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Library / Education / The Negro Problem / Braille

The Negro Problem ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

216,971 braille cells · 230 embossed pages at 40×25 · 342 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠙⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠽⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠠⠝⠑⠛⠗⠕⠀⠉⠓⠊⠇⠙⠀
⠁⠝⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠊⠝⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠃⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠉⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠍⠕⠙⠑⠗⠝⠀⠉⠊⠧⠊⠇⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠀⠍⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠑⠁⠙⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠝⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠊⠝⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎
⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠉⠕⠇⠇⠑⠛⠑⠤⠃⠗⠑⠙⠀⠠⠝⠑⠛⠗⠕⠑⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀
⠞⠑⠁⠉⠓⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠑⠁⠉⠓⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠑⠁⠉⠓⠑⠗⠎⠲
⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠗⠕⠁⠙⠀⠉⠥⠇⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠇⠇⠑⠛⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠊⠁⠗⠀
⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠲⠀⠠⠅⠝⠕⠺⠇⠑⠙⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠺⠊⠙⠑⠗⠀
⠍⠑⠁⠝⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠝⠑⠛⠗⠕⠄⠎⠀⠙⠑⠑⠏⠑⠎⠞⠀⠊⠛⠝⠕⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠑⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠑⠁⠉⠓⠑⠗⠎⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠃⠗⠑⠁⠙⠀⠺⠊⠝⠝⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀
⠃⠥⠞⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀⠉⠥⠇⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠊⠝⠑⠎⠞⠊⠍⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠍⠑⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠑⠁⠗⠇⠊⠑⠗⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀
⠕⠉⠉⠥⠏⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠗⠑⠁⠉⠓⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠑⠁⠉⠓⠑⠗⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑
⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠕⠝⠑⠎⠀⠕⠏⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠀⠉⠕⠇⠇⠑⠛⠑⠀⠛⠗⠁⠙⠥⠁⠞⠑⠲⠀⠠⠕⠋⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀
⠁⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠗⠀⠙⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠕⠏⠑⠝⠑⠙⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠁⠧⠑⠝⠥⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠍⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠝⠕⠗⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠉⠕⠇⠇⠑⠛⠑⠀⠍⠑⠝⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.