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Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 441, June 14, 1884. / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 441, June 14, 1884. ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

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245,772 braille cells · 257 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,439 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠉⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠊⠗⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠑⠗⠝⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠑⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠊⠝⠀
⠺⠁⠎⠀⠓⠕⠇⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠗⠝⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠇⠕⠉⠅⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠊⠇⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠗⠗⠑⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠇⠑⠋⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠏⠁⠞⠓⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀
⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠊⠝⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠗⠑⠍⠕⠧⠑⠙⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠃⠇⠕⠉⠅⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠁⠝⠽⠀⠺⠁⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠊⠇⠀⠞⠕⠕⠅⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑
⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠕⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠁⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠇⠑⠀⠃⠁⠗⠗⠑⠇⠑⠙⠀⠛⠥⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠋⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠑⠗⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠑⠭⠁⠛⠛⠑⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠊⠝⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠉⠀⠊⠝⠲⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠗⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠗⠗⠑⠇⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠕⠉⠅⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀
⠛⠥⠝⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠑⠗⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀
⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠊⠇⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠕⠝⠑⠤⠎⠊⠭⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠗⠗⠑⠇⠲⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠞⠑⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠊⠇⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠁⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠁⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠇⠑⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠉⠇⠑⠁⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠥⠵⠵⠇⠑⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀

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