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Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement No. 822 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement No. 822 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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260,855 braille cells · 276 embossed pages at 40×25 · 893 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠉⠊⠧⠊⠇⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠉⠁⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀
⠠⠁⠊⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠚⠥⠝⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠠⠍⠑⠙⠊⠉⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠝⠑⠗⠧⠕⠥⠎
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠚⠲
⠀⠠⠠⠇⠑⠕⠝⠁⠗⠙⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠲⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠝⠓⠁⠝⠉⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠍⠑⠙⠊⠑⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠁⠊⠗⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠉⠁⠉⠙⠀⠀⠠⠠⠧⠊⠊⠊⠲⠀⠠⠠⠍⠊⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠕⠛⠽⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠀
⠠⠛⠑⠍⠤⠠⠃⠑⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠛⠗⠁⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀⠠⠧⠑⠊⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠺⠑⠎⠞⠑⠗⠝
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠊⠉⠥⠞⠲⠤⠤⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠇⠲⠠⠏⠲⠀
⠠⠠⠛⠗⠁⠞⠁⠉⠁⠏⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠍⠊⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠋⠊⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠽⠊⠑⠇⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠊⠉⠁⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠛⠑⠍⠎⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠕⠏⠑⠝⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠉⠁⠙⠁⠀⠀⠠⠠⠊⠭⠲⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠝⠞⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠠⠗⠥⠞⠓
⠀⠠⠠⠺⠁⠗⠙⠀⠠⠠⠅⠁⠓⠝⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠉⠕⠝⠕⠍⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠉⠁⠙⠚⠀⠀⠠⠭⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠝⠁⠧⠁⠇⠀
⠠⠠⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠗⠍⠕⠗⠀⠠⠏⠇⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠠⠃⠁⠞⠞⠇⠑⠎⠓⠊⠏⠎⠤⠤⠠⠋⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀
⠠⠃⠗⠊⠞⠁⠊⠝⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠗⠊⠎⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠞⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠋⠗⠑⠝⠉⠓⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠊⠎⠓⠀⠝⠁⠧⠊⠑⠎⠲⠤⠤⠼⠑⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀
⠼⠁⠉⠁⠃⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠗⠑⠙⠕⠥⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠝⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.