Skip to content

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 611, September 17, 1887 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 611, September 17, 1887 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

236,551 braille cells · 250 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,617 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠊⠞⠲⠤⠤⠼⠃⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠛⠑⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠞⠗⠑⠑⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠀⠠⠎⠁⠝⠊⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠠⠁⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠲⠤⠤⠠⠃⠽⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠓⠁⠗⠇⠑⠎⠀⠠⠠⠗⠕⠃⠑⠗⠞⠎⠂⠀⠠⠋⠲⠠⠗⠲⠠⠉⠲⠠⠎⠲⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠑⠞⠉⠲⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠝⠊⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠗⠑⠑⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠑⠍⠊⠝⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠎⠁⠝⠊⠞⠁⠗⠊⠁⠝⠲⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠃⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠎⠓⠁⠙⠑⠀⠝⠑⠁⠗⠀⠓⠕⠥⠎⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠛⠋⠑⠀⠀⠠⠠⠭⠊⠲
⠀⠠⠠⠞⠑⠉⠓⠝⠕⠇⠕⠛⠽⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠁⠇⠅⠁⠇⠊⠀
⠠⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠏⠁⠗⠝⠑⠇⠇⠀⠀⠠⠎⠊⠍⠏⠎⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠁⠗⠃⠕⠝⠁⠞⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠕⠙⠁⠂⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠃⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠑⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠇⠑⠃⠇⠁⠝⠉⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠍⠍⠕⠝⠊⠁⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠊⠛⠑⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠝⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠇⠊⠟⠥⠊⠙⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠠⠛⠑⠕⠗⠛⠑⠀
⠠⠠⠁⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠂⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠇⠕⠝⠙⠕⠝⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠝⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠁⠙⠁⠏⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠁⠞⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠁⠍⠍⠕⠝⠊⠁⠲⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠁⠇⠑⠭⠲⠀
⠠⠁⠝⠛⠥⠎⠀⠠⠉⠗⠕⠇⠇⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠙⠲⠤⠤⠼⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠊⠛⠑⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠁⠗⠇⠕⠺⠄⠎⠀⠠⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠠⠍⠕⠥⠇⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠉⠁⠝⠙⠇⠑⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠝⠙⠇⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠲⠤⠤⠼⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.