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Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement No. 822 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement No. 822 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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260,855 braille cells · 276 embossed pages at 40×25 · 893 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠊⠎⠀⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠁⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠗⠕⠝⠉⠇⠁⠙⠎⠀⠠⠙⠑⠧⠁⠎⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠉⠕⠥⠗⠃⠑⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠋⠇⠑⠑⠞⠂⠀⠁⠇⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠑⠗⠲
⠀⠠⠎⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠃⠑⠇⠞⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠼⠁⠙⠀⠊⠝⠲⠀
⠁⠗⠍⠕⠗⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠼⠁⠑⠀⠊⠝⠲⠀⠃⠁⠉⠅⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠗⠁⠇⠀⠃⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠽⠀⠁⠗⠍⠕⠗⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠼⠊⠀⠊⠝⠲⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠝⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠊⠝⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠂⠀⠓⠕⠗⠊⠵⠕⠝⠞⠁⠇⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠉⠽⠇⠊⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠂⠀
⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠓⠕⠗⠎⠑⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠋⠂⠚⠛⠁⠂⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠊⠁⠇⠀⠞⠗⠊⠏⠀⠛⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠀⠎⠏⠑⠑⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠼⠁⠙⠲⠋⠋⠀⠅⠝⠕⠞⠎⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠓⠕⠥⠗⠲⠀⠠⠋⠊⠧⠑⠀⠓⠥⠝⠙⠗⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠞⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠁⠗⠗⠊⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠃⠥⠝⠅⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠎⠏⠑⠑⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠁⠚⠀⠅⠝⠕⠞⠎⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠑⠝⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠊⠏⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠁⠀⠧⠕⠽⠁⠛⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠼⠃⠂⠓⠚⠚⠀⠅⠝⠕⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠕⠗⠏⠑⠙⠕⠀⠙⠑⠋⠑⠝⠎⠑⠀
⠝⠑⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠊⠞⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀
⠍⠁⠎⠞⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠍⠊⠇⠊⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠏⠎⠀⠉⠁⠗⠗⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠠⠓⠕⠞⠉⠓⠅⠊⠎⠎⠀⠗⠑⠧⠕⠇⠧⠑⠗⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠛⠥⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠋⠑⠝⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠊⠏⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠎⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠎⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠃⠗⠑⠑⠉⠓⠇⠕⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠗⠊⠋⠇⠑⠙⠀⠛⠥⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠃⠛⠀
⠉⠑⠝⠞⠊⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠶⠼⠁⠚⠲⠋⠉⠀⠊⠝⠲⠶⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠼⠃⠙⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠂⠀⠎⠊⠭⠀⠃⠗⠑⠑⠉⠓⠇⠕⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠗⠊⠋⠇⠑⠙⠀
⠛⠥⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠁⠙⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠊⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠶⠼⠑⠲⠑⠁⠀⠊⠝⠲⠶⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠟⠥⠊⠉⠅⠤⠋⠊⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠛⠥⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.