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Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement No. 819 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement No. 819 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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225,414 braille cells · 240 embossed pages at 40×25 · 665 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞
⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠊⠛⠓⠃⠕⠗⠓⠕⠕⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠁⠑⠂⠚⠚⠚
⠀⠁⠍⠏⠑⠗⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠇⠁⠃⠕⠗⠁⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠧⠕⠇⠞⠁⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀
⠋⠗⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀
⠓⠥⠝⠙⠗⠑⠙⠀⠕⠓⠍⠎⠆⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠀⠁⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠙⠑⠗⠊⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀
⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠁⠎⠑⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠇⠽⠎⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠞⠺⠑⠝⠞⠽⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠎⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠑⠗⠉⠥⠗⠽⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠚⠲⠚⠚⠚⠁⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠕⠓⠍⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠊⠃⠇⠽⠀⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠽
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠇⠸⠌⠎⠀
⠼⠁⠸⠌⠁⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠀⠇⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠕⠇⠞⠁⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠟⠥⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠍⠊⠇⠇⠊⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠒⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀⠇⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠸⠌⠁⠚⠂⠀⠎⠀⠀⠼⠃⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠂⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠼⠃⠚⠀⠎⠟⠥⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠛⠝⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠎⠉⠁⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠏⠑⠗⠍⠊⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠧⠕⠇⠞⠁⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠎⠒⠀⠶⠼⠁⠶⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.