Skip to content

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 620, November 19,1887 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 620, November 19,1887 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

230,565 braille cells · 244 embossed pages at 40×25 · 766 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠕⠋⠀⠲⠠⠇⠲⠀⠠⠉⠇⠁⠗⠅⠑⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠂⠀
⠁⠎⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠙⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠃⠗⠊⠞⠊⠎⠓⠀
⠠⠁⠎⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠤⠤⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠑⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠕⠗⠤⠤⠼⠁⠀
⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠊⠚⠚⠀⠀⠠⠠⠧⠊⠲⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠇⠥⠗⠛⠽⠲⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠃⠑⠗⠽⠤⠠⠧⠁⠥⠞⠊⠝⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠇⠕⠗⠊⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠤⠤⠠⠁⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠛⠕⠇⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠕⠗⠑⠎⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠙⠑⠞⠁⠊⠇⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠁⠛⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠤⠤⠼⠁⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠊⠊⠚⠛⠀⠀⠠⠠⠧⠊⠊⠲⠀⠀⠠⠠⠍⠊⠎⠉⠑⠇⠇⠁⠝⠑⠕⠥⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠀
⠠⠛⠊⠛⠁⠝⠞⠊⠉⠀⠠⠇⠕⠁⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠇⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠎⠞
⠀⠃⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠕⠁⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀
⠎⠓⠊⠏⠏⠑⠙⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠠⠺⠁⠓⠝⠁⠏⠊⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠗⠀⠀⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠇⠕⠁⠙⠑⠙⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠙⠥⠇⠥⠞⠓⠤⠤⠼⠁⠀
⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠊⠚⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠑⠭⠑⠗⠉⠊⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠍⠥⠎⠉⠇⠑⠎⠤⠤⠠⠁⠝⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠊⠝⠧⠁⠇⠊⠙⠎⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠭⠑⠗⠉⠊⠎⠑⠀⠁⠞⠗⠕⠏⠓⠊⠑⠙
⠀⠇⠊⠍⠃⠎⠤⠤⠼⠁⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠼⠊⠊⠚⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠀⠏⠇⠑⠁⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠝⠥⠁⠇⠀⠞⠗⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠎⠉⠓⠕⠕⠇⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠊⠊⠚⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠁⠧⠑⠎⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.