomplished through their use4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rubber ,,tires ,,for ,,traction ,,engines4 ,when it was first discovered that a smooth-faced driving wheel1 running on a smooth-faced rail1 would bite1 the era of iron railways and locomotive engines may be said to have fairly commenced4 ,the correction of a single radical error was1 in this case1 the dawn of a new system of travel1 so extensive in its growth and marvelous in its results1 that even the wildest dreamer could not1 at that time1 have imagined the consequences of so simple a discovery4 ,a popular and somewhat similar error regarding the bite of wheels on rough and uneven surfaces1 has also prevailed4 ,we say popular error1 because engineers have not shared it1 and it has obtained1 to any notable extent1 only among those unfamiliar with mechanical science4 ,the error in question is1 that hard-surfaced wheels will not bite on a moderately rough surface1 sufficiently to give an efficient tractile power4 ,it seems strange that this error should have diffused itself very extensively1 when it is remembered that a certain degree of roughness is essential to frictional resistance4 ,the smoothness of the ordinary railway track is roughness compared to that of an oiled or unctuous metallic surface2 and it has been amply demonstrated that the resistance of friction1 of two bearing surfaces depends1 not upon their extent1 but upon the pressure with which they are forced together4 ,a traction wheel1 of given weight1 resting upon two square inches of hard earth or rock1 would develop the same tractile power as though it had a bearing surface of two square feet of similar material4 ,on very rough and stony ways1 however1 another element practically of no importance on moderately rough ways1 like a macadam surface or a concrete road1 where the prominences are nearly of uniform hight1 and so near together as to admit between their summits only very small arcs of the circumference of the wheel2 comes into action4 ,this element is the constantly recurring lifting of the superincumbent weight of the machine4 ,even this would not result in loss of power1 could the power developed in falling be wholly applied to useful work in the direction of the advance of the engine4 ,the fact is1 however1 that it is not so applied1 and in any method of propulsion at present known to engineering science1 cannot be so applied4 ,above a certain point where friction enough is developed to prevent slip1 the more uneven the road surface is1 the greater the power demanded for the propulsion of the locomotive4 ,and this will hold good for both hard and soft-tired wheels4 ,what then is the advantage1 if any1 of rubber-tired wheels8 ,the advantages claimed may be enumerated as follows3 increased tractile power1 with a given weight1 secured without damage to roadways2 ease of carriage to the supported machinery1 whereby it--the machinery--is saved from stress and wear2 and economy of the power1 expended in moving the extra weight required by rigid-tired wheels1 to secure the required frictional resistance4 ,the last-mentioned claim depends upon the first1 and must stand or fall with it4 ,the saving of roadway1 ease of carriage1 and its favorable result upon the machinery1 are generally conceded4 ,a denial of the first claim has been made1 by those interested in the manufacture of rigid-tired traction engines and others1 in so far as the rubber tires are employed on comparatively smooth surfaces2 although the increased tractile power on quite rough pavements and roads is acknowledged4 ,this denial is based upon results of experiments performed on the streets of ,rochester1 ,england1 between the #ith ,october and the #bnd ,november1 #ahgj1 by a committee of the ,royal ,engineers 7,british ,army71 with a view to determine accurately the point in question4 ,care was taken to make the circumstances1 under which the trials took place1 exactly alike for both the rubber and the iron tires4 ,the experiments were performed with an ,aveling and ,porter six-horse power road engine1 built in the ,royal ,engineers' establishment4 ,the weight of the engine1 without rubber tires1 was #aa1bbe pounds2 with rubber tires1 it weighed #ab1jbe pounds4 ,without rubber tires it drew #b4hac times its own weight up a gradient of #a in #aa2 with rubber tires1 it drew up the same incline #b4gfc times the weight of engine1 with the weight of rubber tires added2 showing that1 although it drew a little over #b1bjj pounds more than it could do without the rubber tires1 the increase of traction was only that which might be expected from the additional weight4 ,it is claimed1 moreover1 that the additional traction power and superior ease of carriage on rough roads1 secured with rubber tires1 is dearly bought at the very great increase in cost1 of an engine fitted with them1 over one not so fitted4 ,this is a point we regard as not fully settled1 though it will not long remain in doubt4 ,there are enough of both types of wheels now in use to soon answer practically any question there may be of durability 7upon which the point of economy hinges71 so far as the interest on the increased cost due to rubber tires1 is offset against the greater wear and tear of iron rimmed wheels4 ,it is stated1 on good authority that a rubber tired engine1 started at work in ,aberdeen1 ,scotland1 wore out its tires between ,april and ,september1 inclusive1 and when it is taken into consideration1 that the cost of these tires is about half that of other engines1 made with solid iron rimmed driving wheels1 it will be seen that1 unless very much greater durability than this can be shown for the rubber1 the advantages of such tires are very nearly1 if not more than1 balanced by their disadvantages4 ,the fact that one set of tires wore out so soon does not prove a rule4 ,there may have been causes at work which do not affect such tires generally1 and it would be1 we think1 quite premature to form favorable or unfavorable judgment1 of relative economy from such data as have been yet furnished4 ,the difference in the current expenses of running the two most prominent types of engines1 with hard and soft tires1 now in use1 does not affect the question of rubber tires1 unless it can be shown that these tires necessitate1 per se1 such a form of engine as requires a greater consumption of fuel1 and greater cost of attendance1 to perform a given amount of work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,central ,,shaft ,,of ,,the ,,hoosac ,,tunnel4 ,as many of our readers have evinced much interest and ingenuity on the question of the propriety of placing reliance upon the accuracy of dropping a perpendicular from the top to the bottom of a shaft #a1jcj feet in depth1 by means of an ordinary plummet1 we take the earliest opportunity of settling the matter beyond dispute1 by reporting the results lately obtained1 through a series of experiments by the engineers in charge1 for the ultimate purpose of laying down the correct line for the tunnel4 ,the perpendicular line has1 of course1 been dropped many times1 and the main result taken4 ,the plummet used is made of steel1 properly balanced and polished1 in shape something like a pineapple1 and of about the same size1 weighing fifteen pounds4 ,it was suspended1 with the large end downwards1 by a thin copper wire1 one fortieth of an inch in diameter1 immersed in water2 and1 after careful steadying with the hand1 occupied about an hour in assuming its final position or motion1 which1 contrary to the expectation and theories of many1 resulted in a circular motion around a fixed point1 the diameter of the circle being a mean of one quarter of an inch4 ,the suspending wire in these operations was not quite the entire length of the shaft1 being only #ijj feet2 and before the plummet had settled1 the wire had stretched nearly twenty feet4 ,the suspension of the plummet in water was not considered necessary for any other reason than that water was continually trickling down the wire1 and dropping on the plummet4 ,the experiments so far have not been of the perfect character it is determined to attain1 when the final alignment is made1 as1 until the headings east and west of the shaft have advanced to a considerable distance1 any slight error would be of no account4 ,a neat and ingenious instrument has been constructed for determining the variation of the plummet1 and will be used when great accuracy is desired2 the plummet will also be suspended in oil4 ,the bearing of the tunnel is about ,s4 #ha ,e42 but1 independently of its near approach to the line of revolution described by the earth1 it is not considered necessary to take into account any motion it may derive from this cause4 ,in fact1 the opinion is1 that the motion of the earth will not practically have any effect4 ,on the whole1 after the still imperfect experiments which have been made1 enough is established to show there is no difficulty to be encountered1 other than the accurate and delicate manipulation of the plummet and its attachments4 ,the shaft headings are progressing favorably4 ,the rock is not so hard or varied as that met with at the west end markings4 ,already nearly #cjj feet have been taken out1 and with the proved energy of the contractors1 this great task will doubtless be prosecuted steadily and surely to completion1 within the contract time expiring ,march #a1 #ahgd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,museum ,,of ,,art ,,and ,,natural ,,history4 ,our recent articles on ,scientific ,destitution in ,new ,york and ,the ,scientific ,value of the ,central ,park1 have called forth numerous letters from correspondents1 and have been extensively noticed by the press4 ,we now learn that the legislature of the ,state has taken the matter in hand1 and there is some prospect1 with an honest administration of the appropriations1 of something being done to relieve our city of the opprobrium that rests upon it4 ,a bill is pending1 before the ,senate1 authorizing the ,park ,commissioners to build1 equip1 and furnish1 on ,manhattan ,square1 or any other public square or park1 suitable fire-proof buildings1 at a cost not exceeding #ejj1jjj for each corporation1 for the purpose of establishing a museum of art1 by the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,art1 and of a museum of natural history1 by the ,american ,museum of ,natural ,history1 two societies recently incorporated by the ,legislature4 ,this is a million dollars to begin with1 and an ample site1 without cost1 to the aforementioned corporations4 ,manhattan ,square extends from ,seventy-seventh to ,eighty-first streets1 and from ,eighth to ,ninth avenues1 and spans about eighteen acres4 ,until it was set apart by the state ,board of ,commissioners1 for the purposes of a ,zoological ,garden1 it was proposed1 by a number of enlightened citizens of ,new ,york1 to devote it to the uses of four of our existing corporations1 giving to each one a corner1 and an equal share in the allotment of space4 ,the societies were1 the ,academy of ,design1 for art1 the ,historical ,society1 for public records and libraries1 the ,lyceum of ,natural ,history1 for science1 and the ,american ,institute1 for technology4 ,these have been incorporated for many years1 and are known to include the leading artists1 men of letters1 science1 and the arts1 of the city1 on their lists of members4 ,the committee went so far as to have plans of the building drawn by competent architects2 but1 like many other well-meant schemes1 want of money compelled the originators of the plan to abandon any further attempts4 ,in the meantime1 the ,legislature chartered the ,american ,botanical and ,zoological ,society1 and gave the ,commissioners of the ,park authority to set apart a portion of it1 not exceeding sixty acres1 for the use of the ,society1 for the establishment of a zoological and botanical garden4 ,this society was duly organized under the act1 and ,mr4 ,hamilton ,fish was made its president1 and considerable sums of money were subscribed4 ,but1 according to the sixth annual report of the ,board of ,commissioners1 the society never manifested its desire for an allotment of ground4 ,it appears to have died1 and made no sign4 ,some of our citizens1 fearing that the ,central ,park would go the way of every other public work in the city1 made strenuous effort to revive the ,zoological ,society1 for the purpose of obtaining a perpetual lease of a suitable site1 on which to establish a zoological garden1 similar to those in ,london1 ,paris1 ,amsterdam1 and ,cologne4 ,their object was to remove this part of the ,park beyond the reach of political intrigue4 ,subsequent events have shown that the fears of these gentlemen were well founded4 ,the ,legislature of the ,state1 on the #beth of ,march1 #ahfb1 gave ample powers to the ,new ,york ,historical ,society to establish a ,museum of ,antiquity and ,science1 and a ,gallery of ,art1 in the ,central ,park4 ,they have submitted designs for a building1 but1 for some reason1 no decisive steps have been taken towards its construction4 ,the ,lyceum of ,natural ,history was also negotiating with the ,commissioners1 for the use of the upper rooms of the arsenal for its collections1 and there is no doubt that an arrangement to this effect would have been made1 if a fire had not destroyed the entire collections of the ,lyceum4 ,the ,lyceum made great effort to raise money to purchase a new collection1 but without avail2 and1 although this is the oldest scientific society in ,new ,york1 and has inrolled in its list of members1 nearly every professional scientist of the city1 it is probably the poorest1 in income and resources1 of any academy of sciences in the world4 ,we do not know that the ,academy of ,design has ever applied for a home in the ,central ,park2 and we cannot speak for the ,american ,institute1 nor for the ,geographical ,society1 in this particular4 ,as we stated in our former article1 the old ,board of ,commissioners appears to have become weary of the unsuccessful attempts on the part of numerous societies to divide up and apportion the ,central ,park1 and they applied to the ,legislature for authority to conduct matters in their own way4 ,an act was duly passed1 authorizing the ,board to erect1 establish1 conduct1 and maintain1 on the ,central ,park1 a ,meteorological and ,astronomical ,observatory1 a ,museum of ,natural ,history1 and a ,gallery of ,art1 and the buildings therefor1 and to provide the necessary instruments1 furniture1 and equipments for the same4 ,here would seem to be ample power for the establishment of museums of science and art1 but nothing is said about the manner of raising the money4 ,one would suppose1 however1 that1 by means of the ,central ,park ,improvement ,fund1 abundant means could have been raised4 ,the bill now before the ,legislature puts matters in a new light4 ,if it does not conflict with previous enactments1 nor destroy vested rights1 it has the appearance of being a thoroughly practical way of solving the question of art and science for the city4 ,the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,art and the ,american ,museum of ,natural ,history are in the hands of the most respectable citizens of ,new ,york4 ,it would not be possible to find a body of men of more unimpeachable integrity and greater worth1 than the gentlemen who have founded these two societies4 ,it is impossible that they should lend their names to anything that will not bear the closest scrutiny2 hence the proposition1 now before the ,legislature1 to put up buildings for them1 at a cost of a million dollars1 must attract unusual attention4 ,if the ,state would appropriate the money to these corporations1 giving them the control of its expenditure1 we should have considerably more confidence in its honest administration than1 we are grieved to say1 we can feel under the present circumstances2 and if we knew what other institutions are to have the remaining portions of ,manhattan ,square1 it would be a great relief to our minds4 ,we fear the ,greeks bringing gifts1 but are willing to accept the gifts1 if the officers of the two organizations are certain that it is all right4 ,the need of a ,museum of ,natural ,history1 and of a ,gallery of ,art1 in ,new ,york1 is so pressing that there is some danger of our accepting the appropriations without a proper regard to consequences4 ,the ,court ,house is not yet finished1 and the foundations of the ,post-office are scarcely laid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,judges ,,of ,,group #a1 ,,department ,v4 ,,of ,,the ,,exhibition ,,of ,,the ,,american ,,institute ,,for #ahgj4 ,,the ,,allen ,,engine4 ,the labors of the judges in this department were much lighter in the last exhibition than in the preceding one1 and we are happy to say1 were1 in our opinion1 so far as the award of premiums is concerned1 much more fairly performed4 ,the award of two first premiums to two competing engines could scarcely be repeated this time1 as there was in reality no competition4 ,the ,allen engine was the only important one entered1 and of course received the first premium4 ,the engine is1 however1 one that evidently could have competed favorably with those previously exhibited4 ,we are in receipt of advanced sheets of the judges' report pertaining to the critical examination of this engine1 being a record and account of experiments performed under the supervision of ,washington ,lee1 ,c4 ,e4 ,the experiments were very comprehensive1 and comprised approved tests1 of each important detail1 usually made by expert engineers4 ,the report is too voluminous for reprint or even for condensation in our columns4 ,in looking it through1 we are satisfied that the experiments were accurately made1 and that the engine exhibited great working efficiency and economy4 ,as the engine has been recently illustrated and described in our columns1 we deem it unnecessary to dwell upon the details of its construction4 ,the water test of the previous exhibition was employed1 the water being this time measured1 with indisputable accuracy1 in a tank1 instead of by a meter as before4 ,the voluminous comparison of this engine with those previously exhibited1 seems unnecessary1 and we think not in good taste in such a report1 however much it may possess of scientific interest4 ,moreover1 the circumstances under which the trials were respectively performed1 render the comparison difficult1 if not unfair4 ,mr4 ,lee concludes his report with a thorough endorsement of the theory of ,mr4 ,porter upon the action of the reciprocating parts of engines1 as set forth by the last named gentleman in recent articles in this journal4 ,he says3 ,under the resistance of #abh4cge horse powers at the brake1 the motion of the engine was remarkably uniform2 not the least diminution of speed in passing the centers could be detected1 illustrating very satisfactorily the value1 in this respect1 of the speed employed1 and of the action of the reciprocating parts of the engine in equalizing the rotative pressure on the crank through the stroke4 ,the governor was1 during the trials and through the exhibition1 nearly motionless1 while the load remained constant1 and instantaneous in its action on changes of resistance1 maintaining a steadiness of running which left nothing to be desired4 ,the judges--,prof4 ,f4 ,a4 ,p4 ,barnard1 ,thos4 ,j4 ,sloan1 and ,robert ,weir--speak in their report as follows3 ,the performance of this engine has exceeded that of the two fine engines which were on trial here last year4 ,the results seem to be without precedent in such engines4 ,the engine ran from #aa to #ab hours repeatedly without showing a sign of a warm bearing1 displaying thorough perfection in all its parts4 ,in all respects the engine is first-class1 and from the fact of its presenting weight with speed1 as a requisite for perfection in steam engines1 it has opened a new era in this necessary branch--its economy having been clearly demonstrated in the careful trials1 which ought to be published in full4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lyceum ,,of ,,natural ,,history4 ,there was an unusually large attendance of members at the meeting of the ,lyceum of ,natural ,history1 on ,monday evening1 the #fth inst41 to listen to an address by ,professor ,b4 ,waterhouse ,hawkins1 on the progress of the work of the restoration of the forms of extinct animals in the ,central ,park4 ,mr4 ,hawkins gave an account of the difficulties he encountered at the outset1 in finding any skeletons of animals in ,new ,york1 with which to make comparisons1 and he was finally compelled to go to ,boston and ,philadelphia for this purpose4 ,after much study and many delays1 the casts of the ,hadrosaurus were completed1 and numerous smaller skeletons prepared4 ,at this stage of the proceedings an entire change in the administration of the ,park took place1 and the newly appointed ,commissioners decided to suspend the work upon the ,palozoic ,museum1 and they dismissed ,mr4 ,hawkins from their service4 ,the announcement that an end had thus been summarily put to one of the most important educational projects ever started in this country1 was received by the ,lyceum with profound surprise4 ,for a few minutes after the close of ,mr4 ,hawkins' report1 no one felt disposed to make any comment1 but as the truth of the great damage became apparent1 there was considerable disposition manifested to have the ,society give expression to its sense of the value of ,mr4 ,hawkins' services in the cause of education1 and their regret that so important a work should be suspended at this critical period4 ,remarks were made by ,dr4 ,newbery1 ,professor ,joy1 ,mr4 ,andrew ,h4 ,green1 ,professor ,seely1 ,dr4 ,walz1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,g4 ,squier1 and others1 and the following resolutions were unanimously adopted3 ,resolved1 ,that the ,lyceum of ,natural ,history1 in the city of ,new ,york1 has learned with deep regret of the temporary suspension of the work of restoration of the forms of extinct animals1 as hitherto prosecuted in the ,central ,park1 under the able superintendence of ,professor ,waterhouse ,hawkins4 ,resolved1 ,that the ,society considers the proposed palozoic museum not only a valuable acquisition to the scientific treasures and resources of the city1 but also as a most important adjunct and complement to our great system of public education4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,warming ,,and ,,ventilation ,,of ,,railroad ,,cars4 ,there has been enough of denunciation against the present general method of warming and ventilating railway cars4 ,it produces no effect on the corporations who could1 if they would1 adopt appliances that would not burn people to death in cases of accident1 nor regularly and persistently poison them with bad air4 ,there is no lack of ways and means2 the problem is simple and easily solved2 nay--a not very extensive search through the ,patent ,office records will show that it has been solved already2 perhaps not in the most practical and perfect manner1 but still solved so well1 as1 were it not for corporation cupidity1 would greatly add to the comfort and safety of passengers4 ,the real problem is how to compel corporations to recognize the fact that the public has rights they are bound to respect4 ,it is the disregard of these rights that fills our cars with smoke1 dust1 and exhalations1 and puts box stoves full of hot coals in the corners1 ready to cook the human stew whenever a frisky car shall take a notion to turn a somersault4 ,the invention needed is a conscience for corporations--an invention1 by the way1 scarcely less difficult than the one advertised for in our last issue1 namely1 a plan for preventing the sale of intoxicating liquors and tobacco in ,new ,jersey4 ,the ,railroad ,gazette1 imitating the ,english ideal of prolixity in discussion1 for which ,engineering has recently patted it on the back approvingly1 treats us1 in its issue of ,february #aath1 to a page article1 to be continued1 under the title of ,warming and ,ventilation of ,railroad ,cars4 ,in this article the writer takes the ground that people in general are ignorant of the effects of pure air1 and not being able to see the foulness1 they therefore do not believe it exists4 ,it is quite possible they may not be able to see the foulness1 but if in the majority of railroad cars run in this country1 they are not able to feel it in gritty1 grimy accumulations on skin and linen1 and smell it in suffocating stenches which serve1 with sneeze-provoking dust1 to stifle anything like comfort1 their skin must be thicker1 their linen more neglected1 and their noses less sensitive than those of the majority of fellow travellers it has been our fortune to be cooped up with for a day's railroad journey4 ,the ,railroad ,gazette makes this wholesale charge of ignorance and insensibility the excuse for an essay on the physiology of respiration1 mostly extracted from ,huxley's ,elementary ,lessons in ,physiology1 and therefore excellent in its way1 though having a somewhat remote bearing upon the subject as announced in the title of the article4 ,we trust that before this journal concludes its series of articles thus commenced1 it will tell how to breathe into the breasts of the corporations which choke us in their human packing boxes1 something resembling the soul which they are universally acknowledged to be destitute of4 ,when this is done1 carbonic acid1 ammoniacal smells1 organic exhalations1 smoke1 and dust1 will be invited to shun the interiors of railway cars1 and comparative comfort will descend upon the peregrinating public4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,mineral ,,resources ,,of ,,missouri4 ,the incalculable wealth1 which lies hid in the bosom of ,mother ,earth1 in our vast possessions of the ,west1 is undoubtedly centered in the ,state of ,missouri2 and the development of this fund of riches must add to the national prosperity1 not only by its immeasurable intrinsic value1 but by its affording occupation to armies of laborers1 the latter being the highest and most important consideration4 ,in #aheb-c1 a geological survey of the ,state was wisely decided upon1 and a liberal provision for its execution made4 ,two valuable reports1 by ,professor ,swallow1 have been printed1 in the year #ahee1 but the notes of his subsequent investigations have not been made public4 ,in the session of #ahfi-gj1 further action1 in this important public work1 was taken by the ,state legislature1 and arrangements made for a still more accurate and detailed examination1 under the direction of ,professor ,a4 ,d4 ,hager1 of ,vermont4 ,the distribution of metals all over the ,state will be seen in the following figures1 taken from the ,st4 ,louis ,journal of ,commerce1 which show the number of counties in which the various ores are found3 ,iron in #df counties1 lead in #dc1 coal in #cf1 copper in #bd1 marble in #aa1 zinc in #bg1 fire clay in #af1 barytes in #aj1 nickel in #f1 granite in #d1 tin in #d1 plumbago in #b1 gypsum in #b1 alum in #a1 antimony in #d4 ,there is probably no country in the world so endowed as this4 ,of iron alone1 according to the ,state geologist's report for #ahee1 there is ore of the best quality1 sufficient to furnish #bjj1jjj1jjj tuns of iron2 and this quantity lies in a small space1 in the vicinity of ,pilot ,knob and ,iron ,mountain1 and within #ajj miles of ,st4 ,louis4 ,the quality of the iron is highly spoken of by the manufacturers1 and the capacity of the smelting appliances has reached to over #aej1jjj tuns per annum4 ,the coal is well suited for reduction of ores1 either by hot or cold blast treatment4 ,the ,scotia ,iron ,co4 commenced operations in ,january1 #ahgj2 and1 although the materials for building blast furnaces had to be carried #hj miles into a desert1 the first furnace was blown into blast in ,august1 #ahgj4 ,this furnace will run about #bd tuns per day4 ,the company procures ore from a hill1 near the furnace1 in which there is an apparently inexhaustible supply of red oxide and brown specular4 ,this ore yields #fj per cent of pure metal4 ,the erection of mills for making wrought iron is contemplated1 and the high quality and prodigious quantity of the raw material will justify and reward any outlay of capital in this direction4 ,the shipment of ore to other ,states goes on constantly1 the last year's account showing that #bdf1eee tuns were dispersed over ,indiana1 ,ohio1 and others4 ,the furnaces at ,kingsland1 ,south ,st4 ,louis1 ,lewis ,iron ,co4's ,works1 ,carondelet1 and ,maramec are all well situated as to coal and limestone1 the ,maramec ,works having a most valuable water-power4 ,these latter works also ship about #dj1jjj tuns red hematite ore yearly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scientific ,,intelligence4 ,according to ,petermann's ,mittheilungen1 the new ,german empire1 including ,alsatia and ,lorraine1 will embrace #i1ija square miles1 with #dj1adh1bji inhabitants4 ,russia alone will exceed it in extent and population1 for ,russia in ,europe has #ajj1bhe square miles with a population of #fi1cgi1ejj4 ,france1 after the loss of ,alsatia and ,lorraine1 will have #i1ehh square miles of territory1 with #cf1dbh1edh inhabitants4 ,austria will number #ce1idc1eib inhabitants spread over a larger extent of country1 namely1 #aj1ihj square miles4 ,great ,britain and ,ireland has #e1gcb square miles1 with #cj1hch1baj inhabitants2 and ,italy1 including ,rome1 has #e1cgf square miles1 with #bf1dgj1jjj inhabitants4 ,in the order of population1 the ,governments will stand3 ,russia1 ,germany1 ,france1 ,austria1 and ,england2 but in military power1 the first position must henceforth be accorded to ,germany4 ,,american ,,institute ,,of ,,mining ,,engineers4 ,a circular has been issued by several mining engineers1 proposing a meeting at ,wilkes-,barre1 some time in ,april or ,may next1 of all persons interested in the general subjects of mining and metallurgy1 for the purpose of establishing an association1 to be called ,the ,american ,institute of ,mining ,engineers4 ,the ,institute will hold meetings periodically in the great mining and metallurgical centers1 when works of interest1 such as mines1 machine shops1 furnaces1 and other metallurgical works1 can be inspected1 and the members exchange their views1 and consult1 for mutual advantage1 upon the difficulties encountered by each4 ,there will be the usual publication of ,transactions and ,proceedings4 ,the idea of forming an association of persons thus mutually interested in each other's occupations1 is an excellent one2 but it has been suggested by a number of scientific gentlemen that the ,american ,association for the ,advancement of ,science offers every facility for the accomplishment of the objects set forth in the circular1 while it affords the very great advantage of an assemblage of men learned in all departments of knowledge1 whose acquaintance mining engineers would do well to make1 and from whom they could learn much1 while at the same time imparting of their own knowledge4 ,as a section of the ,american ,association1 the mining engineers would have more influence before the country1 and it would perhaps be well for them to stop and consider before establishing a separate institute4 ,,consumption ,,of ,,sugar1 ,,coffee1 ,,and ,,tea4 ,e4 ,behm gives in his geographical year book1 for #ahgj1 the following estimate of the consumption of sugar1 coffee1 and tea1 per capita1 in various countries3 ,,countries4 ,sugar1 lbs4 ,coffee1 lbs4 ,tea1 lbs4 ,great ,britain #ce4if #j4ij #c4aij ,united ,states #bd4fc #e4fh 44444 ,holland #ad4hf #g4jc #j4hjj ,france #ad4cj #b4cb #j4jah ,norway #aa4jd #f4ib #j4jfj ,sweden #i4hj #j4hj #j4jfj ,switzerland #i4fj #e4bh 44444 ,germany #i4db #d4jc #j4jce ,denmark #i4jj #c4dj #j4djj ,belgium #g4ah #h4ei #j4jah ,portugal #f4cc #j4fi #j4jdj ,italy #e4bj #j4ij #j4jbj ,austria #d4ic #a4cj #j4jab ,spain #d4bc #j4ja #j4jdj ,russia #b4dj #j4jjg #j4afj ,the entire consumption of sugar in ,europe has averaged1 during the last few years1 three thousand four hundred and ten million pounds 7#c1daj1jjj pounds71 and for the whole world it is set down at nearly twice that amount4 ,it is estimated that three fourths of the sugar is made from cane1 and one fourth from the beet4 ,the consumption of coffee has doubled in most countries during the last twenty years4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,unpleasant ,,discovery ,,in ,,the ,,patent ,,office--,,levying ,,black ,,mail4 ,the ,patent ,office has been1 during the past week1 in a high state of excitement1 occasioned by the discovery of the operations of ,e4 ,w4 ,w4 ,griffin1 clerk in charge of the draftsmen's division1 who1 it appears1 has been levying black mail on the lady employs of the office1 for nearly two years4 ,during the administration of ,colonel ,fisher1 late ,commissioner of ,patents1 a large number of ladies were employed1 for the purpose of recopying drawings1 when ordered by the inventors1 of patents already on file4 ,these ladies were placed under charge of ,griffin1 with power to retain them in office so long as their services were satisfactory4 ,it has been proved that ,griffin hired the ladies at regular salaries of #a1jjj per annum1 the most of whom he blackmailed to the amount of #djj per year each4 ,it is estimated that he has made #a1jjj per month for the past two years4 ,the matter was brought to the notice of ,commissioner ,duncan1 and an investigation ordered1 which resulted in the dismissal of ,griffin4 ,it is thought that there are other cases of this kind1 and the ,commissioner expresses his determination to ferret them all out1 and make a clean sweep of all parties in his department engaged in swindling operations1 against the government or against individuals4 ,the ,patent ,office has for a long time been considered a rich field for operations of this kind1 and investigations have often been suggested1 but passed unheeded by the proper authorities4 ,it is openly stated that an investigation into the relations existing between certain examiners of patents and certain patent agents1 would disclose a more fearful state of blackmailing than exists in all the other government departments combined4 ,we find the above sensational paragraph among the recent ,washington items of the ,evening ,mail4 ,we are in a position to say that the high state of excitement alluded to has existed only in the brain of the newspaper correspondent4 ,the facts1 in brief1 are these3 ,in ,july1 #ahfi1 a lady1 and wife of one of the clerks in the draftsmen's room1 made application to ,commissioner ,fisher for a position in the copying division of the same department2 and1 upon the urgent solicitation and recommendation of ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,w4 ,griffin1 chief of the division1 she was appointed1 and has held the position from that time until now1 receiving as salary #a1jjj per annum1 which1 with the full knowledge of her husband1 she has divided with ,griffin1 in consideration of his services in procuring for her the appointment4 ,about a month ago1 one of the lady's friends got hold of the matter1 and reported it to the ,court1 which resulted in an investigation and the subsequent dismissal of ,griffin4 ,this is the only case of the kind that we have heard of1 and we have no reason to believe that there is any other1 or that corruption exists in the ,examining ,corps1 as alleged4--,,eds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a method of testing the purity of samples of water1 by watching the rapidity of its action on soap and similar compounds1 has been introduced by the ,french savants1 ,,mm4 ,boutron and ,boudet4 ,the experiment tests1 at the same time1 the purity of the soap4 ,dissolved in water in which lime is held in solution1 the soap is precipitated in hard white flakes4 ,if the quantity of soap put in the lime water be noted1 it will be found that the smaller the quantity producing precipitation1 the purer the soap4 ,the ,journal de ,pharmacie et de ,chemie 7of ,paris7 reports some experiments1 on this subject1 by ,m4 ,f4 ,schulze4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,louisiana ,,state ,,fair4--,the fifth ,state fair of the ,mechanics1 and ,agricultural ,fair ,association of ,louisiana will commence in the city of ,new ,orleans1 on ,saturday1 ,april #h1 #ahga1 and continue nine days4 ,over #bj1jjj in premiums are offered4 ,rules1 regulations1 and schedule of premiums may be obtained of the ,secretary and ,treasurer1 ,luther ,homes1 ,esq41 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,knitted ,,goods4--,john ,kent advertises1 in this paper1 valuable machinery for the manufacture of knitted goods1 to which we invite the attention of all who are interested in this branch of industry4 ,mr4 ,kent has devoted many years to the perfection of these machines4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,kaolin1 a white clay1 used largely in the adulteration of flour1 starch1 and candles1 is found near ,augusta1 ,ga41 and is sent to the ,northern ,states in large quantities4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we are indebted to ,james ,vick1 practical florist1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 for a choice variety of flower seeds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,books ,,and ,,publications4 ,a ,,complete ,,guide ,,for ,,coach ,,painters4 ,translated from the ,french of ,m4 ,arlot1 ,coach ,painter1 for ,eleven ,years ,foreman of ,painting to ,m4 ,eherler1 ,coach ,maker1 ,paris4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,fesquet1 ,chemist and ,engineer4 ,to which is added an ,appendix1 containing ,information respecting the ,materials and the ,practice of ,coach and ,car ,painting and ,varnishing1 in the ,united ,states and ,great ,britain4 ,philadelphia3 ,henry ,carey ,baird1 ,industrial ,publisher1 #djf ,walnut street4 ,london3 ,sampson ,low1 ,son ,marston1 ,crown ,buildings1 #ahh ,fleet street4 #ahga4 ,price1 by mail1 to any part of the ,united ,states1 #a4be4 ,this is another of the large number of practical works and industrial treatises issued from the press of ,mr4 ,baird4 ,it is intended as a practical manual for the use of coach painters1 and we must say1 upon examination of its contents1 that we think it admirably adapted to meet the wants of that class of artisans for which it has been prepared4 ,there is perhaps no department of decorative art in which there is greater room for the display of skill and taste than in coach painting4 ,this work1 however1 does not deal with the subject of art1 to any great extent4 ,its aim is to give information in regard to colors1 varnishes1 etc41 and their management in carriage painting in the plainest manner1 and in this way it thoroughly fulfils the intention of the author4 ,,on ,,the ,,generation ,,of ,,species4 ,by ,st4 ,george ,mivart1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,london3 ,,macmillan ,,co4 #ahga4 ,the ,darwinian theory of the ,origin of ,species1 has1 perhaps1 aroused more attention1 excited more dispute1 and won more converts in a shorter time among scientific and unscientific men1 than any other of equal importance promulgated in the #aith century4 ,it seems to be the rule either to swallow the theory whole1 or reject it as unworthy of belief1 and as conflicting with orthodoxy4 ,the author of the work before us has1 however1 taken a middle ground1 from which we opine it will be difficult to dislodge him1 though it is within full range of the batteries of both the contending parties4 ,while he admits the truth of ,darwin's views regarding the operation of natural selection as a cause of the origin of species1 he denies that it is the sole cause1 yet maintains that if it could be demonstrated to be the sole cause1 it would in no manner conflict with orthodox belief in the ,scriptures as the revelation of ,god to mankind4 ,the perfect candor of the author is one of the marked features of the discussion1 and his style is a model of pure terse ,english writing1 seldom1 if ever1 excelled by any scientific writer4 ,the work is an octavo1 most beautifully printed on tinted paper1 and illustrated by many fine wood engravings4 ,,the ,,architect',s ,,and ,,builder',s ,,pocket ,,companion ,,and ,,price ,,book1 ,consisting of a ,short but ,comprehensive ,epitome of ,decimals1 ,duodecimals1 ,geometry and ,mensuration2 with ,tables of ,u4 ,s4 ,measures1 ,sizes1 ,weights1 ,strengths1 etc41 of ,iron1 ,wood1 ,stone1 and ,various ,other ,materials2 ,quantities of ,materials in ,given ,sizes and ,dimensions of ,wood1 ,brick1 and ,stone2 and a ,full and ,complete ,bill of ,prices for ,carpenter's ,work2 also ,rules for ,computing and ,valuing ,brick and ,brick ,work1 ,stone ,work1 ,painting1 ,plastering1 etc4 ,by ,frank ,w4 ,vogdes ,architect4 ,philadelphia3 ,henry ,carey ,baird1 ,publisher1 #djf ,walnut street4 ,price by mail1 postpaid1 #b4 ,this is a small work1 but printed in small type1 and containing a large amount of useful matter1 thoroughly indexed for reference2 bound in morocco2 and provided with a clasp1 so as to be conveniently carried in the pocket4 ,,gas ,,superintendent',s ,,pocket ,,companion for the year #ahga4 ,by ,harris ,brother1 ,gas ,meter ,manufacturers1 ,nos4 #aaae and #aaag ,cherry street1 ,philadelphia4 ,philadelphia3 ,henry ,carey ,baird1 ,industrial ,publisher1 #djf ,walnut street4 ,we find in this pocket-book much of interest to gas consumers1 as well as to gas makers4 ,the subject of meters is fully discussed4 ,the work is bound in pocket-book style1 in flexible morocco binding4 ,price1 by mail1 postpaid1 #b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,business ,,and ,,personal4 ,the ,charge for ,insertion under this head is ,one ,dollar a ,line4 ,if the ,notices exceed ,four ,lines1 ,one ,dollar and a ,half per ,line will be charged4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the paper that meets the eye of manufacturers throughout the ,united ,states--,boston ,bulletin1 #d4jj a year4 ,advertisements #ag;c4 a line4 ,half ,interest for sale in established ,machinery ,depot1 new and second-hand4 ,steam fitting connected4 ,small capital1 with energy1 required4 ,address ,t4 ,v4 ,carpenter1 ,advertising ,agent1 ,box #ggc1 ,new ,york4 ,see advertisement of a ,woolen ,mill for sale4 ,a bargain4 ,i am active1 have a clear record1 and some capital4 ,how can ,i make some money8 ,f4 ,carmill1 ,box #abfh1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,pattern ,letters for ,machinists1 ,molders1 and ,inventors1 to letter patterns of castings1 all sizes4 ,address ,h4 ,w4 ,knight1 ,seneca ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,improved mode of ,graining ,wood1 pat4 ,july #e1 '#gj1 by ,j4 ,j4 ,callow1 ,cleveland1 ,o4 ,see illustrated ,s4 ,a41 ,dec4 #ag1 '#gj4 ,send stamp for circular4 ,can a round1 spring-steel rod be drawn to any desired length1 with a true taper to a point1 with equal elasticity the whole length1 and rolled temper8 ,what is the price per hundred pounds1 and where can they be procured8 ,answer ,sportsman1 ,malone1 ,n4 ,y4 ,manufacturers of ,foot ,lathes and other light machinery please address ,geo4 ,b4 ,kirkham1 #afg ,e4 #cc;d st41 ,n4 ,y4 city4 ,business of importance6 ,safety ,kerosene ,lamps 7,perkins ,house's ,patent74 ,explosion or breaking impossible2 light equal to gas1 and no odor4 ,families supplied and canvassers appointed1 by ,montgomery ,co41 #db ,barclay st41 ,new ,york1 or ,cleveland1 ,o4 ,all parties wanting a water wheel will learn something of interest by addressing ,p4 ,h4 ,wait1 ,sandy ,hill1 ,n4 ,y41 for a free circular of his ,hudson ,river ,champion ,turbine4 ,ashcroft's ,low ,water ,detector1 #ae2 thousands in use2 #ag year's experience4 ,can be applied for #a4 ,send for circular4 ,e4 ,h4 ,ashcroft1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,wanted4--,machines for manufacturing ,pails1 ,tubs1 and ,matches4 ,also1 competent man to superintend construction of buildings1 and manage all parts of business when complete4 ,address1 with descriptive circulars1 price1 etc41 ,no4 #bff ,lexington avenue1 ,new ,york4 ,turbine ,water ,wheels1 ,portable and ,stationary ,engines1 ,gang and ,circular ,saw ,mills1 ,rolling ,mill ,machinery1 and ,machinery for ,axe ,manufacturers1 manufactured by ,wm4 ,p4 ,duncan1 ,bellefonte1 ,pa4 ,for best ,power ,picket ,header in use1 apply to ,wm4 ,p4 ,duncan1 ,bellefonte1 ,pa4 ,new ,blind ,wirer and ,rod ,cutter4 ,b4 ,c4 ,davis ,co41 ,binghamton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,self-testing ,steam ,gage4 ,there's a difference between a chronometer watch and a bull's eye4 ,same difference between a self-tester and common steam gage4 ,send for ,circular4 ,e4 ,h4 ,ashcroft1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,see advertisement of ,l4 ,j4 ,w4 ,feuchtwanger1 ,chemists1 ,n4 ,y4 #c4ej4 ,stephens' ,patent ,combination ,rule1 ,level1 ,square1 ,plumb1 ,bevel1 etc4 ,see advertisement in another column4 ,agents wanted4 ,american ,boiler ,powder ,co41 ,box #cae1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa41 make the only safe1 sure1 and cheap remedy for ,scaly ,boilers4 ,orders solicited4 ,belting that is ,belting4--,always send for the ,best ,philadelphia ,oak-,tanned1 to ,c4 ,w4 ,arny1 ,manufacturer1 #cja ,cherry st41 ,phil'a4 ,e4 ,howard ,co41 ,boston1 make the best ,stem-winding ,watch in the country4 ,ask for it at all the dealers4 ,office #ae ,maiden ,lane1 ,n4 ,y4 ,for mining1 wrecking1 pumping1 drainage1 and irrigating machinery1 see advertisement of ,andrews' ,patents in another column4 ,the best place to get ,working ,models and parts is at ,t4 ,b4 ,jeffery's1 #afj ,south ,water st41 ,chicago4 ,brown's ,coalyard ,quarry ,contractors' ,apparatus for hoisting and conveying material by iron cable4 ,w4 ,d4 ,andrews ,bro1 #dad ,water st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,improved ,foot ,lathes4 ,many a reader of this paper has one of them4 ,selling in all parts of the country1 ,canada1 ,europe1 etc4 ,catalogue free4 ,n4 ,h4 ,baldwin1 ,laconia1 ,n4 ,h4 ,peteler ,portable ,r4 ,r4 ,co4 contractors1 graders4 ,see adv'ment4 ,e4 ,p4 ,peacock1 ,manufacturer of ,cutting ,dies1 ,press ,work4 ,patent ,articles in ,metals1 etc4 #ee ,franklin st41 ,chicago4 ,peck's ,patent ,drop ,press4 ,milo ,peck ,co41 ,new ,haven1 ,ct4 ,millstone ,dressing ,diamond ,machine--,simple1 effective1 durable4 ,for description of the above see ,scientific ,american1 ,nov4 #bgth1 #ahfi4 ,also1 ,glazier's ,diamonds4 ,john ,dickinson1 #fd ,nassau st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,steel name stamps1 figures1 etc4 ,e4 ,h4 ,payn1 ,m'f'r1 ,burlington1 ,vt4 ,cold ,rolled-,shafting1 piston rods1 pump rods1 ,collins pat4 double compression couplings1 manufactured by ,jones ,laughlins1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,keuffel ,esser #aaf ,fulton st41 ,n4 ,y41 the best place to get #ast-class ,drawing ,materials1 ,swiss instruments1 and ,rubber ,triangles and ,curves4 ,for ,solid ,wrought-iron ,beams1 etc41 see advertisement4 ,address ,union ,iron ,mills1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa41 for lithograph1 etc4 ,for the best ,self-regulating ,windmill in the world1 to pump water for residences1 farms1 city buildings1 drainage1 and irrigation1 address ,con4 ,windmill ,co41 #e ,college ,place1 ,new ,york4 ,the ,merriman ,bolt ,cutter--the best made4 ,send for circulars4 ,h4 ,b4 ,brown ,co41 ,fair ,haven1 ,conn4 ,taft's ,portable ,hot ,air1 ,vapor and ,shower ,bathing ,apparatus4 ,address ,portable ,bath ,co41 ,sag ,harbor1 ,n4 ,y4 7,send for ,circular47 ,glynn's ,anti-,incrustator for ,steam ,boilers--,the only reliable preventive4 ,no foaming1 and does not attack metals of boilers4 ,price #be cents per lb4 ,c4 ,d4 ,fredricks1 #ehg ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,for ,fruit-,can ,tools1 ,presses1 ,dies for all ,metals1 apply to ,bliss ,williams1 successor to ,may ,bliss1 #aah1 #abj1 and #abb ,plymouth st41 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,send for catalogue4 #b;d-hand ,worthington1 ,woodward and ,novelty ,pumps1 ,engines #be to #ajj ,h4 ,p41 #fj ,horse ,loc4 ,boiler4 ,w4 ,d4 ,andrews ,bro41 #dad ,water st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,agents wanted1 to sell the ,star ,bevel4 ,it supersedes the old style4 ,send for ,circular4 ,hallett ,white1 ,west ,meriden1 ,conn4 ,english and ,american ,cotton ,machinery and ,yarns1 ,beam ,warps and ,machine ,tools4 ,thos4 ,pray1 ,jr41 #eg ,weybosset st41 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 ,for small1 soft1 ,gray ,iron ,castings1 ,japanned1 ,tinned1 or ,bronzed1 address ,enterprise ,manufacturing ,company1 ,philadelphia4 ,conklin's ,detachable ,rubber ,lip1 for bowls1 etc41 works like a charm4 ,for ,rights1 address ,o4 ,p4 ,conklin1 ,worcester1 ,mass41 or ,a4 ,daul1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,to ,ascertain where there will be a demand for new machinery or manufacturers' supplies read ,boston ,commercial ,bulletin's ,manufacturing ,news of the ,united ,states4 ,terms #d4jj a year4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,facts ,,for ,,the ,,ladies4 ,in #ahgj1 ,mrs4 ,w4 made1 with her ,wheeler ,wilson machine1 #b1bee vests1 besides doing her family sewing for six persons4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,pittsburgh1 ,,pa41 ,,leader ,,says3 ,the firm of ,geo4 ,p4 ,rowell ,co4 is the largest and best ,advertising ,agency in the ,united ,states1 and we can cheerfully recommend it to the attention of those who desire to advertise their business scientifically and systematically in such a way2 that is1 to secure the largest amount of publicity for the least expenditure of money4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,after ,,an ,,exhaustive ,,trial1 at ,american ,institute ,fair for #ahgj1 ,pratt's ,astral ,oil was pronounced the safest and best4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dyspepsia3 ,its ,varieties1 ,causes1 ,symptoms1 and ,cure4 ,by ,e4 ,p4 ,,miller1 ,m4 ,d4 ,paper1 #ej;cts42 ,muslin1 #a4 ,address ,,miller1 ,,haynes ,,co41 #da ,west ,twenty-sixth st41 ,new ,york city4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vital ,,force3 ,how ,wasted and ,how ,preserved2 or1 ,abuses of the ,sexual ,function1 their ,causes ,effects and ,means of ,cure4 ,by ,e4 ,p4 ,,miller ,m4 ,d4 ,paper1 #ej;cts4 ,address ,,miller1 ,,haynes ,,co41 #da ,west ,twenty-sixth st41 ,new ,york city4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,answers ,,to ,,correspondents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,correspondents who expect to receive answers to their letters must1 in all cases1 sign their names4 ,we have a right to know those who seek information from us2 besides1 as sometimes happens1 we may prefer to address correspondents by mail4 ,,special ,,note4--,this column is designed for the general interest and instruction of our readers1 not for gratuitous replies to questions of a purely business or personal nature4 ,we will publish such inquiries1 however1 when paid for as advertisements at #a4jj a line1 under the head of ,business and ,personal4 ,all reference to back numbers must be by volume and page4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mixing ,,metals4--,all the hard gray ,american charcoal iron1 of which car wheels and all such work are made1 requires more heat and a longer time to melt than soft iron1 especially ,scotch pig1 which is the most fluid and the easiest to melt of any iron4 ,consequently1 unless the melter exercises good judgment in charging1 the ,scotch pig will melt and run off before the car-wheel iron is melted4 ,if ,g4 ,h4 ,p4 be particular in the quality and strength of his iron1 he will make better results by using soft ,american charcoal pig1 with old car-wheel iron4 ,it will make stronger castings1 mix better1 and melt more uniformly2 but he should always recollect in charging his furnace that soft iron will melt before hard in the same position1 in the cupola4 ,i also think he had better use a larger proportion of soft pig1 as every time cast iron is melted it becomes harder1 so much so that iron which can be filed and turned with ease1 when re-cast will often be found too hard to work4--,j4 ,t41 of ,n4 ,y4 ,,hardening ,,tallow4--,if ,e4 ,h4 ,h4 will use one pound of alum for every five pounds of tallow1 his candles will be as hard and white as wax4 ,the alum must be dissolved in water1 then put in the tallow1 and stirred until they are both melted together1 and run in molds4--,f4 ,o4 ,h4 ,l4 ,l41 of ,n4 ,y4--,according to ,ure1 strass is made as follows3 #h ounces of pure rock crystal or flint1 in powder1 mixed with #d ounces of salt of tartar1 are to be baked and left to cool4 ,the mixture is then poured into hot water1 and treated with dilute nitric acid till it ceases to effervesce1 and the frit is then washed in water till the water comes off tasteless4 ,the frit is then dried1 and mixed with #ab ounces of white lead1 and this last mixture reduced to fine powder1 and washed with distilled water2 #a ounce of calcined borax is now added to every #ab ounces of the mixture1 the whole rubbed together in a porcelain mortar1 melted in a clean crucible1 and poured out into pure cold water4 ,this melting and pouring into water must be done three times1 using a clean1 new crucible each time4 ,the third frit is pulverized1 five drachms of niter added1 and then melted for the last time1 when a clean1 beautiful white crystal mass results4 ,c4 ,m4 ,s41 of ,wis4--,there are no precise proportions observed in making the coal-tar and gravel walks of which you speak4 ,the aim is to saturate the gravel with the hot tar without surplus4 ,the interstices of the gravel are simply to be filled1 and the amount required to do this depends wholly upon the coarseness or fineness of the gravel employed4 ,w4 ,p4 ,t41 of ,ohio4--,two teams of horses1 of equal strength1 pulling against each other1 by means of a rope1 would create the same tension in the rope1 as one of the teams drawing against an immovable object4 ,w4 ,h4 ,b41 of ,va4--,ice can be made by compressing air1 and1 after it has radiated its heat1 allowing it to extract the heat of water with which it is brought into contact4 ,the temperature of air at #ei ,fah41 would be raised1 by compressing the air to one fourth its original volume1 to #cag ,fah2 and the air would radiate and absorb again1 in expanding1 about #aij units of heat4 ,e4 ,t4 ,h41 of ,ga4--,the friable sandstone1 a specimen of which you send us1 may1 we think1 be rendered firmer by soaking it in a solution of silicate of soda1 and allowing it to stand till dry4 ,j4 ,a4 ,v41 of ,ohio4--,the use of steam expansively1 by means of cut-off appliances1 enables the expansive force of the steam to be utilized1 which cannot be done when the pressure is maintained at one standard1 and steam admitted through the fall stroke4 ,it takes no more power to do a given amount of work in one case than in the other1 but more boiler capacity1 and more fuel1 as the working power of the steam is more economically applied when the cut-off is used4 ,geo4 ,f4 ,r41 of ,ohio4--,type metal is composed of #c parts lead and #a part antimony for smallest1 hardest1 and most brittle types2 #d of lead and #a of antimony for next grade2 #e of lead and #a of antimony for medium sizes2 #f of lead and #a of antimony for larger types2 and #g of lead and #a of antimony for the largest4 ,e4 ,j4 ,m41 of ,texas4--,the term power of a boiler means its evaporating power1 and in that sense is proper4 ,if its evaporative power be sufficient to perform a given amount of work1 it is proper to estimate that work in horse power4 ,water can not be pumped out of a pipe from which atmospheric air is excluded4 ,a pipe driven into a soil impervious to air1 can never yield water unless the water is forced up by hydraulic power1 as in the artesian system4 ,a4 ,p4 ,y41 of ,n4 ,y4--,you will find descriptions of iron enamelling processes1 on pages #big and #djh1 ,vol4 ,,xii4 of this journal4 ,it can be done in colors4 ,see ,ure's ,dictionary of ,arts and ,manufactures4 ,h4 ,c41 of ,pa4--,we do not think increasing the size of the journals of your car axles from #b inches to #f inches diameter1 would make them run lighter4 ,h4 ,h4 ,a41 of ,n4 ,y4--,the lining up of a beam engine1 in a vessel1 is a process for which no definite mode of procedure is exclusively applicable4 ,it is an operation to which common sense and judgment must be brought1 and for which each engineer must be a law unto himself4 ,j4 ,s41 of ,va4--,the use of horizontal propellers to force balloons up or down is not a new suggestion4 ,it has been tried1 but1 we believe1 without much practical success4 ,j4 ,t 4,s41 of ,n4 ,y4--,you will find further information on the subject of transmitting power by compressed air1 in our editorial columns of last week4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,applications ,,for ,,extension ,,of ,,patents4 ,,harvesters4--,william ,t4 ,b4 ,read1 ,chicago1 ,ill41 has petitioned for an extension of the above patent4 ,day of hearing1 ,may #ag1 #ahga4 ,,mode ,,of ,,fastening ,,sheet ,,metal ,,on ,,roofs1 ,,etc4--,asa ,johnson1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 has petitioned for an extension of the above patent4 ,day of hearing1 ,may #c1 #ahga4 ,,method ,,of ,,printing ,,in ,,colors4--,rosalie ,croome1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 has petitioned for an extension of the above patent4 ,day of hearing1 ,may #c1 #ahga4 ,,machinery ,,for ,,compressing ,,gaseous ,,bodies4--,william ,a4 ,royce1 ,newburgh1 ,n4 ,y41 has petitioned for an extension of the above patent4 ,day of hearing1 ,may #aj1 #ahga4 ,,plows4--,john ,s4 ,hall1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa41 has petitioned for an extension of the above patent4 ,day of hearing1 ,may #ag1 #ahga4 ,,carriage ,,wheels4--,james ,d4 ,sarven1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 has petitioned for an extension of the above patent4 ,day of hearing ,may #bd1 #ahga4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,patent ,,law ,,of #ahgj4 ,,instructions ,,how ,,to ,,obtain ,,letters-,,patent ,,for ,,new ,,inventions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,information ,,about ,,caveats1 ,,extensions1 ,,interferences1 ,,designs1 ,,trade-,,marks1 ,,and ,,foreign ,,patents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,for ,twenty-five years1 ,,munn ,,co4 have occupied the leading position of ,,solicitors ,,of ,,american ,,and ,,european ,,patents4 ,during this long experience they have examined not less than ,fifty ,thousand ,inventions1 and have prosecuted upwards of ,,thirty ,,thousand ,,applications ,,for ,,patents4 ,in addition to this they have made1 at the ,patent ,office1 ,twenty-,five ,thousand ,special ,examinations into the novelty of various ,inventions4 ,the important advantage of ,,munn ,,co4's ,american and ,european ,patent ,agency is that the practice has been tenfold greater than that of any other agency in existence1 with the additional advantages of having the aid of the highest professional skill in every department and a ,branch ,office at ,washington1 that watches and supervises cases when necessary1 as they pass through ,official ,examination4 ,,munn ,,co41 ,,ask ,,special ,,attention ,,to ,,their ,,system ,,of ,,doing ,,business4 ,,consultation ,,and ,,opinions ,,free4 ,inventors who desire to consult with ,,munn ,,co4 are invited to call at their office #cg ,,park ,,row1 or to send a sketch and description of the invention1 which will be examined and an opinion given or sent by mail without charge4 ,a ,,special ,,examination is made into the novelty of an invention by personal examination at the ,patent ,office of all patented inventions bearing on the particular class4 ,this search is made by examiners of long experience1 for which a fee of #e is charged4 ,a report is given in writing4 ,to avoid all possible misapprehension1 ,,munn ,,co4 advise generally1 that inventors send models4 ,but the ,commissioner may at his discretion dispense with a model--this can be arranged beforehand4 ,,munn ,,co4 take special care in preparation of drawings and specifications4 ,if a case should for any cause be rejected it is investigated immediately1 and the rejection if an improper one set aside4 ,,no ,,extra ,,charge is made to clients for this extra service4 ,,munn ,,co4 have skillful experts in attendance to supervise cases and to press them forward when necessary4 ,,rejected ,,cases4 ,,munn ,,co4 give very special attention to the examination and prosecution of rejected cases filed by inventors and other attorneys4 ,in such cases a fee of #e is required for special examination and report2 and in case of probable success by further prosecution and the papers are found tolerably well prepared1 ,,munn ,,co4 will take up the case and endeavor to get it through for a reasonable fee to be agreed upon in advance of prosecution4 ,,caveats ,are desirable if an inventor is not fully prepared to apply for a ,patent4 ,a ,caveat affords protection for one year against the issue of a patent to another for the same invention4 ,caveat papers should be carefully prepared4 ,the ,government fee on filing a ,caveat is #aj1 and ,,munn ,,co4's charge for preparing the necessary papers is usually from #aj to #ab4 ,,reissues4 ,a patent when discovered to be defective may be reissued by the surrender of the original patent1 and the filing of amended papers4 ,this proceeding should be taken with great care4 ,,designs1 ,,trade-,,marks1 ,,compositions ,can be patented for a term of years1 also new medicines or medical compounds1 and useful mixtures of all kinds4 ,when the invention consists of a medicine or compound1 or a new article of manufacture1 or a new composition1 samples of the article must be furnished1 neatly put up4 ,there should also be forwarded a full statement of its ingredients1 proportions1 mode of preparation1 uses1 and merits4 ,,canadians and all other foreigners can now obtain patents upon the same terms as citizens4 ,,european ,,patents4 ,,munn ,,co4 have solicited a larger number of ,european ,patents than any other agency4 ,they have agents located at ,london1 ,paris1 ,brussels1 ,berlin1 and other chief cities4 ,a pamphlet containing a synopsis of the ,foreign ,patent ,laws sent free4 ,,munn ,,co4 could refer1 if necessary1 to thousands of patentees who have had the benefit of their advice and assistance1 to many of the principal business men in this and other cities1 and to members of ,congress and prominent citizens throughout the country4 ,all communications are treated as confidential4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 ,no4 #cg ,park ,row1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,recent ,,american ,,and ,,foreign ,,patents4 ,under this heading we shall publish weekly notes of some of the more prominent home and foreign patents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,self-,,acting ,,shackle ,,and ,,car ,,brake4--,lyman ,alphonzo ,russell1 ,shrewsbury1 ,vt4--,this invention relates to improvements in self-acting shackles and car brakes1 and consists in an improved connection of the brakes with the shackle1 for automatic operation1 whereby the connection may be readily so adjusted that the brakes will not be set in action as when required to back up the train4 ,,feed ,,bags ,,for ,,horses4--,w4 ,a4 ,hough1 ,south ,butler1 ,n4 ,y4--,this invention relates to a new and useful improvement in feed bags for horses1 and consists in making the bag self-supplying1 by means of one or more reservoirs1 the discharge orifices of which reservoirs are closed by a valve or valves4 ,,truss4--,adam ,hinoult1 ,montgomery1 ,n4 ,y4--,this invention has for its object to furnish an improved truss1 which shall be so constructed as to yield freely to the various movements of the body of the wearer1 while holding the rupture securely in place4 ,,governor ,,for ,,steam ,,engines4--,charles ,a4 ,conde1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4--,this invention relates to a new method of regulating the movement of the balls of a steam governor1 with a view of adjusting the same in proportion to the increased or diminished centrifugal force4 ,,circular ,,saw ,,guard4--,g4 ,w4 ,shipman1 ,ischua1 ,n4 ,y4--,this invention relates to a new and useful improvement in means for protecting the operator and others1 near running circular saws1 from injury1 and it consists in a movable guard1 operated by means of the saw carriage1 in such a manner that1 during the period of danger 7when the saw is not cutting71 the guard covers the saw1 and is thrown back from the saw when the latter is in actual use4 ,,carpet-,,cleaning ,,machine4--,j4 ,c4 ,craft1 ,baltimore1 ,md4--,this invention relates to a machine1 through which a carpet may be passed1 and so beaten and brushed1 during its passage1 as to come out of the machine thoroughly cleansed4 ,the invention consists in the peculiar construction and arrangement of beaters and brushes for effecting this result4 ,,combined ,,cotton ,,and ,,corn ,,planter4--,l4 ,a4 ,perrault1 ,natchez1 ,miss4--,this invention relates to improvements in machinery for planting seed1 and consists in a combination1 in one machine1 of a seed-dropping apparatus1 adapted for corn1 and another adapted for cotton1 in a manner to utilize one running gear for the two kinds of seed1 and thereby save the expense of separate gear for each4 ,,lime ,,kiln4--,t4 ,a4 ,kirk1 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo4--,this invention has for its object to furnish an improved lime kiln1 which shall be so constructed as to enable the kiln to be worked from the front1 in firing and in drawing the lime and ashes1 which will not allow cold or unburnt rock to pass through1 and which will consume its own smoke4 ,,car ,,brake4--,s4 ,d4 ,tripp1 ,lynn1 and ,luther ,hill1 ,stoneham1 ,mass4--,this invention relates to improvements in railroad car brakes1 and consists in an arrangement1 on the locomotive or tender1 of a steam cylinder and piston1 and the arrangement1 on the cars1 in connection with the brakes1 of sliding rods1 so that the rod of the car next to the engine or tender1 being moved backwards by the piston rod of the above cylinder1 will bring the brakes of the rear wheels down upon them1 as well as the brakes of the tender1 and slacken the speed thereby1 so that the rear projecting end of the brake rod will come in contact with the rod of the next car1 and set its brakes in action in like manner1 and so on1 throughout the train4 ,the arrangement of the said brake actuating rods is such that no matter which end of the car is foremost1 the wheels of one track will be acted on by the brakes4 ,,combined ,,ruler1 ,,blotter1 ,,and ,,paper ,,cutter4--,hugh ,s4 ,ball1 ,spartanburgh1 ,s4 ,c4--,this invention relates to a new and useful improvement in a combined ruler1 blotter1 and paper cutter1 three articles indispensable for the desk1 combined in one4 ,,reed ,,for ,,organs ,,and ,,melodeons4--,augustus ,newell1 ,chicago1 ,ill4--,the object of this invention is to so construct the tongue-butts1 or shanks1 of musical reeds1 that the same cannot1 during the vibratory motion of the tongues1 be raised from their seats4 ,,anti-,,friction ,,compound4--,victory ,purdy1 ,poughkeepsie1 ,n4 ,y4--,this invention relates to a new and useful compound for lubricating railroad car axle journals1 and other journal bearings4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,queries4 ,we present herewith a series of inquiries embracing a variety of topics of greater or less general interest4 ,the questions are simple1 it is true1 but we prefer to elicit practical answers from our readers1 and hope to be able to make this column of inquiries and answers a popular and useful feature of the paper4 99 99 99 99 99 #a4--;,,emery ,,wheels4--,can ,i make emery wheels similar to those used in a foot lathe1 that will answer for sharpening fine tools1 such as gouges1 rounds1 and hollows1 and if so1 how shall ,i proceed8--,f4 ,w4 #b4--;,,boiler ,,furnace4--,i have two boilers1 twenty-four feet long and four feet in diameter each1 with five ten-inch flues4 ,the fire passes under the boiler1 and enters the flues at the back end1 passes through the flues1 and enters the smoke stack at the front end4 ,i use hard pine wood for fuel4 ,will some of your many readers give me the best way of constructing the flue under the boiler1 from the end of the grate bars to where it enters the flues at the back end1 and also state the proper distance from the back wall to the end of the boiler8--,n4 ,h4 #c4--,,medal ,,casts4--,i have some medals which ,i should like to copy4 ,having tried several times1 and failed1 ,i thought that ,i would ask advice through your query columns4 ,i do not know of what the medals are manufactured4 ,they are1 ,i suppose1 made to imitate bronze4 ,i have tried casting them in plaster of ,paris molds1 but have had very poor success1 as the surface of the medals was covered with small holes4 ,the metal used was lead and antimony1 seven to one4 ,i should like to know1 if there be any metal that ,i can cast them of1 and bring out the bronze color afterwards1 or if there be any metal that ,i can cast them of1 and afterwards color by some solution4 ,also1 of what should ,i make my molds8--,j4 ,e4 ,m4 #d4--,,removing ,,the ,,taste ,,of ,,tar ,,from ,,rain ,,water4--,will some of your correspondents tell me if rain water1 which runs off a gravel roof1 and tastes very strongly of tar1 is unhealthy1 and if there be anything that will prevent its tasting1 as it is very disagreeable for cooking purposes8--,c4 ,e4 ,h4 #e4--,,sorghum ,,molasses4--,how can ,i separate the molasses from the sugar1 in sorghum sugar mush1 to make a dry merchantable sugar8 #f4--;,,flux ,,for ,,aluminum4--,will some of your readers tell me1 through your columns1 the best flux to use in melting and mixing aluminum and copper8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,inventions ,,patented ,,in ,,england ,,by ,,americans4 ,compiled from the ,commissioners of ,patents' ,journal4 ,,applications ,,for ,,letters ,,patent4 #cej4--;,,breech-,,loading ,,fire-,,arms4--,eli ,whitney1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,february #aj1 #ahga4 #ceb4--;,,governor4--,stilliman ,b4 ,allen1 ----1 ,mass4 ,february #aj1 #ahga4 #ceg4--,,windmill4--,a4 ,p4 ,brown1 ,new ,york city4 ,february #aa1 #ahga4 #ccb4--;,,furniture ,,casters4--,f4 ,a4 ,gardner and ,h4 ,s4 ,turrell1 ,danbury ,conn4 ,february #h1 #ahga4 #cci4--,,wire ,,fabrics ,,for ,,mattresses4--,samuel ,rogers1 ,new ,york city4 ,february #i1 #ahga4 #cdj4--,,screw ,,propeller ,,canal ,,boats4--,thomas ,main1 ,pierpoint1 ,n4 ,y4 ,february #i1 #ahga4 #cfb4--;,,flyer ,,for ,,spinning ,,machinery4--,thomas ,mayor and ,geo4 ,chatterton1 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 ,february #ad1 #ahga4 #cgc4--,,telegraphic ,,apparatus ,,and ,,detectors4--,w4 ,b4 ,watkins1 ,jersey ,city1 ,n4 ,j4 ,february #ad1 #ahga4 #cha4--,,steam ,,and ,,other ,,safety ,,valves4--,walter ,dawson ,scranton1 ,pa4 ,february #ae1 #ahga4 #chh4--;,,iron ,,rails ,,and ,,bars1 ,,and ,,modes ,,of ,,manufacturing ,,the ,,same4--,eldridge ,wheeler1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,february #ae1 #ahga4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,official ,,list ,,of ,,patents4 ,,issued ,,by ,,the ,u4 ,s4 ,,patent ,,office4 ,,for ,,the ,,week ,,ending ,,march #g1 #ahga4 ,reported ,officially for the ,scientific ,american4 ,,schedule ,,of ,,patent ,,fees ,on each ,caveat #aj ,on each ,trade-,mark #be ,on filing each application for a ,patent1 7seventeen years7 #ae ,on issuing each original ,patent #bj ,on appeal to ,examiners-in-,chief #aj ,on appeal to ,commissioner of ,patents #bj ,on application for ,reissue #cj ,on application for ,extension of ,patent #ej ,on granting the ,extension #ej ,on filing a ,disclaimer #aj ,on an application for ,design 7three and a half years7 #aj ,on an application for ,design 7seven years7 #ae ,on an application for ,design 7fourteen years7 #cj ,for ,copy of ,claim of any ,patent issued within #cj years #a ,a sketch from the model or drawing1 relating to such portion of a machine as the ,claim covers1 from #a upward1 but usually at the price above-named4 ,the full ,specification of any patent issued since ,nov4 #bj1 #ahff at which time the ,patent ,office commenced printing them #a4be ,official ,copies of ,drawings of any patent issued since #ahcf1 we can supply at a reasonable cost1 the price depending upon the amount of labor involved and the number of views4 ,full information1 as to price of drawings1 in each case1 may be had by addressing ,,munn ,,co41 ,,patent ,,solicitors1 #cg ,,park ,,row1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 #aab1cji4--;,,hose ,,sprinkler4--,william ,anderson1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 #aab1caj4--,,locomotive ,,spark ,,arrester4--,j4 ,g4 ,armstrong1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j4 #aab1caa4--,,tool ,,for ,,carriage ,,makers' ,,use4--,george ,atkinson1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 #aab1cab4--,,potato ,,probe4--,john ,a4 ,beal1 ,waterford1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1cac4--;,,hinge ,,for ,,carriage ,,doors4--,george ,w4 ,beers1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 #aab1cad4--,,stove ,,leg4--,james ,birckhead1 ,jr41 ,baltimore1 ,md4 #aab1cae4--;,,clothes ,,pin4--,orris ,a4 ,bishop1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 #aab1caf4--,,manufacture ,,of ,,rochelle ,,salts ,,and ,,borax4--,v4 ,g4 ,bloede1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1cag4--;,,beehive4--,felix ,brewer1 ,waynesville1 ,mo4 #aab1cah4--,,thill ,,coupling4--,theodore ,burr 7assignor to ,allen ,muir and ,henry ,muir71 ,battle ,creek1 ,mich4 #aab1cai4--;,,evaporating ,,pan ,,for ,,saccharine ,,liquids4--,f4 ,c4 ,butler1 ,bellows ,falls1 ,vt41 assignor to himself and ,james ,b4 ,williams1 ,glastonbury1 ,conn4 #aab1cbj4--;,,door ,,securer4--,william ,h4 ,caldwell1 ,wheeling1 ,w4 ,va4 #aab1cba4--,,toe-,,calk ,,bar4--,r4 ,b4 ,caswell1 ,springfield1 ,mass4 ,antedated ,march #b1 #ahga4 #aab1cbb4--;,,glass ,,flattening ,,furnace ,,and ,,leer4--,james ,clabby1 ,lenox1 ,mass4 #aab1cbc4--,,spring ,,bed ,,bottom4--,alex4 ,cole1 ,manamuskin1 ,n4 ,j4 #aab1cbd4--,,water ,,wheel4--,e4 ,e4 ,coleman1 ,west ,cummington1 ,mass4 #aab1cbe4--,,toy ,,horse ,,and ,,carriage4--,john ,b4 ,cuzner1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 #aab1cbf4--,,mackerel-,,line ,,holder4--,e4 ,l4 ,decker1 ,southport1 ,me4 #aab1cbg4--,,sewing ,,machine4--,j4 ,william ,dufour1 ,stratford1 ,conn4 #aab1cbh4--,,steam ,,boiler4--,edwards ,evans1 ,north ,tonawanda1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1cbi4--,,medical ,,compound ,,for ,,cure ,,of ,,catarrh ,,and ,,asthma4--,erastus ,field1 ,ostrander1 ,ohio4 #aab1ccj4--,,machine ,,for ,,grinding ,,the ,,cutters ,,of ,,mowers1 ,,etc4--,h4 ,c4 ,fisk1 ,wellsville1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1cca4--,,machine ,,for ,,making ,,hooks ,,and ,,eyes4--,jeremy ,t4 ,ford1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 #aab1ccb4--;,,churn4--,thompson ,freeman1 ,westfield1 ,ill4 #aab1ccc4--;,,attachment ,,for ,,revolving ,,mold ,,boards ,,for ,,plows4--,j4 ,s4 ,godfrey1 ,leslie1 ,mich41 assignor to himself and ,s4 ,m4 ,loveridge1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #aab1ccd4--;,,grain ,,cleaner ,,and ,,fertilizer ,,sifter4--,j4 ,a4 ,green1 ,mill ,dale1 ,va4 #aab1cce4--,,screw ,,propulsion4--,e4 ,c4 ,gregg 7assignor to ,a4 ,h4 ,gregg and ,c4 ,p4 ,gregg71 ,trumansburg1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1ccf4--,,seeding ,,machine4--,p4 ,m4 ,gundlach1 ,belleville1 ,ill4 #aab1ccg4--;,,compound ,,for ,,kindling ,,fires4--,j4 ,l4 ,hannum and ,s4 ,h4 ,stebbins1 ,berea1 ,ohio4 #aab1cch4--,,lawn ,,mower4--,benjamin ,harnish1 ,lancaster1 and ,d4 ,h4 ,harnish1 ,pequea1 ,pa4 #aab1cci4--;,,composition ,,for ,,pavements4--,c4 ,b4 ,harris1 ,new ,york city4 ,antedated ,february #be1 #ahgj4 #aab1cdj4--,,spring ,,for ,,vehicles4--,john ,r4 ,hiller1 ,woodland1 ,cal4 #aab1cda4--;,,harvester ,,rake4--,s4 ,t4 ,holly1 7assignor to ,john ,p4 ,manny71 ,rockford1 ,ill4 #aab1cdb4--;,,door ,,clamp4--,henry ,o4 ,hooper1 ,diamond ,springs1 ,cal4 #aab1cdc4--,,taper ,,holder4--,thomas ,w4 ,houchin1 ,morrisania1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1cdd4--,,metallic ,,garter4--,henry ,a4 ,house1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 #aab1cde4--;,,bobbin ,,winder4--,henry ,a4 ,house1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 #aab1cdf4--,,method ,,of ,,knitting ,,stockings1 ,,etc4--,henry ,a4 ,house1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 #aab1cdg4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,evaporating ,,and ,,concentrating ,,liquids4--,john ,howarth1 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,antedated ,march #a1 #ahga4 #aab1cdh4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,evaporating ,,and ,,concentrating ,,liquids4--,john ,howarth1 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,antedated ,march #a1 #ahga4 #aab1cdi4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,removing ,,oil ,,from ,,vegetable ,,and ,,other ,,matters4--,elias ,s4 ,hutchinson1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 #aab1cej4--;,,apparatus ,,and ,,process ,,for ,,removing ,,oil ,,from ,,grain1 ,,seeds1 ,,etc4--,elias ,s4 ,hutchinson1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 #aab1cea4--;,,chandelier4--,charles ,f4 ,jacobsen1 ,new ,york city4 #aab1ceb4--;,,culinary ,,vessel4--,carrie ,jessup1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 #aab1cec4--,,machine ,,for ,,cutting ,,leather4--,aberdeen ,keith1 ,north ,bridgewater1 ,mass4 #aab1ced4--;,,attaching ,,knobs ,,to ,,their ,,spindles4--,john ,f4 ,keller and ,nathaniel ,sehner1 ,hagerstown1 ,md4 #aab1cee4--,,miter ,,machine4--,t4 ,e4 ,king1 ,boston1 ,mass4 #aab1cef4--,,take-,,up ,,for ,,corset ,,looms4--,julius ,kuttner1 ,new ,york city4 #aab1ceg4--;,,elevator ,,and ,,carrier4--,t4 ,w4 ,lackore1 ,worth1 ,ill4 #aab1ceh4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,burning ,,hydrocarbon ,,oils4--,james ,r4 ,lee1 ,grass ,valley1 ,cal4 #aab1cei4--;,,burglar ,,alarm4--,robert ,lee1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 #aab1cfj4--,,telegraph ,,apparatus4--,l4 ,t4 ,lindsey1 ,jackson1 ,tenn4 #aab1cfa4--;,,harvester4--,j4 ,p4 ,manny1 ,rockford1 ,ill4 #aab1cfb4--;,,harvester4--,j4 ,p4 ,manny1 ,rockford1 ,ill4 #aab1cfc4--;,,harvester ,,rake4--,j4 ,p4 ,manny1 ,rockford1 ,ill4 #aab1cfd4--;,,cheese ,,curd ,,sink4--,h4 ,c4 ,markham1 ,collinsville1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1cfe4--,,mowing ,,machine4--,h4 ,c4 ,markham and ,dewitt ,c4 ,markham1 ,collinsville1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1cff4--,,propeller4--,alex4 ,j4 ,marshall1 ,warrenton1 ,va4 ,antedated ,march #c1 #ahga4 #aab1cfg4--,,oiler4--,edward ,mc,duff and ,e4 ,d4 ,forrow1 ,warwick1 ,r4 ,i4 #aab1cfh4--,,wash ,,boiler4--,john ,mc,innes1 ,oxford1 ,pa4 #aab1cfi4--,,propelling ,,canal ,,boats4--,h4 ,b4 ,meech1 ,fort ,edward1 ,n4 ,y4 ,antedated ,february #be1 #ahga4 #aab1cgj4--,,water-,,proof ,,compound ,,for ,,coating ,,cloth ,,wood1 ,,metals1 ,,etc4--,peter ,e4 ,minor1 ,schenectady1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1cga4--;,,cooking ,,stove4--,w4 ,n4 ,moore1 ,neenah1 ,wis4 #aab1cgb4--;,,boring ,,machine4--,j4 ,h4 ,pardieck 7assignor to himself and ,s4 ,m4 ,brown71 ,acton1 ,ind4 #aab1cgc4--,,vapor ,,burner4--,r4 ,w4 ,park1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #aab1cgd4--,,machine ,,for ,,pointing ,,blanks ,,for ,,cultivator ,,teeth4--,john ,pedder and ,george ,abel1 ,west ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #aab1cge4--;,,bale ,,tie4--,j4 ,e4 ,perkins1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 #aab1cgf4--,,lining ,,walls ,,with ,,felt1 ,,etc4--,james ,phillips1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 #aab1cgg4--;,,cooking ,,stove4--,samuel ,pierce1 ,boston1 ,mass4 #aab1cgh4--,,tack4--,a4 ,a4 ,porter1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,antedated ,feb4 #be1 #ahga4 #aab1cgi4--,,machine ,,for ,,shaping ,,and ,,cutting ,,gear ,,cutters4--,f4 ,a4 ,pratt 7assignor to the ,pratt ,whitney ,company71 ,hartford1 ,conn4 #aab1chj4--;,,combination ,,camera ,,and ,,developing ,,box4--,e4 ,c4 ,ratzell1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #aab1cha4--,,punching ,,machine4--,j4 ,c4 ,rhodes1 ,south ,abington1 ,mass4 #aab1chb4--,,washing ,,machine4--,j4 ,w4 ,ricker1 ,chelsea1 ,mass4 #aab1chc4--;,,curtain ,,fixture4--,charles ,robin4 ,chester1 ,conn4 #aab1chd4--,,machine ,,for ,,making ,,printers' ,,leads4--,isaac ,schoenberg1 ,new ,york city4 #aab1che4--,,slide ,,valve ,,for ,,steam ,,riveting ,,machines4--,coleman ,sellers 7assignor to ,william ,sellers ,co471 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #aab1chf4--,,machine ,,for ,,polishing ,,thread4--,samuel ,semple1 ,sr41 ,john ,semple1 ,samuel ,semple1 ,jr41 and ,r4 ,a4 ,semple1 ,mount ,holly1 ,n4 ,j4 #aab1chg4--,,paint ,,brush4--,f4 ,s4 ,shearer1 ,washington1 ,ill4 #aab1chh4--;,,bee ,,hive4--,s4 ,a4 ,short1 ,f4 ,j4 ,short1 ,j4 ,b4 ,short1 and ,jasper ,kile1 ,decatur1 ,ala4 #aab1chi4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,removing ,,oil ,,from ,,vegetable ,,and ,,other ,,matter4--,thomas ,sim1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 #aab1cij4--,,retort ,,for ,,producing ,,bisulphide ,,of ,,carbon4--,thomas ,sim1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 #aab1cia4--,,utilizing ,,the ,,silky ,,down ,,of ,,the ,,wild ,,cotton4--,m4 ,h4 ,simpson1 ,boston1 ,mass4 #aab1cib4--,,pruning ,,shears4--,frank ,smiley1 ,batavia1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1cic4--,,water-,,closet ,,valve4--,a4 ,j4 ,smith1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 #aab1cid4--;,,gang ,,plow4--,j4 ,w4 ,sursa1 ,san ,leandro1 ,cal4 #aab1cie4--;,,grinding ,,pan ,,and ,,amalgamator4--,w4 ,h4 ,thoss1 ,west ,point1 ,cal4 #aab1cif4--,,street ,,lantern4--,augustus ,tufts1 ,malden1 ,mass4 #aab1cig4--;,,cooking ,,stove4--,alvin ,warren1 ,swanton1 ,ohio4 #aab1cih4--,,safety ,,bridle4--,james ,weatherhead1 ,san ,jos1 ,cal4 #aab1cii4--;,,fire ,,grate4--,george ,wellhouse1 ,akron1 ,ohio4 #aab1djj4--;,,hay ,,knife4--,g4 ,f4 ,weymouth1 ,dresden1 ,me4 #aab1dja4--;,,claw ,,bar4--,charles ,winter1 ,chillicothe1 ,ohio4 #aab1djb4--,,steam ,,generator4--,j4 ,c4 ,woodhead1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #aab1djc4--;,,animal ,,trap4--,w4 ,d4 ,wrightson1 ,queenstown ,england4 #aab1djd4--;,,brush4--,john ,ames1 ,lansingburg1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1dje4--;,,clod ,,fender4--,f4 ,l4 ,bailey1 ,freeport1 ,ind4 #aab1djf4--,,ruler4--,h4 ,s4 ,ball1 ,spartanburg1 ,s4 ,c4 #aab1djg4--;,,fanning ,,mill4--,benjamin ,barney1 ,time1 ,ill4 #aab1djh4--;,,ice-,,cutting ,,machine4--,lafayett ,barnum 7assignor to himself and ,a4 ,r4 ,hale71 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 #aab1dji4--,,manufacture ,,of ,,ice4--,t4 ,j4 ,bigger1 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo4 #aab1daj4--,,machine ,,for ,,heading ,,bolts ,,and ,,spikes4--,reinhold ,boeklen1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 assignor to himself and ,henry ,torstrick ,new ,york city4 ,antedated ,feb4 #bh1 #ahga4 #aab1daa4--,,washing ,,machine4--,joseph ,boswell1 ,l4 ,m4 ,boswell1 ,jonathan ,palmer1 and ,j4 ,h4 ,james 7assignors to themselves and ,thomas ,starbuck71 ,wilmington1 ,ohio4 #aab1dab4--,,water ,,wheel4--,e4 ,c4 ,boyles1 ,new ,york city4 #aab1dac4--;,,cotton ,,press4--,r4 ,m4 ,brooks1 ,pike county1 ,ga4 #aab1dad4--,,paper-,,cutting ,,machine4--,samuel ,brown 7assignor to himself and ,c4 ,r4 ,carver71 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #aab1dae4--;,,governor ,,for ,,direct-,,acting ,,engines4--,a4 ,s4 ,cameron1 ,new ,york city4 #aab1daf4--;,,governor ,,for ,,direct-,,acting ,,engines4--,a4 ,s4 ,cameron1 ,new ,york city4 #aab1dag4--;,,butt ,,hinge4--,j4 ,w4 ,carleton 7assignor to the ,union ,manufacturing ,co471 ,new ,britain1 ,conn4 #aab1dah4--,,machine ,,for ,,cutting ,,sheet ,,metal4--,c4 ,r4 ,choate1 ,east ,saginaw1 ,mich4 #aab1dai4--;,,bit ,,brace4--,william ,cleveland1 ,lawrence1 ,mass41 assignor to himself and ,james ,swan1 ,seymour1 ,conn4 #aab1dbj4--,,steam ,,engine ,,governor4--,c4 ,a4 ,cond1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 #aab1dba4--;,,carpet-,,cleaning ,,machine4--,j4 ,c4 ,craft 7assignor to himself and ,antonio ,rosello71 ,baltimore1 ,md4 #aab1dbb4--,,steam ,,regulator ,,for ,,paper ,,dryers4--,daniel ,crosby1 ,hampden1 ,me4 #aab #dbc4--,,metallic ,,piston ,,and ,,valve ,,rod ,,packing4--,g4 ,m4 ,cruickshank1 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 #aab1dbd4--;,,grain-,,thrashing ,,and ,,separating ,,machine4--,john ,culham1 ,grand ,rapids1 ,mich4 ,antedated ,feb4 #be1 #ahga4 #aab1dbe4--;,,cooking ,,stove4--,david ,curtis1 ,mishawaka1 assignor to himself and ,c4 ,b4 ,graham1 ,south ,bend1 ,ind4 #aab1dbf4--,,lightning ,,rod4--,s4 ,d4 ,cushman1 ,new ,lisbon1 ,ohio4 #aab1dbg4--;,,hose ,,bridge4--,patrick ,daily 7assignor to himself and ,j4 ,j4 ,kehoe71 ,new ,york city4 #aab1dbh4--;,,cover ,,for ,,openings ,,in ,,sidewalks4--,william ,dale1 ,new ,york city4 #aab1dbi4--,,rotary ,,pump4--,f4 ,o4 ,deschamps1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #aab1dcj4--,,machine ,,for ,,cutting ,,files4--,james ,dodge1 ,manchester1 ,england1 assignor to ,david ,blake1 ,spencertown1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1dca4--;,,coupling ,,for ,,railway ,,cars4--,henry ,dubs and ,s4 ,g4 ,goodall-,copestake1 ,glasgow1 ,great ,britain4 #aab1dcb4--,,tobacco ,,pipe4--,p4 ,j4 ,dwyer1 ,elizabethport1 ,n4 ,j4 #aab1dcc4--;,,basket ,,for ,,house ,,plants4--,albert ,p4 ,eastman1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 #aab1dcd4--,,sulky ,,plow4--,milo ,a4 ,elliott1 ,stratford ,hollow1 ,n4 ,h4 #aab1dce4--,,stretcher ,,for ,,paintings4--,james ,fairman1 ,new ,york city4 #aab1dcf4--;,,body ,,lantern ,,holder4--,samuel ,c4 ,fessenden1 ,stamford1 ,conn4 #aab1dcg4--,,stove ,,leg4--,amon ,l4 ,finch1 ,sing ,sing1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1dch4--,,pump ,,piston4--,john ,s4 ,follansbee and ,george ,doolittle 7assignors to the ,forrester ,manufacturing ,company71 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 #aab1dci4--,,shoe4--,samuel ,w4 ,francis 7assignor to himself and ,w4 ,h4 ,newton71 ,newport1 ,r4 ,i4 #aab1ddj4--;,,guard-,,finger ,,for ,,harvesters4--,george ,fyfe and ,chester ,hard1 ,ottawa1 ,ill4 #aab1dda4--;,,dining ,,table4--,s4 ,r4 ,gardner 7assignor to himself and ,s4 ,m4 ,marquette71 ,independence1 ,iowa4 #aab1ddb4--,,step ,,ladder4--,m4 ,boland ,geary1 ,new ,york ,city4 #aab1ddc4--,,oilcloth ,,printing ,,machinery4--,ebenezer ,a4 ,goodes 7assignor to ,philadelphia ,patent and ,novelty ,company71 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #aab1ddd4--,,tenoning ,,machine4--,lyman ,gould1 ,norwich1 ,conn4 #aab1dde4--,,printer',s ,,case4--,wm4 ,h4 ,a4 ,gresham1 ,atlanta1 ,ga4 #aab1ddf4--,,lamp ,,chimney4--,geo4 ,w4 ,griswold1 ,factoryville1 ,pa4 #aab1ddg4--;,,grain ,,separator4--,philander ,griswold1 ,hudson1 ,mich4 #aab1ddh4--;,,clamp ,,for ,,thill ,,couplings4--,john ,w4 ,guider 7assignor to himself and ,john ,kiefer71 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,mo4 #aab1ddi4--;,,bird ,,cage4--,gottlob ,gunther1 ,new ,york city4 #aab1dej4--,,stop ,,cock ,,and ,,valve4--,william ,haas1 ,new ,york city4 #aab1dea4--,,valve ,,for ,,steam ,,engines4--,joseph ,l4 ,harley1 ,baltimore1 ,md41 and ,xaver ,fendrich1 ,georgetown1 ,d4 ,c4 #aab1deb4--,,metallic ,,hub4--,john ,h4 ,harper1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #aab1dec4--;,,composition ,,for ,,lubricating ,,machinery4--,e4 ,q4 ,henderson 7assignor to ,john ,c4 ,burroughs and ,richard ,a4 ,springs7 ,charlotte1 ,n4 ,c4 #aab1ded4--,,post-,,hole ,,digger4--,bryant ,b4 ,herrick1 ,decatur1 ,mich4 #aab1dee4--;,,door ,,check4--,levi ,s4 ,hicks 7assignor to himself1 ,j4 ,perrin ,johnson1 and ,john ,buell71 ,peoria1 ,ill4 #aab1def4--,,railway-,,car ,,brake4--,luther ,hill1 ,stoneham1 and ,seth ,d4 ,tripp1 ,lynn1 ,mass4 #aab1deg4--,,truss4--,adam ,hinoult1 ,montgomery1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1deh4--;,,feed ,,bag ,,for ,,horses4--,walter ,a4 ,hough1 ,south ,butler1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1dei4--,,shade ,,holder ,,for ,,lamps--,mark ,w4 ,house1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 #aab1dfj4--,,lamp ,,chimney4--,mark ,wiggins ,house 7assignor to the ,cleveland ,non-,explosive ,lamp ,company71 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,antedated ,march #a1 #ahga4 #aab1dfa4--;,,horse ,,hay ,,rake4--,james ,howard and ,e4 ,t4 ,bousfield1 ,bedford1 ,england4 #aab1dfb4--,,tongs ,,for ,,rolling ,,barrels4--,mark ,w4 ,ingle1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 #aab1dfc4--,,pitman4--,george ,w4 ,jayson1 ,lodi1 ,ohio4 #aab1dfd4--,,paste ,,for ,,paper ,,hangings4--,john ,jones 7assignor to himself and ,henry ,a4 ,smith71 ,new ,york city4 #aab1dfe4--,,twine ,,holder4--,edward ,m4 ,judd1 ,new ,haven1 ,ct4 #aab1dff4--;,,clothes ,,pin ,,or ,,clasp4--,amos ,l4 ,keeports and ,william ,yount1 ,littletown1 ,pa4 #aab1dfg4--,,putting ,,up ,,hams4--,samuel ,edward ,kelly1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #aab1dfh4--,,limn ,,kiln4--,thomas ,a4 ,kirk1 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo4 #aab1dfi4--;,,fastening ,,for ,,seats ,,for ,,wagons ,,or ,,sleighs4--,john ,g4 ,knapp and ,john ,f4 ,robertson 7assignors of one third their right to ,james ,h4 ,holly71 ,warwick1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1dgj4--,,potato ,,planter4--,george ,knowlton 7assignor for one-half his right to ,n4 ,haynes71 ,johnstown1 ,pa4 #aab1dga4--,,revolving ,,firearm4--,edwin ,s4 ,leaycroft1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 assignor by mesne assignment1 to ,colt's ,patent ,firearms ,manufacturing ,company1 ,hartford1 ,conn4 #aab1dgb4--,,revolving ,,firearm4--,edwin ,s4 ,leaycroft1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 assignor1 by mesne assignment1 to ,colt's ,patent ,firearms ,manufacturing ,company1 ,hartford1 ,conn4 #aab1dgc4--,,railroad ,,cattle-,,guard ,,gate4--,j4 ,h4 ,mallory1 ,la ,porte1 ,ind4 #aab1dgd4--;,,back-,,reflecting ,,mirror4--,richard ,mason 7assignor to himself and ,matthew ,ely71 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 #aab1dge4--,,ventilator ,,and ,,chimney ,,top4--,james ,mc,gowan 7assignor to himself and ,daniel ,h4 ,waring71 ,new ,york city4 #aab1dgf4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,rectifying ,,and ,,refining ,,spirits4--,frederick ,measey 7assignor to himself and ,henry ,d4 ,fling71 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #aab1dgg4--,,tin ,,can4--,john ,f4 ,merrill 7assignor to himself and ,alexander ,stewart71 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 #aab1dgh4--,,take-,,up ,,mechanism ,,for ,,looms4--,john ,michna and ,joseph ,fischer1 ,new ,york city4 #aab1dgi4--;,,combined ,,baker ,,and ,,broiler4--,wm4 ,h4 ,miller1 ,brandenburg1 ,ky4 #aab1dhj4--,,shuttle ,,for ,,sewing ,,machines4--,james ,d4 ,moore1 ,grinnell1 ,iowa4 #aab1dha4--;,,cotton ,,chopper ,,and ,,grain ,,cultivator4--,daniel ,mosely1 ,osark1 ,arkansas4 #aab1dhb4--,,sad ,,and ,,fluting ,,iron4--,frederick ,myers1 ,new ,york city4 #aab1dhc4--,,reed ,,for ,,organs ,,and ,,melodeons4--,augustus ,newell1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 #aab1dhd4--,,straw ,,cutter4--,amon ,park1 ,germanville1 ,iowa4 #aab1dhe4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,aging ,,whisky ,,and ,,other ,,spirits4--,josiah ,peiffer and ,samuel ,richards1 ,valonia1 ,pa4 #aab1dhf4--;,,combined ,,cotton ,,and ,,corn ,,planter4--,louis ,a4 ,perrault 7assignor to himself and ,joseph ,huber71 ,natchez1 ,miss4 #aab1dhg4--;,,faucet4--,solomon ,pfleger1 ,reading1 assignor to himself and ,j4 ,s4 ,pfleger1 ,tamaqua1 ,pa4 #aab1dhh4--,,treadle4--,george ,k4 ,proctor1 ,salem1 ,mass4 #aab1dhi4--,,lubricating ,,compound4--,victory ,purdy1 ,poughkeepsie1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1dij4--;,,fertilizer ,,and ,,seeding ,,machine4--,archibald ,putnam 7assignor to ,elizabeth ,putnam71 ,owego1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1dia4--,,rotary ,,pump4--,george ,w4 ,putnam1 ,south ,glens ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1dib4--;,,hat ,,brush4--,robert ,dunbar ,radcliffe1 ,palmyra1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1dic4--,,refrigerating ,,show ,,case4--,thomas ,l4 ,rankin1 ,lyndon1 ,kansas1 assignor to himself and ,d4 ,w4 ,rockwell1 ,elyria1 ,ohio4 #aab1did4--;,,device ,,for ,,starting ,,and ,,stopping ,,cars4--,philip ,rhoads1 ,carlisle1 ,pa4 #aab1die4--,,pipe-,,molding ,,machine4--,george ,richardson1 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4 #aab1dif4--,,sulky ,,cultivator4--,richard ,b4 ,robbins1 ,adrian1 ,mich4 #aab1dig4--;,,hand ,,plow4--,nelson ,rue1 ,harrodsburg1 ,ky4 #aab1dih4--,,mechanical ,,movement4--,edward ,g4 ,russell1 ,ravenna1 ,ohio4 #aab1dii4--,,railway ,,car ,,brake4--,lyman ,alphonzo ,russell1 ,shrewsbury1 ,vt4 #aab1ejj4--,,stovepipe ,,cleaner4--,david ,sanford1 ,ashton1 ,ill4 #aab1eja4--,,twine ,,holder4--,joseph ,b4 ,sargent and ,purmont ,bradford 7assignors to ,sargent ,co471 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 #aab1ejb4--;,,dovetailing ,,machine4--,james ,m4 ,seymour1 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 #aab1ejc4--,,wooden ,,pavement4--,eaton ,shaw1 ,portland1 ,me4 #aab1ejd4--;,,guard ,,for ,,circular ,,saws4--,george ,w4 ,shipman1 ,ischua1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1eje4--;,,breech-,,loading ,,firearm4--,dexter ,smith and ,martin ,j4 ,chamberlin1 ,springfield1 ,mass4 #aab1ejf4--,,spark ,,arrester4--,james ,smith1 ,altoona1 ,pa4 #aab1ejg4--;,,horse ,,hay ,,rake4--,solomon ,p4 ,smith1 ,waterford1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1ejh4--,,plow4--,s4 ,m4 ,stewart1 ,new ,harrisburg1 ,ohio4 #aab1eji4--,,medical ,,compound ,,for ,,treating ,,fever ,,and ,,ague4--,george ,e4 ,swan1 ,mount ,vernon1 ,ohio4 #aab1eaj4--;,,device ,,for ,,cooling ,,journals ,,of ,,car ,,axles4--,henry ,g4 ,thompson1 ,milford1 ,conn4 #aab1eaa4--;,,cooling ,,journal ,,of ,,car ,,axles4--,henry ,g4 ,thompson1 ,milford1 ,conn4 #aab1eab4--;,,cooling ,,journal ,,of ,,car-,,wheel ,,axles4--,henry ,g4 ,thompson1 ,milford1 ,conn4 #aab1eac4--;,,device ,,for ,,cooling ,,journals ,,of ,,railway ,,cars4--,henry ,g4 ,thompson1 ,milford1 ,conn4 #aab1ead4--,,non-,,heating ,,handle ,,for ,,sad ,,irons1 ,,etc4--,william ,h4 ,towers1 ,boston1 ,mass4 #aab1eae4--,,lubricator4--,john ,erst ,uhl1 ,renovo1 ,pa4 #aab1eaf4--;,,combined ,,corn ,,planter ,,and ,,cultivator4--,franklin ,underwood1 ,south ,rutland1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1eag4--,,king ,,bolt4--,wendel ,vondersaar1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 #aab1eah4--,,wheat ,,roaster4--,george ,w4 ,waitt 7assignor to himself and ,robert ,b4 ,fitts71 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #aab1eai4--,,plaster ,,sower4--,thomas ,j4 ,west1 ,alfred ,center1 ,n4 ,y4 #aab1ebj4--,,ticket ,,holder4--,henry ,wexel1 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 #aab1eba4--,,tobacco ,,press4--,abraham ,n4 ,zell1 ,lancaster1 ,pa4 #aab1ebb4--;,,combined ,,bag ,,holder ,,and ,,scales4--,william ,zimmerman1 ,lebanon1 ,pa4 ,antedated ,february #be1 #ahga4 #aab1ebc4--;,,breech-,,loading ,,firearm4--,james ,m4 ,mason1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,reissues4 #d1bhg4--,,treating ,,fruits ,,to ,,dry1 ,,saccharify1 ,,and ,,preserve ,,them4--,charles ,alden1 ,newburg1 assignor of part interest to ,alden ,fruit ,preserving ,company1 ,new ,york city4 ,patent ,no4 #ajj1hce1 dated ,march #e1 #ahgj2 reissue ,no4 #d1jaa1 dated ,june #g1 #ahgj4 #d1bhh4--;,,device ,,for ,,securing ,,pulleys ,,to ,,shaft4--,john ,h4 ,buckman 7assignor to himself and ,peter ,w4 ,reinshagen71 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,patent ,no4 #ih1add1 dated ,december #ba1 #ahci4 #d1bhi4--,,shawl ,,strap4--,george ,crouch1 ,westport1 ,conn4 ,patent ,no4 #hb1fjf1 dated ,september #bi1 #ahfh4 #d1bij4--;,,atmospheric ,,dental ,,plate4--,nehemiah ,t4 ,folsom1 ,laconia1 ,n4 ,h4 ,patent ,no4 #fj1hga1 dated ,january #a1 #ahfg4 #d1bia4--,,pessary4--,william ,r4 ,gardner1 ,leonardsville1 ,n4 ,y4 ,patent ,no4 #aje1aia1 dated ,july #ab1 #ahgj4 #d1bib4--;,,division ,a4--,,skate4--,james ,l4 ,plimpton1 ,new ,york city4 ,patent ,no4 #cg1cje1 dated ,january #f1 #ahfc2 reissue ,no4 #c1ijf1 dated ,april #e1 #ahgj4 #d1bic4--;,,division ,b4--,,skate4--,james ,l4 ,plimpton1 ,new ,york city4 ,patent ,no4 #cg1cje1 dated ,january #f1 #ahfc2 reissue ,no4 #c1ijf1 dated ,april #e1 #ahgj4 #d1bid4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,pitching ,,barrels4--,louis ,schulze1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,patent ,no4 #ajf1ifd1 dated ,august #cj1 #ahgj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,designs4 #d1fid4--,,picture ,,frame4--,john ,h4 ,bellamy1 ,charlestown1 ,mass4 #d1fie4--;,,bell ,,crank ,,and ,,escutcheon4--,pietro ,cinquini1 ,west ,meriden1 ,conn41 assignor to ,parker ,whipple ,company4 #d1fif4--,,pedestal ,,for ,a ,,cake ,,dish4--,george ,gill 7assignor to ,reed ,barton71 ,taunton1 ,mass4 #d1fig4--,,table ,,caster4--,william ,parkin 7assignor to ,reed ,barton71 ,taunton1 ,mass4 #d1fih4--;,,buckle ,,frame4--,john ,e4 ,smith1 ,waterbury1 ,conn4 #d1fii4--;,,back ,,of ,a ,,chair ,,or ,,sofa4--,george ,unverzagt1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,trade-,,marks4 #ahb4--;,,hat4--,nathan ,a4 ,baldwin1 ,milford1 ,conn41 ,james ,h4 ,prentice1 ,brooklyn1 and ,john ,r4 ,waller1 ,new ,york city4 #ahc4--,,spool ,,cotton4--,lewis ,coleman ,co41 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ahd4--,,salve4--,robert ,dobbins1 ,binghamton1 ,n4 ,y4 #ahe4--,,soap4--,leberman ,co41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ahf4--,,medicine4--,ridenour1 ,coblentz ,co41 ,springfield1 ,ohio4 #ahg4--,,paper4--,union ,manufacturing ,company1 ,springfield1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extensions4 ,,wagons4--,edgar ,huson1 ,ithaca1 ,n4 ,y4 ,letters ,patent ,no4 #af1fdh1 dated ,february #ag1 #aheg2 reissue ,no4 #b1ejj1 dated ,march #e1 #ahfg4 ,,operating ,,valve ,,of ,,steam ,,engine4--,samuel ,r4 ,wilmot1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 ,letters ,patent ,no4 #af1ffh1 dated ,february #ag1 #aheg4 ,,hinges4--,john ,david ,browne1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,letters ,patent ,no4 #af1fgh1 dated ,february #bd1 #aheg4 ,,keeper ,,for ,,right ,,and ,,left ,,hand ,,door ,,locks4--,calvin ,adams1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,letters ,patent ,no4 #af1fgf1 dated ,february #bd1 #aheg4 ,,solar ,,camera4--,david ,a4 ,woodward1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,letters ,patent ,no4 #af1gjj1 dated ,february #bd1 #aheg2 reissue ,no4 #b1caa1 dated ,july #aj1 #ahff4 ,,cast ,,seamless ,,thimble ,,skeins ,,for ,,wagons4--,john ,benedict1 ,kenosha1 ,wis41 administrator of ,andrew ,leonard1 deceased4 ,letters ,patent ,no4 #af1fhh1 dated ,february #bd1 #aheg2 reissue ,no4 #ege1 dated ,july #bg1 #aheh2 reissue ,no4 #a1bbi1 dated ,october #h1 #ahfa4 ,,mode ,,of ,,casting ,,seamless ,,skeins ,,for ,,wagons4--,john ,benedict1 ,kenosha1 ,wis41 administrator of ,andrew ,leonard1 deceased4 ,letters ,patent ,no4 #af1fhh1 dated ,february #bd1 #aheg2 reissue ,no4 #ege1 dated ,july #bg1 #aheh2 reissue ,no4 #a1bbh1 dated ,october #h1 #ahfa4 ,,breech-,,loading ,,firearms4--,william ,cleveland ,hicks1 ,summit1 ,n4 ,j4 ,letters ,patent ,no4 #af1gig1 dated ,march #aj1 #aheg2 reissue ,no4 #a1ieb1 dated ,may #i1 #ahfe2 reissue ,no4 #c1gih1 dated ,january #ah1 #ahgj2 reissue ,no4 #c1hfj1 dated ,march #a1 #ahgj4 ,,seeding ,,machine4--,lewis ,b4 ,myers and ,henry ,a4 ,myers1 ,elmore1 ,ohio4 ,letters ,patent ,no4 #af1ggb1 dated ,march #c1 #aheg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,disclaimer4 ,,solar ,,camera4--,david ,a4 ,woodward1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,letters ,patent ,no4 #af1gjj1 dated ,february #bd1 #aheg2 reissue ,no4 #b1caa1 dated ,july #aj1 #ahff4 ,filed ,february #bc1 #ahga4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,city ,,subscribers4--,,the ,,scientific ,,american will be delivered in every part of the city at #c4ej a year4 ,single copies for sale at the ,news-stands in this city1 ,brooklyn1 ,jersey ,city1 and ,williamsburgh1 and by most of the ,news ,dealers in the ,united ,states4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,receipts--,when money is paid at the office for subscriptions1 a receipt for it will be given2 but when subscribers remit their money by mail1 they may consider the arrival of the first paper a bona-fide acknowledgment of their funds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,advertisements4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the value of the ,,scientific ,,american as an advertising medium cannot be over-estimated4 ,its circulation is ten times greater than that of any similar journal now published4 ,it goes into all the ,states and ,territories1 and is read in all the principal libraries and reading-rooms of the world4 ,we invite the attention of those who wish to make their business known to the annexed rates4 ,a business man wants something more than to see his advertisement in a printed newspaper4 ,he wants circulation4 ,if it is worth #be cents per line to advertise in a paper of three thousand circulation1 it is worth #b4ej per line to advertise in one of thirty thousand4 ,,rates ,,of ,,advertising4 ,,back ,,page - - - - #a4jj ,a ,,line1 ,,inside ,,page - - - #ge ,,cents ,a ,,line1 for each insertion4 ,engravings may head advertisements at the same rate per line1 by measurement1 as the letter-press4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,knitted ,,goods4 ,,john ,,kent is now in ,england1 completing arrangements so as to be able to supply his ,american friends with his improved ,knitting ,machines with greater dispatch1 and with all the latest improvements4 ,he would beg to call especial attention to ,the ,improved ,rib ,top ,frame1 now so well known1 and acknowledged to be the best rib top frame ever built1 for speed and quality of goods produced4 ,price1 delivered free in ,new ,york1 #ebj1 currency4 ,the ,improved ,circular ,web ,frame1 for drawers and shirts1 built of any size and gage4 ,price for a #d-;head set1 #ag inch to #bj inch diameter1 #haj1 currency1 delivered free in ,new ,york4 ,the ,circular ,stocking ,frame1 from #b in4 to #e in4 diameter4 ,these circular frames1 with my last improvements1 are as near perfection as possible4 ,the ,patent ,full-fashioned ,shirt1 ,drawers and ,stocking ,frames produce the most perfect goods ever made by steam-power machinery1 and cost fifty per cent less to keep in repair than any other ,knitting ,machine4 ,built #aj to #bd gage1 and from #cj to #adj inch wide1 to order4 ,the ,improved ,circular ,looping ,frame1 for putting on shirt cuffs1 drawers bands1 clearing the top of circular shirts1 c41 built to order1 of any size1 from #b in4 to #bb in4 diameter1 and of any gage4 ,steel ,needles and ,sinkers to pattern4 ,persons wishing to order while ,mr4 ,kent is in ,england1 will please address ,,john ,,kent1 ,nottingham1 up to ,april #abth1 or1 if they prefer1 may send through depot4 ,address ,,john ,,kent1 #cdh ,pearl st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pumps4--,for ,description1 ,price ,lists etc41 of the ,best ,centrifugal ,pump ever invented1 with ,overwhelming ,testimony in its favor1 send for new illustrated pamphlet 7#dj pp47 to ,messrs4 ,,heald1 ,,sisco ,,co41 ,baldwinsville1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,brick ,,presses4 ,,for ,,red ,,and ,,fire ,,brick4 ,factory #cji ,s4 ,fifth street1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,s4 ,p4 ,,miller4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,st4 ,,joseph1 ,mo41 ,nov4 #aj1 #ahgj4 ,t4 ,r4 ,,bailey ,,vail1 ,,lockport1 ,n4 ,y43 ,,gentlemen3--,the ,lathe you shipped me has arrived1 and ,i have it in full operation4 ,it works perfectly1 and ,i think it the best lathe made in the world for ,bedstead and ,chair work4 ,i would recommend it to any one desirous of obtaining such a lathe4 ,yours truly1 ,h4 ,r4 ,,bristol4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,woolen ,,mill ,,for ,,sale4 ,with ,house and #c acres of land1 ,seymour1 ,ct41 7,naugatuck ,valley17 #b miles from ,r4 ,r4 depot4 ,never-failing stream4 #c ft4 fall1 dam and wheel in good condition4 ,inquire of ,,jas4 ,,ormsbee1 on the premises4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,portable ,,stationary ,,steam ,,engines ,,and ,,hoisting ,,engines4 ,a good article at low prices4 ,every machine warranted4 ,send for descriptive ,price ,list4 ,h4 ,b4 ,,bigelow ,,co41 ,,new ,,haven1 ,,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,patent ,,bandsaw ,,machines ,illustration ,of the most approved kinds1 of various sizes1 to saw bevel as well as square1 without inclining the table1 by ,,first ,,pryibil1 #deb to #def ,tenth ave41 ,new ,york4 ,price #bej1 #bge1 #cej1 and #djj4 ,at present 7,oct4 #af71 there are in operation1 in this city alone1 #hh of our machines4 ,send for circular4 ,manufacture1 also1 an improved saw-filing apparatus2 price1 #cj4 ,have also on hand a large stock of best ,,french ,,bandsaw ,,blades4 99 99 99 99 99 ,l4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,feuchtwanger1 #ee ,,cedar ,,st41 ,,new ,,york1 ,,chemists1 ,,manufacturers1 ,,and ,,importers ,,of ,,specialities1 ,,silicates1 ,,soda ,,and ,,potash1 ,,chloride ,,of ,,calcium1 ,,peroxide ,,of ,,manganese1 ,,hydrofluoric ,,acid1 ,,metallic ,,oxides1 ,,steel ,,and ,,glass ,,makers' ,,and ,,potters' ,,articles1 ,,publishers ,,of ,,treatises ,,on ,,soluble ,,glass1 ,,gems1 ,,and ,,fermented ,,liquors4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pimlico ,,braces1 ,,something ,,new4 ,,this invention is based on a strictly scientific principle1 and is a valuable improvement on old style suspenders4 ,it is simple in construction1 and combines the qualities of ,brace and ,suspender4 ,they are unequaled for elegance1 durability and comfort4 ,manufactured at the ,monumental ,silk ,works1 ,baltimore4 ,,john ,m4 ,,davies ,,co41 ,sole ,agents1 #chd #chf ,b'd'y1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,j4 ,,armstrong',s 7,patent7 ,,improved ,,heater1 ,,filter1 ,,lime ,,extractor1 ,,and ,,condenser ,,combined1 ,,for ,,steam ,,boilers4 ,illustration ,,manufactured ,,by ,,armstrong ,,starr1 ,toledo1 ,ohio4 ,send for ,circulars4 ,formerly ,armstrong ,welsh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,sale4--,an ,engine1 #abcf in4 cylinder1 and two ,boilers1 #dae feet1 in good order1 will be sold cheap4 ,j4 ,j4 ,,taylor ,,co41 #fh ,courtlandt st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hunting1 ,trapping and ,fishing4 ,all about it4 ,,sent ,,free4 ,address ,,hunter1 ,hinsdale1 ,n4 ,h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,first ,,premium awarded by ,am4 ,inst41 #ahgj ,,microscopes1 ,illustrated price list and catalogues ,,magic ,,lanterns1 free to any address4 ,t4 ,h4 ,mc,a,l,l,i,s,t,e,r1 ,optician1 #di ,nassau st41 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,rare and ,beautiful ,flowers --,,and-- ,,choice ,,vegetables ,can always be obtained by ,sowing ,illustration3 ,,bliss',s ,,select ,,garden ,,seeds4 ,,bliss',s ,,select ,,garden ,,seeds4 ,the ,seventeenth ,annual ,edition of their celebrated ,,seed ,,catalogue ,,and ,,guide ,,to ,,the ,,flower ,,and ,,kitchen ,,garden1 is now ready for distribution4 ,it contains ,,four ,,beautifully ,,colored ,,lithographs1 and about #cjj choice ,engravings of favorite ,flowers and ,vegetables1 #acf pages of closely-printed matter1 and a list of ,twenty-five ,hundred species and varieties of ,flower and ,vegetable ,seeds1 with explicit directions for their culture1 and much other useful information upon the subject of ,gardening4 ,a copy will be mailed to all applicants inclosing #be cts4 ,regular customers supplied gratis4 ,address ,b4 ,k4 ,,bliss ,,sons1 ,nos4 #bc ,park ,place1 and #bj ,murray st41 ,p4 ,o4 ,box ,no4 #egab4 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,science ,,for ,,the ,,million4 ,,the ,,boston ,,journal ,,of ,,chemistry1 ,,devoted ,,to ,,the ,,science ,,of ,,home ,,life1 ,,the ,,arts1 ,,agriculture1 ,,and ,,medicine4 ,,james ,r4 ,,nichols1 ,m4 ,d41 ,,william ,a4 ,,rolfe1 ,a4 ,m41 ,editors4 ,,one ,,dollar ,,per ,,year4 ,a paper which commends itself at once to ,physicians1 ,druggists1 ,chemists1 ,teachers1 ,farmers1 ,mechanics--in short1 to ,professional and ,practical ,men of every class4 ,the ,domestic ,recipes and ,formul for ,art ,processes are of themselves worth many times the cost of subscription4 --- ,,specimen ,,copies ,,sent ,,free4 ,address ,,boston ,,journal ,,of ,,chemistry1 #aej ,congress st41 ,boston4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,foot ,,lathes1 ,and all kinds of small tools4 ,illustrated catalogue free4 ,,goodnow ,,wightman1 #bc ,cornhill1 ,boston1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,agents ,,wanted4--,to sell ,stephens' ,,patent ,,combination ,,rule1 which embraces a ,rule1 ,level1 ,square1 ,plumb1 ,bevel1 ,slope ,level1 ,t ,square1 etc41 in one compact tool4 ,these instruments retail at #c4ej each1 and energetic salesmen can make money by selling them among mechanics4 ,we warrant them in every particular1 as the construction and graduation is faultless4 ,send for descriptive circular1 cuts1 and terms4 ,,stephens ,,co41 ,riverton1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,felt4 ,,the ,,best1 ,,cheapest and ,,most ,,durable non-conductor known1 for sale by the ,original ,manufacturer1 at the ,,boiler ,,felting ,,works1 #df ,courtland st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,universal ,,wood ,,worker4 ,for ,agricultural1 ,railroad1 ,car1 ,carriage1 and ,wagon ,works1 ,planing ,mill1 ,sash1 ,door and ,blind1 ,bedstead1 ,cabinet and ,furniture ,factories4 ,mc,b,e,t,h1 ,,bentel ,,margedant1 ,hamilton1 ,o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,inventor',s ,,exchange1 #bde ,,broadway1 ,n4 ,y41 ,,am4 ,,agriculturist ,,building4 ,,tangible ,,inventions ,,negotiated4 ,no goods received unless ordered4 ,b4 ,f4 ,,kemp1 ,proprietor4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,machinists' ,,tools1 at greatly reduced prices4 ,also1 some ,woodworth ,planers and ,second-hand ,tools4 #ig to #aac ,r4 ,r4 ave41 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 ,e4 ,r4 ,j4 ,,gould1 successors to ,gould ,machine ,co4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n4 ,b4 ,,patented ,articles introduced4 ,also1 ,state and ,county ,rights sold for ,inventors4 ,,stone1 ,,pugh ,,co41 #ee ,n4 #fth st41 ,philadelphia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,golden ,,hill ,seminary for young ladies1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 ,miss ,,emily ,,nelson1 ,principal4 99 99 99 99 99 #ahbf ,,use ,,the ,,vegetable #ahgj ,,pulmonary ,,balsam4 ,the old standard remedy for ,coughs1 ,colds1 ,consumption4 ,nothing ,better4 ,,cutler ,,bros4 ,co41 ,boston4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,calvert ,,iron ,,rolling ,,mills are offered at private sale4 ,these mills are situated in the city of ,baltimore1 and cover #a acres of ground4 ,the ,machinery is of the most approved description1 for making all sizes of round and square bar iron1 from in4 to #c in4 diameter1 and flat bars of all widths1 up to #g inches4 ,the buildings are ample and commodious4 ,in addition to the ,rolling ,mills are two brick buildings 7#ejabe feet and #djij feet71 now containing an #hj ,h4 ,p4 ,engine1 and ,spike ,machinery1 but which could be used for the manufacture of ,nails1 ,horseshoes1 or any other branch of heavy hardware4 ,this property offers an unusual opportunity to capitalists1 and will be sold at a reasonable price4 ,for further description address ,,marshall ,p4 ,,smith1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #aaeh1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,burdon ,,iron ,,works4--,manufacturers of ,pumping ,engines for ,water ,works1 ,high ,low ,pressure ,engines1 ,portable ,engines and ,boilers1 of all kinds1 ,sugar ,mills1 ,screw1 ,lever1 ,drop1 ,hydraulic ,presses1 ,machinery in general4 ,,hubbard ,,whittaker1 #ajb ,front st41 ,brooklyn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,engines ,,and ,,machinery ,,for ,,sale1 at a great sacrifice4 ,two new ,steam ,engines1 #ab and #bj horse power2 #a ,faribain's ,riveting ,machine2 #a large ,power ,shears2 #a ditto ,table ,punch2 #b ditto ,flange ,punches2 #a set ,power ,bending ,rolls2 together with a large lot of ,turning ,lathes1 ,drilling ,machines1 ,machinists' and ,smiths' ,hand ,tools1 ,pulleys1 ,hangers1 and #f ,fairbanks' ,platform ,scales4 ,send for catalogue1 or apply at the ,south ,brooklyn ,steam ,engine ,works1 cor4 ,imlay and ,summit sts41 ,brooklyn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,shingle ,,and ,,heading ,,machine-- ,law's ,patent with ,trevor ,co4's ,improvements4 ,the ,simplest and ,best in use4 ,also1 ,shingle1 ,heading and ,stave ,jointers1 ,equalizers1 ,heading ,turners1 ,planers etc4 ,address ,,trevor ,,co41 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,agents ,,wanted--7#bbe ,a ,,month7 by the ,,american ,,knitting ,,machine ,,co4 ,boston1 ,mass41 or ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,brick ,,machine ,,is ,,the ,,best ,,in ,,the ,,world1 ,,because ,,it ,,makes ,,the ,,greatest ,,number1 ,,the ,,best1 and ,,the ,,cheapest ,,bricks4 ,,it ,,is ,,the ,,perfection ,,of ,,simplicity4 ,,it ,,is ,,durable1 ,,and ,,not ,,likely ,,to ,,get ,,out ,,of ,,repair4 ,see ,,scientific ,,american1 ,sept4 #ag1 #ahgj4 ,for ,descriptive ,circular apply to ,f4 ,c4 ,,wells1 ,,president1 ,,room #ac1 #ih ,,madison ,,st41 ,,chicago4 ,,machines can be seen in operation at the ,company's ,works1 ,chicago2 at rear #ei ,ann st41 ,new ,york city2 and at ,novelty ,iron ,works1 corner of ,delord and ,peter sts41 ,new ,orleans4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,prepared ,,asphalte ,,roofing ,,felt4 ,illustration ,this new prepared production is ready coated1 and can be applied on the roof without further trouble4 ,it is easy of application1 and does not require any repairs for a long time4 ,it is more durable than some slates1 and has been found a suitable substitute for iron or tin roofs4 ,it has a sanded or stony surface1 which renders it ,,uninflammable and ,,fire-,,proof4 ,exposed to the most intense fire1 and sparks falling upon it1 it will not propagate the fire4 ,under the influence of the sun it will not run1 which makes it specially adapted to hot climates4 ,its easy application and pleasing appearance have made it a favorite roofing material throughout all the ,indies and other colonies4 ,being not cumbrous for transport1 it is of invaluable service to settlers and farmers in far remote districts4 ,when used for temporary purposes it may be taken off and applied again to another construction4 ,it replaces common ,asphalting on ,terraces1 ,lobbies1 ,counting-houses1 ,office ,floors1 etc42 is a great preservative against dampness and vermin1 and equalizes the temperature4 ,it is #cb inches wide1 and made in rolls of #be yards each4 ,send for circular to ,e4 ,h4 ,,martin1 #gj ,,maiden ,,lane ,,and #i ,,liberty ,,st41 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,gregory',s ,,seed ,,catalogue4 ,my ,annual ,illustrated ,catalogue1 containing a list of many new and rare ,vegetables1 some of which are not found in any other catalogue1 and all the standard vegetables of the farm and garden 7over one hundred of which ,i grow on my three seed farms71 with a carefully selected list of flower seed1 will be sent free to all4 ,all my seed is sold under three warrants3 #ast4 ,that all money sent shall reach me4 #b;d4 ,that all seed ordered shall reach the purchaser4 #c;d4 ,that my seeds shall be fresh and true to name4 ,,james ,j4 ,h4 ,,gregory1 ,marblehead1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,new ,,wilson ,,under-,,feed ,,shuttle ,,sewing ,,machines6 #be ,,cheaper ,,than ,,any ,,other6 ,illustration ,for ,simplicity1 ,durability and ,beauty they stand ,,unrivalled6 ,for ,,stitching1 ,,hemming1 ,,tucking1 ,,felling1 ,quilting1 ,,cording1 ,,binding1 ,,braiding1 ,,gathering1 ,gathering sewing on gathers1 they are unexcelled6 ,for particulars address ,wilson ,sewing ,machine ,co41 ,cleveland1 ,o41 or ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,,agents ,,wanted4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,machinery1 ,,new ,,and #b;d-,,hand4--,send for ,circular4 ,,chas4 ,,place ,,co41 #fj ,vesey st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,machinists4 ,illustrated ,catalogue and ,price ,list of all kinds of small ,tools and ,materials sent free to any address4 ,,goodnow ,,wightman1 #bc ,cornhill1 ,boston1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 ,,blaisdell ,,co4 ,,manufacturers of the ,,blaisdell ,,patent ,,drill ,,presses1 with quick return motion1 ,agricultural ,drills1 ,improved ,engine ,lathes1 from #ab in4 to #bh in4 swing1 ,planers1 ,gear ,cutters1 ,boring ,mills1 ,hand ,lathes1 and other first-class ,machinists' ,tools4 ,jackson st41 ,worcester1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,patent ,,bedstead ,,fastening4 ,the ,,best1 ,,cheapest1 and ,,strongest ,,fastening ever invented4 ,rights for ,states and ,territories for sale4 ,address ,,john ,,domingos and ,,benjamin ,,essig1 ,sacramento1 ,cal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bent1 ,,goodnow ,,co41 ,boston1 ,mass41 ,publishers of ,,patent ,,star1 sell ,patent ,rights and goods of all kinds4 ,orders solicited4 ,,agents ,,wanted4 --- ,send stamp for copy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,the ,,working ,,class4--,we are now prepared to furnish all classes with constant employment at home1 the whole of the time or for the spare moments4 ,business new1 light and profitable4 ,persons of either sex easily earn from #ej;c4 to #e per evening1 and a proportional sum by devoting their whole time to the business4 ,boys and girls earn nearly as much as men4 ,that all who see this notice may send their address1 and test the business1 we make this unparalleled offer3 ,to such as are not well satisfied1 we will send #a to pay for the trouble of writing4 ,full particulars1 a valuable sample which will do to commence work on1 and a copy of ,the ,people's ,literary ,companion--one of the largest and best family newspapers published--all sent free by mail4 ,reader1 if you want permanent1 profitable work1 address ,d4 ,c4 ,,allen ,,co41 ,augusta1 ,maine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,important ,,to ,,machinists4--,the ,best ,metal for all ,machine ,uses is the ,,martin ,,steel1 made by ,,the ,,new ,,jersey ,,steel ,,and ,,iron ,,co41 ,trenton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,this steel is made by an entirely different process from any other and is tougher than wrought iron4 ,it can be turned without annealing1 being entirely free from hard spots4 ,every one who uses it pronounces it just what they have long wanted1 for a multitude of uses1 such as ,crank ,pins1 ,lathe ,spindles and ,screws1 ,cotton ,machinery ,rollers1 ,saw and ,fan ,spindles1 etc41 etc4 ,also1 particularly adapted for ,firebox ,plates4 ,prices low4 ,send for further information1 or a sample1 stating use to which it is to be applied4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,otis' ,,safety ,,hoisting ,,machinery4 ,,otis1 ,,bros4 ,,co4 ,no4 #cji ,,broadway1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,trade ,,mark4 ,union ,emery ,wheels4 ,solid and with ,stone ,center4 ,,union ,,stone ,,co41 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,branch ,office1 #ic ,liberty st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,general ,agents for the ,am4 ,twist ,drill ,co4's ,superior ,grinder and other ,emery ,wheel ,machinery and ,tools4 ,send for ,circular4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,woodbury',s ,,patent ,,planing ,,and ,,matching and ,molding ,machines1 ,gray ,wood's ,planers1 ,self-oiling ,saw ,arbors1 and other wood working machinery4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,woods1 #ia ,liberty street1 ,n4 ,y42 ,send for ,circulars4 #fg ,sudbury street1 ,boston4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,richardson1 ,,meriam ,,co41 ,manufacturers of the latest improved ,patent ,daniels' and ,woodworth ,planing ,machines1 ,matching1 ,sash1 and molding1 ,tenoning1 ,mortising1 ,boring1 ,shaping1 ,vertical1 and ,circular ,re-sawing ,machines1 ,saw ,mills ,saw ,arbors1 ,scroll ,saws1 ,railway1 ,cut-off1 and ,rip-saw ,machines1 ,spoke and ,wood ,turning ,lathes1 and various other kinds of ,wood-working ,machinery4 ,catalogues and price lists sent on application4 ,manufactory1 ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,warehouse1 #ajg ,liberty st41 ,new ,york4 #ag #a 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,reynolds' ,,turbine ,,water ,,wheels4 ,the ,oldest and ,newest4 ,all others only imitations of each other in their strife after complications to confuse the public4 ,we do not boast but quietly excel them all in staunch reliable1 economical power4 ,beautiful pamphlet free4 ,,geo4 ,,tallcot1 #if ,liberty st41 ,new ,york4 ,,gearing1 ,,shafting4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,niagara ,,steam ,,pump4 ,,chas4 ,b4 ,,hardick1 ,adams st41 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,models1 ,,patterns1 ,,experimental1 and other machinery1 ,models for the ,patent ,office1 built to order by ,,holske ,,machine ,,co41 ,nos4 #ebh1 #ecj1 and #ecb ,water st41 near ,jefferson4 ,refer to ,,scientific ,,american office4 #ad tf 99 99 99 99 99 #ahcb4 ,,schenck',s ,,patent4 #ahgj4 ,,woodworth ,,planers4 ,and ,re-,sawing ,machines1 ,wood and ,iron ,working ,machinery1 ,engines1 ,boilers1 etc4 ,,john ,b4 ,,schenck ,,son1 ,matteawan1 ,n4 ,y41 and #aah ,liberty st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wanted--,,agents1 #bj ,,per ,,day1 ,,to sell the celebrated ,,home ,,shuttle ,,sewing ,,machine4 ,has the under-feed1 makes the lock stitch alike on both sides1 and is fully licensed4 ,the best and cheapest ,family ,sewing ,machine in the market4 ,address ,,johnson1 ,,clark ,,co41 ,boston1 ,mass42 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa42 ,chicago1 ,ill41 or ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,milling ,,machine1 ,,index1 ,,standard1 ,,universal1 ,,and ,,horizontal4--,the largest variety to be found in the country1 on hand and finishing4 ,workmanship1 ,material1 and ,design unsurpassed4 ,machines on exhibition at ,fair of ,american ,institute4 ,,union ,,vise ,,co4 ,,of ,,boston4 ,office #hj ,milk st4 ,works at ,hyde ,park1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,andrew',s ,,patents4 ,,noiseless1 ,,friction ,,grooved1 ,,portable1 ,,and ,,warehouse ,,hoisters4 ,,friction ,,or ,,geared ,,mining ,,quarry ,,hoisters4 ,,smoke-,,burning ,,safety ,,boilers4 ,,oscillating ,,engines1 ,,double ,,and ,,single1 #a-b ,,to #ajj-;,,horse ,,power4 ,,centrifugal ,,pumps1 #ajj ,,to #ajj1jjj ,,gallons ,,per ,,minute1 ,,best ,,pumps ,,in ,,the ,,world1 ,,pass ,,mud1 ,,sand1 ,,gravel1 ,,coal1 ,,grain1 ,,etc41 ,,without ,,injury4 ,,all ,,light1 ,,simple1 ,,durable1 ,,and ,,economical4 ,,send ,,for ,,circulars4 ,,wm4 ,d4 ,,andrews ,,bro41 #dad ,water street1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 #aej ,a ,,month6 ,,employment6 ,,extra ,,inducements6 ,a premium ,,horse and ,,wagon for ,agents4 ,we desire to employ agents for a term of seven years1 to sell the ,buckeye #bj4jj ,shuttle ,sewing ,machine4 ,it makes a stitch alike on both sides1 and is the best low-priced licensed machine in the world4 ,w4 ,a4 ,,henderson ,,co41 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 or ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,allcott',s ,,lathes1 for ,broom1 ,hoe1 and ,rake ,handles1 for sale by ,l4 ,w4 ,,pond1 #ih ,liberty st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,unrivalled ,hand ,saw ,mill1 ,self-feeding1 with ease4 ,rip #c-;in4 lumber2 guaranteed do work of #c men4 ,the only hand saw machine known1 does as represented4 ,thousands in use4 ,send for circular4 ,,wm4 ,h4 ,,hoag1 ,sole ,manufacturer1 #bad ,pearl st4 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,u4 ,s4 ,,piano ,,co4 ,n4 ,y4 ,best in the ,world--#bij4 ,sent on trial--,see large cut and terms in ,scientific ,american4 ,oct4 #ast #ahgj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dovetailing ,,machine4 ,,will ,,make #djj ,,drawers ,,per ,,day4 ,see ,,scientific ,,american1 ,jan4 #aa1 '#ga4 ,h4 ,h4 ,,evarts1 #ic ,liberty st42 ,,trevor ,,co41 ,lockport ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,circular ,,saw ,,mills4 ,,hays ,,newman',s ,,patent ,,double ,,parallel ,,edgers1 ,,foster',s ,,patent ,,log-,,canting ,,machines1 and ,sawmill ,machinery generally1 manufactured by the ,,washington ,,mowing ,,machine ,,company4 ,,leroy ,,mowry1 ,agent1 ,sandy ,hill1 ,wash4 ,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,send for ,illustrated ,circulars and ,price ,lists4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,electro-,,platers4 ,,batteries1 ,,chemicals1 ,,and ,,materials1 in sets or single1 with books of instruction1 manufactured and sold by ,,thomas ,,hall1 ,manufacturing ,electrician1 #ai ,bromfield street1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,illustrated catalogue sent free on application4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,prize ,,medal ,,scroll ,,saw4-- ,,thos4 ,l4 ,,cornell1 ,,derby1 ,,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,patent ,,rights ,,sold ,,on ,,commission4 ,by ,e4 ,e4 ,,roberts ,,co41 ,consulting ,engineers1 #ae ,wall ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,send ,stamp for ,circular4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,newspaper ,,advertising4 ,a ,book of #abe closely printed pages1 lately issued1 contains a list of the best ,american ,advertising ,mediums giving the names1 circulations1 and full particulars concerning the leading ,daily and ,weekly ,political and ,family ,newspapers1 together with all those having large circulations1 published in the interest of ,religion1 ,agriculture1 ,literature1 etc41 etc4 ,every ,advertiser1 and every person who contemplates becoming such1 will find this book of great value4 ,mailed free to any address on receipt of #be;c4 ,,geo4 ,p4 ,,rowell ,,co41 ,publishers1 ,no4 #dj ,park ,row1 ,new ,york4 ,the ,pittsburgh 7,pa47 ,leader1 in its issue of ,may #bi1 #ahgj says3 ,the firm of ,g4 ,p4 ,rowell ,co41 which issues this interesting and valuable book1 is the largest and best ,advertising ,agency in the ,united ,states1 and we can cheerfully recommend it to the attention of those who desire to advertise their business ,,scientifically and ,,systematically in such a way3 that is1 so as to secure the largest amount of publicity for the least expenditure of money4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,celebrated ,,cold-,,rolled ,,shafting4 ,this ,shafting is in every particular superior to any turned ,shafting ever made4 ,it is the most ,,economical ,,shafting to buy1 being so very much stronger than turned ,shafting4 ,less diameter answers every purpose1 causing a great saving in coupling1 pulleys and hangers4 ,it is perfectly round1 and made to ,whitworth ,gage4 ,all who give it a trial continue to use it exclusively4 ,we have it in large quantities4 ,call and examine it1 or send for price list4 ,address ,,george ,,place ,,co41 #abf and #abh ,chambers st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n4 ,y4 ,,machinery ,,depot4 ,,george ,,place ,,co41 ,manufacturers and ,dealers in ,wood and ,iron ,working ,machinery1 of every description1 ,stationary and ,portable ,engines and ,boilers1 ,leather and ,rubber ,belting1 and all articles needful in ,machine or ,railroad ,repair ,shops4 #abf and #abh ,chamber st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sturtevant ,,blowers4 ,these are in every particular the best and most perfect ,blower ever made4 ,a full assortment of every size on hand1 ready to deliver4 ,address ,,george ,,place ,,co41 #abf and #abh ,chamber ,st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,wrought ,,iron ,beams ,girders ,the ,union ,iron ,mills1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,the attention of ,engineers and ,architects is called to our improved ,wrought-iron ,beams and ,girders 7patented71 in which the compound welds between the stem and flanges1 which have proved so objectionable in the old mode of manufacturing1 are entirely avoided1 we are prepared to furnish all sizes at terms as favorable as can be obtained elsewhere4 ,for descriptive lithograph address ,carnegie1 ,kloman ,co41 ,union ,iron ,mills1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mill ,,owners1 ,,attention4--,our ,turbine ,water ,wheels still ahead4 ,no complications4 ,simple1 compact1 and durable4 ,prices moderate4 ,,valentine ,,co41 ,ft4 ,edward1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,woodward ,,steam-,,pump ,,manufacturing ,,company1 ,manufacturers of the ,woodward ,pat4 ,improved ,safety ,steam ,pump and ,fire ,engine1 ,steam1 ,water1 and ,gas ,fittings of all kinds4 ,also ,dealers in ,wrought-iron ,pipe1 ,boiler ,tubes1 etc4 ,hotels1 ,churches1 ,factories1 ,public ,buildings heated by ,steam4 ,low ,pressure4 ,woodward ,building1 #gf and #gh ,center st41 cor4 of ,worth st4 7formerly of #gg ,beekman st41 ,n4 ,y47 ,all parties are hereby cautioned against infringing the ,pat4 ,right of the above ,pump4 ,g4 ,m4 ,,woodward1 ,pres't4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,buerk',s ,,watchman',s ,,time ,,detector4--,important for all large ,corporations and ,manufacturing concerns--capable of controlling with the utmost accuracy the motion of a watchman or patrolman1 as the same reaches different stations of his beat4 ,send for a ,circular4 ,j4 ,e4 ,,buerk1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #a1jeg ,boston1 ,mass4 ,n4 ,b4--,this detector is covered by two ,u4 ,s4 ,patents4 ,parties using or selling these instruments without authority from me will be dealt with according to law4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,portable ,,steam ,,engines1 ,,combining the maximum of efficiency1 durability and economy1 with the minimum of weight and price4 ,they are widely and favorably known1 more than #gej being in use4 ,all warranted satisfactory or no sale4 ,descriptive circulars sent on application4 ,address ,j4 ,c4 ,,hoadley ,,co41 ,lawrence1 ,mass4 #df4 ,cortlandt st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 #e ,,to #aj ,,per ,,day4 ,,men1 ,,women1 ,,boys and ,,girls who engage in our new business make from #e ,,to #aj ,,per ,,day in their own localities4 ,full particulars and instructions sent free by mail4 ,those in need of permanent1 profitable work1 should address at once4 ,,george ,,stinson ,,co41 ,portland1 ,maine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,agents6 ,,read ,,this6 ,,we ,,will ,,pay ,,agents ,a ,,salary ,,of #cj ,,per ,,week and expenses1 or allow a large commission1 to sell our new and wonderful inventions4 ,address ,m4 ,,wagner ,,co41 ,marshall1 ,mich4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,epilepsy ,,or ,,fits4 ,a sure cure for this distressing complaint is now made known in a ,treatise of #dh octavo pages1 on ,foreign and ,native ,herbal ,preparations1 published by ,dr4 ,o4 ,phelps ,brown4 ,the prescription was discovered by him in such a providential manner that he cannot conscientiously refuse to make it known1 as it has cured everybody who has used it for ,fits1 never having failed in a single case4 ,the ingredients may be obtained from any druggist4 ,persons desiring a copy may address ,dr4 ,o4 ,phelps ,brown1 ,no4 #ba ,grand ,street1 ,jersey ,city1 ,n4 ,j41 and it will be sent by return mail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wood-,,working ,,machinery ,,generally4 ,specialties1 ,woodworth ,planers and ,richardson's ,patent ,improved ,tenon ,machines4 ,nos4 #bd and #bf ,central1 corner ,union st41 ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,warerooms #db ,cortlandt st41 ,new ,york4 ,,witherby ,,rugg1 ,,richardson4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cincinnati ,,brass ,,works4--,engineers and ,steam ,fitters' ,brass ,work1 ,best ,quality at very ,low ,prices4 ,f4 ,,lunkenheimer1 ,prop'r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hinkley ,,knitting ,,machine4 ,the simplest1 cheapest1 and best in use4 ,has but one needle6 ,a child can run it6 ,,agents ,,wanted ,,in ,,every ,,town4 ,send for ,circular and ,sample ,stocking to ,,hinkley ,,knitting ,,machine ,,co41 ,bath1 ,me4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lathe ,,chucks--,,horton',s ,,patent from #d to #cf inches4 ,also for car wheels4 ,address ,e4 ,,horton ,,son1 ,windsor ,locks1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,silicate ,,of ,,soda1 ,,in ,,its ,,various forms1 manufactured as a specialty1 by ,philadelphia ,quartz ,co41 #ghc ,south #b;d st4 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,advertisements4 ,advertisements will be admitted on this page at the rate of #a4jj per line for each insertion4 ,engravings may head advertisements at the same rate per line1 by measurement1 as the letter-press4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,an ,,important ,,fact4 ,,marvin ,,co4',s ,,spherical ,,safes ,,have ,,never ,,been ,,robbed4 ,hundreds are in use by ,banks1 ,bankers1 and ,merchants4 #bfe ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 #gba ,chestnut st41 ,philadelphia4 ,warehouses1 #ajh ,bank st41 ,cleveland4 #ic ,main st41 ,buffalo4 99 99 99 99 99 ,l3 ,l3 ,,smith ,,co41 ,,nickel ,,platers1 #f ,,howard ,,st41 ,,new ,,york1 ,between ,elm and ,centre4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,save ,,your ,,fuel4 ,illustration ,,the ,,original ,l4 ,b4 ,,tupper',s ,,furnace ,,grate ,,bar4 ,guaranteed to make from #e to #aj lbs4 more steam1 with less fuel1 than any other bar4 ,adapted to all kinds of fuel2 no alteration of furnace required4 ,received ,silver ,medal at ,cincinnati ,industrial ,exposition1 #ahgj2 ,silver ,medal at ,worcester ,co4 ,mechanics' ,association1 #ahff2 ,medal and ,diploma at ,american ,institute ,fair1 #ahgj2 ,honorable ,mention at ,paris ,exposition4 ,send for descriptive pamphlet4 ,now in use in #aj1jjj places4 ,l4 ,b4 ,,tupper1 #abj ,west st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,pyrometers4 ,for ,blast ,furnaces1 ,bakers' ,ovens1 ,boiler ,flues1 ,superheated ,steam ,oil ,stills1 ,zinc and ,lead ,baths4 ,e4 ,,brown1 #caa ,walnut st41 ,philadelphia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,agents ,,wanted4 ,to sell the ,,universal ,,sash ,,lock4 ,,it ,,is ,,self-,,acting ,,and ,,burglar-,,proof4 ,send stamp for circulars4 ,carpenters and ,builders can make from #aj to #bj selling them4 ,address ,g4 ,s4 ,,lacey1 care of ,patterson ,brothers1 ,no4 #bg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york city4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sperm ,,oil1 strictly pure1 for ,,sewing ,,machines and fine ,machinery1 in bottles and bbls4 ,sample by mail1 #be cts4 ,w4 ,f4 ,,nye1 ,new ,bedford1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,reasons ,,why ,,dooley',s ,,yeast ,,powder is preferred to any other ,baking ,powder in market1 are owing to its perfect purity1 quality1 quantity1 and economy4 ,the ingredients are strictly free from deleterious substances1 and hence the full strength of each is obtained1 and the results are uniform every time it is used4 ,this cannot be the case in those of ordinary manufacture1 and for proof of our assertion1 we ask those who have never used ,,dooley',s ,,yeast ,,powder to give it a trial4 ,your grocer keeps it4 ,,dooley ,,brother1 ,manufacturers1 #fi ,new st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,patent ,,cutters for the ,teeth of ,gear ,wheels1 which can be sharpened by grinding1 without changing their form4 ,cutters made on this plan will last many times as long as those of the common form1 with the advantage of being always ready for use4 ,descriptive circular1 with price list1 sent per mail on application4 ,,brown ,,sharpe ,m',f',g ,,co41 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,spring ,,of ,,water ,,at ,,the ,,top ,,of ,,the ,,house4 ,,houghton',s ,,automatic ,,water ,,elevator1 patented ,feb4 #g1 #ahga1 ,no4 #aaa1edb1 delivers water from the well or cistern in the tank at the top of the house4 ,is operated by the fire in the kitchen range without additional fuel2 is simple in construction1 reliable and cheap4 ,reliable parties wanted to introduce them into use in all the ,states except ,new ,england4 ,for drawings and full description address ,,charles ,,houghton1 #da ,state ,st41 ,boston1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,short ,,hand4--#aej words per minute in four weeks4 ,send stamp for ,circular4 ,,prof4 ,,gray1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #dhdg1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,watches ,,that ,,are ,,watches4 ,,we ,,shall ,,be ,,pleased ,,to ,,send ,,our ,,descriptive ,,price ,,list ,,of ,,genuine ,,waltham ,,watches1 ,,together ,,with ,,an ,,illustrated ,,pamphlet ,,entitled ,a ,,history ,,of ,,watchmaking1 ,,to ,,all ,,who ,,send ,,us ,,their ,,address4 ,,no ,,matter ,,how ,,remote ,,you ,,are ,,from ,,new ,,york1 ,,we ,,can ,,sell ,,you ,a ,,watch ,,at ,,the ,,same ,,price ,,as ,,if ,,you ,,were ,,here4 ,,when ,,you ,,write ,,mention ,,that ,,you ,,saw ,,this ,,notice ,,in ,,the ,,scientific ,,amer4 ,,howard ,,co41 #hfe ,,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,engines1 ,,tools1 ,,machinery1 ,,etc41 ,,for ,,sale ,,at ,,the ,,novelty ,,iron ,,works1 ,,foot ,,of ,,east #ab,,th ,,street1 ,,new ,,york ,,city1 ,,embracing ,engines1 ,planers1 ,lathes1 ,smith and ,boiler ,makers' ,tools1 and ,machinery and ,patterns of the most approved kinds1 etc4 ,also1 #a ,high ,pressure ,engine1 #ab-;inch diameter by #cj-;inch stroke3 #b ,stevenson's ,patent ,turbine ,water ,wheels1 #ff-;inch diameter1 and #a ,marine ,beam ,engine1 #fj-;inches by #aj-;feet stroke4 ,send for catalogue4 ,,jno4 ,s4 ,,schultze1 ,,receiver ,,of ,,the ,,novelty ,,iron ,,works4 ,new ,york1 ,march #a1 #ahga4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,circular ,,illustrating ,a ,,new and greatly improved ,,turbine ,,wheel1 believed to be the best and cheapest in the market1 apply to ,,pusey ,,jones ,,co41 ,wilmington1 ,delaware 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hotchkiss ,,brick ,,and ,,tile ,,machine4--,send for ,circular to ,room #g1 ,no4 #ai ,cliff street1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pratt',s ,,astral ,,oil3 ,not the cheapest1 but the best ,illuminating ,oil ever made4 ,does not take fire or explode if the lamp be upset or broken4 ,over #ajj1jjj families continue to use it1 and no accidents of any description1 directly or indirectly1 have occurred from it4 ,oil ,house of ,,charles ,,pratt1 ,established #aggj1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,union ,,spoke ,,works4 ,,spokes1 ,,rims1 ,,and ,,plow ,,handles4 ,all goods warranted seasoned1 and of the best quality4 ,,john ,g4 ,,davis ,,son1 ,southwest cor4 of ,leopard and ,otter sts41 ,philadelphia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,vertical ,horizontal ,,corn ,,mills4 #cj-;inch grinds #cj bus4 per hour1 and #bj-;in4 #ae4 ,price #bhj and #adj4 ,,edward ,,harrison1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iron ,,steamship ,,builders4 ,,neafie ,,levy1 ,,penn ,,works1 ,,marine ,,engines1 ,,boilers1 ,,etc41 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,swain ,,turbine4 ,,our ,,low-,,water ,,wheel ,,from ,,this ,,on ,,will ,,do ,,ten ,,per ,,cent ,,more ,,work on small streams1 in a dry season1 than any wheel ever invented4 ,gave the best results1 in every respect1 at the ,lowell ,tests4 ,for ,report of tests at ,lowell1 with ,diagrams and ,tables of ,power1 address ,,the ,,swain ,,turbine ,,co41 ,,north ,,chelmsford1 ,,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,building ,,paper ,,of ,,three ,,grades4 ,,tarred ,,sheathing1 ,for outside of ,studding1 under ,clapboards4 ,a non-conductor of cold1 heat1 and dampness4 ,,prepared ,,plastering ,,board1 a cheap and perfect substitute for lath and plaster2 makes a smooth1 warm1 and substantial wall1 at less than half the usual cost4 ,,double ,,thick ,,roofing and ,quartz ,cement1 make a good water and fire-proof roof1 for less than #c4ej per square4 ,sample and ,circulars sent free1 by ,,rock ,,river ,,paper ,,co41 ,chicago2 or1 ,b4 ,e4 ,,hale1 #bb #bd ,frankfort street1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iron ,,planers1 ,,engine ,,lathes1 ,drills1 and other ,machinists' ,tools1 of superior quality1 on hand1 and finishing4 ,for sale low4 ,for ,description and ,price address ,,new ,,haven ,,manufacturing ,,co4 ,new ,haven ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rumpff ,,lutz1 ,,importers and ,manufacturers of ,aniline ,colors and ,dyestuffs1 ,colors for ,paperhangers and ,stainers4 ,reliable recipes for ,dyeing and ,printing on ,silk1 ,wool1 and ,cotton4 ,all new improvements in the art of ,dyeing1 and new ,colors are transmitted to us by our friends in ,europe1 as soon as they appear4 #db ,beaver street1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,page',s ,,patent ,,tanned ,,belting ,runs #be per cent more machinery1 is nearly twice as strong1 and wears #ej per c4 longer than any other4 ,send for circular containing price lists and discounts4 ,,page ,,brothers1 ,,sole ,,manuf',,rs1 ,,franklin1 ,n4 ,h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,steam ,,engines ,,boilers ,from #d to #ejj horse power including ,corliss ,engines1 ,slide ,valve ,stationary ,engines1 ,portable ,engines1 etc4 ,also1 ,circular ,saw ,mills1 ,shafting1 ,pulleys etc4 ,wheat and ,corn ,mills1 ,circular ,saws1 etc4 ,send for ,price ,list4 ,,wood ,,mann ,,steam ,,engine ,,company1 ,,works--,,utica1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,principal ,,office--#db ,,cortlandt ,,st41 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,drills ,,diamond ,,pointed ,,steam ,,drills4 ,,for ,,all ,,kinds ,,of ,,rock ,,drilling1 ,mining1 ,quarrying1 ,tunneling1 ,railroad ,grading1 ,well ,boring1 ,prospecting1 etc4 ,fifty to ,seventy-five per cent of cost and time of hand labor saved4 ,test ,cores1 in form of solid cylinders of rock or mineral taken out of mines from any depth not exceeding one thousand feet1 showing true value1 stratification1 etc4 ,no percussion4 ,never require sharpening4 ,,first ,,premiums awarded in both ,american and ,europe4 ,illustrated ,circulars sent on application4 ,beware of infringements4 ,,severance ,,holt1 ,proprietors and ,manufacturers1 ,office #af ,wall st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,nickel ,,plating4 ,,beardslee ,,nickel ,,and ,,manufacturing ,,co41 #hb ,,and #hd ,,fulton ,,st41 ,,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,rights sold for the use of1 and instruction given in the best method of ,nickel ,plating4 ,an experience of twelve years enables us to offer a solution and apparatus that remain practically unchanged for years1 in constant use4 ,,first ,,premium ,,awarded us by the ,,american ,,institute in #ahgj4 ,critical examination of our work solicited4 ,all goods sent to our ,factory will meet with prompt attention4 ,new ,york ,office--#d ,,dev ,,st41 ,,room #b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,best ,,damper ,,regulator for ,steam ,boiler4 ,send for ,circulars4 ,agents wanted4 ,,murrill ,,keizer1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pat4 ,,solid ,,emery ,,wheels ,,and ,,oil ,,stones1 for ,brass and ,iron ,work1 ,saw ,mills1 and ,edge ,tools4 ,northampton ,emery ,wheel ,co41 ,leeds1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,no ,,live ,,mechanic ,can afford to be without some of ,,baird',s ,,books ,,for ,,practical ,,men4 ,my new and enlarged ,catalogue of ,,practical ,,and ,,scientific ,,books1 #hb pages1 #hvo41 will be sent1 free of postage1 to any one who will favor me with his address4 ,,henry ,,carey ,,baird1 ,industrial ,publisher1 #djf ,walnut ,st41 ,,philadelphia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,fifth ,,grand ,,state ,,fair ,,of ,,the ,,mechanics ,,and ,,agricultural ,,state ,,association ,,of ,,louisiana ,will be held on the ,fair ,grounds of the ,association1 in the city of ,new ,orleans1 commencing ,,saturday1 ,,april #h1 #ahga1 and continuing nine days4 ,exhibitors are invited from every section of ,america4 ,railroads1 steamships1 and other transportation lines1 as named in the ,premium ,catalogues1 will carry exhibitors and their wares to and from the ,fair at one half the usual rates4 ,for further information see ,premium ,catalogue1 which will be sent to any address free of charge4 ,,luther ,,homes1 ,secretary and ,treasurer1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,root',s ,,safety ,,boiler4 ,for ,pamphlets with ,price ,list and ,testimonials1 address ,,root ,,steam ,,engine ,,co11 #b;d ,ave41 cor4 #bhth st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,the ,,best ,,in ,,the ,,market4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wire ,,rope4 ,,john ,a4 ,,roebling',s ,,sons1 ,,manufacturers1 ,,trenton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,for ,inclined ,planes1 ,standing ,ship ,rigging1 ,bridges1 ,ferries1 ,stays1 or ,guys on ,derricks ,cranes1 ,tiller ,ropes1 ,sash ,cords of ,copper and ,iron1 ,lightning ,conductors of ,copper4 ,special attention given to hoisting rope of all kinds for ,mines and ,elevators4 ,apply for circular1 giving price and other information4 ,send for pamphlet on ,transmission of ,power by ,wire ,ropes4 ,a large stock constantly on hand at ,new ,york ,warehouse1 ,no4 #aag ,liberty street4 99 99 99 99 99 #gcb ,,in #ca ,,days1 ,made by one ,agent1 selling ,silver's ,broom4 #ajj1jjj in use4 ,recommended by ,horace ,greeley and ,am4 ,agriculturist4 ,one county for each ,agent4 ,prices ,reduced4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,clegg ,,co41 ,new ,york1 or ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,american ,,saw ,,co41 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,illustration3 ,,emerson',s ,,patent ,,moveable ,,toothed ,,circular ,,saws ,and ,perforated ,circular and ,long ,saws4 ,also ,solid ,saws of all kinds4 ,no4 #a ,ferry ,st41 cor4 ,gold street1 ,new ,york4 ,branch ,office for ,pacific ,coast1 ,no4 #fjf ,front street1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,machine ,,screws1 ,for all purposes1 with square1 round1 and hexagon heads4 ,a4 ,w4 ,,gifford ,,co41 ,worcester1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,patent ,,cold ,,rolled ,,shafting4 ,the fact that this ,shafting has #ge per cent greater strength1 a finer finish1 and is truer to gage1 than any other in use1 renders it undoubtedly the most economical4 ,we are also the sole manufacturers of the ,,celebrated ,,collins ,,pat4 ,,coupling1 and furnish ,pulleys1 ,hangers1 etc41 of the most approved styles4 ,price ,lists mailed on application to ,,jones ,,laughlins1 #abj ,water street1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 --- ,stocks of this ,shafting in store and for sale by ,,fuller1 ,,dana ,,fitz1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,,geo4 ,,place ,,co41 #abf ,chambers street1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,schlenker',s ,,patent ,,bolt ,,cutter ,,new ,,invention4 ,,address1 ,,howard ,,iron ,,works1 ,,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,steam ,,super-,,heater1 ,for ,saving ,fuel1 and supplying ,dry ,steam of any desired temperature4 ,safe1 durable1 easily attached4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,bulkley ,engineer1 #ih ,liberty st41 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,circular ,,of ,,tremper',s ,,patent ,,variable ,,cut-,,off1 for high and low pressure ,steam ,engines1 address ,,pusey ,,jones ,,co4 ,wilmington ,delaware4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,harrison ,,safety ,,boiler4 ,first-class ,medal1 ,world's ,fair1 ,london1 #ahfb4 ,and ,american ,institute ,fair1 ,new ,york1 #ahfi4 ,over #a1jjj ,boilers in ,use4 ,,weston',s ,,patent ,,differential ,,pulley ,,blocks4 #ge1jjj ,,in ,,use4 ,address ,,harrison ,,boiler ,,works1 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 or1 ,,john ,a4 ,,coleman1 ,agent1 #aaj ,broadway1 ,new ,york1 and #aci ,federal st41 ,boston4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,doyle',s ,,patent ,,differential ,,pulley ,,blocks1 ,the celebrated ,,doyle ,,blocks have taken premiums over the differential ,blocks of all other makers at every ,fair where they have been exhibited at the same time4 ,,when ,,you ,,buy1 ,,see ,,that ,,the ,,blocks ,,are ,,marked ,j4 ,j4 ,,doyle4 ,pat4 ,jan4 #h1 #ahfa4 ,all others are infringements4 ,,samuel ,,hall',s ,,son ,,co41 ,,sole ,,manufacturers4 #bbi ,,west #aj,,th ,,street1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,heavy ,,castings ,,for ,,forge ,,and ,,mill ,,work4 ,the ,m4 ,t4 ,,sault ,,co4 ,steam ,engine ,builders ,founders1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,employment4 #bej ,a ,,month with ,stencil ,dies4 ,samples free4 ,address ,s4 ,m4 ,,spencer ,brattleboro ,vt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,tanite ,,emery ,,wheel4 ,does not ,glaze1 ,gum1 ,heat1 or ,smell4 ,address ,,the ,,tanite ,,co41 ,stroudsburg1 ,monroe ,co41 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a4 ,s4 ,j4 ,,gear ,,co41 ,boston1 furnish every description of ,wood and ,iron ,working ,machinery and ,supplies4 ,the best in use1 regardless of maker1 at lowest possible rates4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,working ,,models ,and ,experimental ,machinery1 ,metal1 or ,wood1 made to order1 by ,j4 ,f4 ,,werner #fb ,center st4 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mc,n,a,b ,,harlan1 ,manufacturers of ,wrought ,iron ,pipe and ,fittings1 ,brass ,cocks1 ,valves1 ,gage ,cocks1 ,whistles1 ,water ,gages1 and ,oil ,cups1 ,harlin's ,patent ,lubricator1 ,plumber's ,brass ,work1 ,getty's ,patent ,pipe ,cutter1 ,getty's ,patent ,proving ,pump and ,gage4 ,no4 #hf ,john st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,allen ,,engine ,,works1 ,,the ,,allen ,,engine4 ,fourth avenue and #acjth and #acast sts41 ,new ,york city ,manufacturers of ,,porter',s ,,governor1 ,,the ,,allen ,,boiler1 ,,and ,,standard ,,straight ,,edges1 ,,surface ,,plates1 ,,and ,,angle ,,plates4 ,four first premiums were awarded to us at the ,fair of the ,american ,institute1 #ahgj4 ,send for our illustrated circular4 99 99 99 99 99 ,l4 ,w4 ,,pond--,,new ,,tools4 ,,extra ,,heavy ,,and ,,improved ,,patterns4 ,,lathes1 ,,planers1 ,,drills1 of all sizes2 ,vertical ,boring ,mills1 ten feet swing1 and under2 ,milling ,machines1 ,gear and ,bolt ,cutters2 ,hand ,punches and ,shears for ,iron4 ,office and ,warerooms1 #ih ,liberty st41 ,new ,york2 ,works at ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,stebbins1 ,new ,york1 ,agent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,water-,,proof ,,building ,,paper 7,no ,tar71 for ,roofing1 ,sheathing1 ,ceilings1 ,oil-cloths1 ,shoe ,stiffenings1 ,tags1 ,trunks1 ,cartridges1 ,blasting1 ,pass-book ,covers1 ,grain and ,flour ,bins1 etc41 for sale by ,j4 ,,hunter1 ,,jr41 ,paper ,warehouse1 #ei ,duane st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scientific ,,american ,,for #ahga4 ,,twenty-,,sixth ,,year4 ,,every ,,number is printed on fine paper1 and elegantly illustrated with original engravings representing ,,new ,,inventions1 ,,novelties ,,in ,,mechanics1 ,,manufactures1 ,,chemistry1 ,,photography1 ,,architecture4 ,,agriculture4 ,,engineering1 ,,science1 ,,and ,,art4 ,farmers1 ,mechanics1 ,inventors1 ,engineers1 ,chemists ,manufacturers and ,people of all ,professions or ,trades will find the ,,scientific ,,american of great value and interest4 ,the ,editors are assisted by many of the ablest ,american and ,european ,writers1 and having access to all the leading ,scientific and ,mechanical ,journals of the world1 the columns of the ,,scientific ,,american are constantly enriched with the choicest ,information4 ,an ,official ,list of all the ,patents ,issued is published ,weekly4 ,the ,yearly ,numbers of the ,,scientific ,,american make two splendid ,volumes of nearly ,,one ,,thousand ,,pages equivalent in size to ,,four ,,thousand ordinary book pages4 ,,specimen ,,copies ,,sent ,,free4 ,,terms--#c4jj a year1 #a4ej half year2 ,clubs of ,ten ,copies for one year1 at #b4ej each1 #be4jj1 ,with a ,,splendid ,,premium to the person who forms the ,club1 consisting of a copy of the celebrated ,steel ,plate ,engraving1 ,men of ,progress4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 ,,publishers ,,of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american4 #cg ,,park ,,row1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,scientific ,american is printed with ,,chas4 ,,eneu ,,johnson ,,co4',s ,,ink4 ,tenth and ,lombard sts4 ,philadelphia1 and #ei ,gold st4 ,new ,york4