Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century / Braille

The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

115,488 braille cells · 123 embossed pages at 40×25 · 281 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠑⠝⠻⠛⠽⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠊⠭⠫⠀⠯⠀⠙⠑⠋⠔⠊⠞⠑⠲⠀⠠⠔⠀⠮⠀⠏⠁⠌⠀
⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠻⠎⠑⠂⠀⠃⠁⠉⠅⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠀⠏⠕⠔⠞⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀
⠉⠀⠃⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠗⠕⠕⠍⠀⠿⠀⠡⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠙⠊⠎⠕⠗⠙⠻⠲⠀⠠⠃⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠁⠊⠎⠑⠀⠮⠀⠐⠟⠀⠱⠑⠮⠗⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠻⠎⠑
⠀⠷⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠌⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠯⠀⠙⠑⠋⠔⠊⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠕⠏⠻⠁⠞⠬⠀
⠑⠝⠻⠛⠽⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠿⠍⠎⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠓⠽⠏⠕⠮⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠌⠜⠞⠬⠀⠏⠕⠔⠞⠂
⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠀⠷⠀⠑⠧⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠋
⠀⠁⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠻⠎⠑⠀⠷⠀⠎⠥⠡⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠂⠀⠔⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠊⠋⠑⠌⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠷⠀⠑⠝⠻⠛⠽⠀⠶⠀⠝⠀⠙⠑⠋⠔⠊⠞⠑⠤⠤⠔⠀
⠱⠊⠡⠂⠀⠿⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠂⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠇⠁⠺⠎⠀⠷⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠓⠑⠇⠙⠀
⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠿⠀⠐⠎⠀⠥⠝⠊⠞⠎⠀⠯⠀⠝⠀⠿⠀⠕⠮⠗⠎⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀
⠥⠝⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠐⠕⠀⠐⠞⠀⠯⠀⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠤⠤⠯⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀
⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠀⠑⠏⠊⠉⠥⠗⠑⠁⠝⠀⠡⠁⠝⠉⠑⠤⠸⠺⠦⠀⠀⠠⠿⠀
⠍⠽⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠋⠔⠙⠀⠮⠀⠁⠊⠗⠀⠷⠀
⠹⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠛⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠕⠀⠗⠜⠑⠋⠊⠫⠀⠿⠀⠍⠽
⠀⠉⠕⠝⠌⠊⠞⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠯⠀⠠⠊⠀⠁⠍⠀⠙⠊⠎⠏⠕⠎⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠋⠥⠛⠑⠀⠔⠀⠄⠊⠛⠝⠕⠗⠁⠍⠥⠎⠀⠑⠞⠀⠊⠛⠝⠕⠗⠁⠃⠊⠍⠥⠎⠲⠄⠀⠀
⠠⠎⠊⠙⠢⠕⠞⠑⠒⠀⠠⠕⠮⠗⠀⠁⠡⠊⠑⠧⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠔⠀⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠎⠉⠊⠢⠉⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠑⠭⠑⠉⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠍⠽⠀⠋⠥⠗⠮⠗⠀⠞⠁⠎⠅⠂⠀⠮
⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠍⠕⠌⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠁⠡⠊⠑⠧⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎
⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠎⠑⠧⠻⠁⠇⠀⠃⠗⠁⠝⠡⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠎⠉⠊⠢⠉⠑⠀
⠙⠥⠗⠬⠀⠮⠀⠇⠁⠌⠀⠋⠊⠋⠞⠽⠀⠽⠑⠜⠎⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠍⠃⠜⠗⠁⠎⠎⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮
⠀⠁⠃⠥⠝⠙⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠡⠕⠊⠉⠑⠆⠀⠯⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠑⠧⠻⠽⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠃⠀⠁⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠊⠌⠀⠔⠀
⠑⠁⠡⠀⠙⠑⠏⠜⠞⠍⠢⠞⠂⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠋⠔⠙⠀⠔⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠬⠀⠁⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.