Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century / Braille

The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

115,488 braille cells · 123 embossed pages at 40×25 · 281 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠏⠗⠕⠏⠓⠑⠞⠊⠉⠀⠊⠝⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠆⠀⠝⠀⠑⠧⠢⠀⠁⠀⠎⠥⠎⠏⠊⠉⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠞
⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠀⠝⠑⠜⠀⠋⠥⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠴⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠗⠬⠀⠿⠹⠲⠀⠠⠯⠀⠘⠹⠀⠱⠕⠀
⠌⠊⠇⠇⠀⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠀⠋⠁⠧⠕⠗⠊⠞⠑⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠀
⠠⠙⠜⠺⠔⠄⠎⠀⠄⠠⠕⠗⠊⠛⠔⠀⠷⠀⠠⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠑⠎⠄⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠹⠬⠀⠃⠀⠁⠀
⠝⠑⠺⠀⠧⠻⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠄⠠⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠊⠑⠀⠵⠕⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠟⠥⠑⠄
⠀⠺⠀⠋⠔⠙⠀⠞⠂⠀⠎⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠵⠀⠼⠁⠓⠙⠙⠂⠀⠠⠱⠑⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠸⠓⠀⠝⠀⠮
⠀⠎⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠑⠌⠀⠎⠥⠎⠏⠊⠉⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠠⠙⠜⠺⠔⠄⠎⠀⠍⠁⠔⠀⠮⠕⠗⠑⠍⠂
⠀⠑⠧⠢⠀⠵⠀⠁⠀⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠔⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠂⠀⠮
⠀⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠞⠀⠮⠕⠗⠑⠍⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠙⠜⠺⠔⠀⠯⠀
⠠⠺⠁⠇⠇⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠔⠀⠼⠁⠓⠑⠊⠂⠀⠞⠕⠕⠅⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠮⠀⠃⠊⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇
⠀⠸⠺⠀⠃⠽⠀⠎⠥⠗⠏⠗⠊⠎⠑⠲⠀⠠⠝⠑⠊⠮⠗⠀⠘⠹⠀⠱⠕⠀⠶⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠔⠫⠀
⠞⠪⠜⠙⠎⠀⠮⠀⠄⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠍⠥⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠄⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠄⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠍⠢⠞⠄⠀⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠔⠑⠂⠀⠵⠀⠭⠀⠴⠀⠮⠝⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠫⠂⠀
⠝⠕⠗⠀⠘⠹⠀⠱⠕⠀⠶⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠎⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠭⠂⠀⠸⠓⠀⠮⠀⠎⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠑⠌⠀
⠎⠥⠎⠏⠊⠉⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠞⠢⠙⠢⠉⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠧⠜⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠔⠀⠇⠊⠧⠬⠀
⠃⠑⠬⠎⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠞⠞⠫⠀⠵⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠷⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠆⠀
⠮⠀⠎⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠢⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀
⠝⠕⠀⠐⠕⠀⠉⠳⠇⠙⠀⠙⠢⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠷⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠂⠀⠱⠢⠀
⠦⠀⠁⠞⠞⠢⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠴⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠑⠧⠊⠙⠢⠉⠑⠆⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀
⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠗⠢⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠛⠑⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠎⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀
⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠴⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠷⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠆⠀⠉⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠥⠎⠫⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀
⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠜⠽⠀⠏⠕⠌⠥⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀⠮⠕⠗⠽⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠑⠧⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠞⠎⠀⠯⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠎⠀⠱⠊⠡⠂⠀⠑⠧⠢⠀⠊⠋
⠀⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠑⠞⠢⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠭⠏⠇⠁⠔⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠮⠀
⠅⠝⠪⠝⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠃⠊⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠎⠉⠊⠢⠉⠑⠂⠀⠉⠳⠇⠙⠀⠝⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.