Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 483, April 4, 1885 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 483, April 4, 1885 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

153,829 braille cells · 160 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,213 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠎⠥⠏⠻⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠂⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠷⠀⠀⠸⠮⠀⠏⠪⠻⠇⠑⠎⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠋⠔⠙⠀⠁⠀⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠑⠭⠏⠇⠁⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠍⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠁⠲⠤⠤⠠⠠⠗⠁⠏⠏⠬⠀⠠⠠⠯⠀
⠠⠠⠞⠁⠇⠅⠬⠀⠠⠠⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠱⠕⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠀⠎⠑⠢⠂⠀⠷⠀
⠕⠇⠙⠂⠀⠠⠗⠕⠃⠻⠞⠀⠠⠓⠳⠙⠔⠄⠎⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠽⠀⠡⠑⠌⠀⠯⠀⠠⠗⠕⠃⠻⠞⠀
⠠⠓⠳⠙⠔⠄⠎⠀⠀⠍⠁⠛⠊⠉⠀⠙⠗⠥⠍⠦⠀⠠⠘⠮⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠉⠥⠗⠊⠳⠎⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠂⠀⠵⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠅⠝⠪⠝⠂⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠫⠀⠀⠘⠥⠀⠮⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠻⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠤⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠞⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠩⠁⠇⠇⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠅⠝⠪⠝⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀
⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠃⠁⠎⠫⠀⠀⠘⠥⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀
⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠯⠀⠱⠊⠡⠂⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠬⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠐⠥⠀
⠁⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠀⠿⠍⠂⠀⠗⠑⠚⠥⠧⠢⠁⠞⠑⠀⠮⠍⠀⠃⠽⠀⠛⠊⠧⠬⠀⠮⠍⠀⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗
⠀⠊⠝⠞⠻⠑⠌⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠁⠏⠏⠜⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀⠶⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠁⠶⠂
⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠎⠀⠮⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠜⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠁⠝⠀⠀⠕⠗⠙⠔⠜⠽⠀
⠗⠳⠝⠙⠀⠉⠢⠞⠻⠀⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠗⠑⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠬⠀⠁⠞⠀⠺
⠀⠮⠀⠸⠎⠀⠀⠗⠁⠏⠏⠬⠎⠀⠯⠀⠎⠑⠏⠥⠇⠡⠗⠁⠇⠀⠧⠕⠊⠉⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠍⠢⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠗⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠔⠎⠀⠁⠀⠀
⠠⠇⠑⠉⠇⠁⠝⠡⠑⠀⠏⠊⠇⠑⠂⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠉⠞⠀⠿⠍⠂⠀⠉⠜⠑⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠓⠊⠙⠙⠢⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠐⠏⠀⠞⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠮⠀⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠇⠑⠛⠎⠲⠀⠠⠮
⠀⠞⠕⠏⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠔⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠏⠜⠞⠎⠂⠀⠮⠀⠇⠪⠻⠀⠀⠷⠀
⠱⠊⠡⠀⠊⠎⠀⠓⠕⠇⠇⠪⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠥⠏⠏⠻⠀⠿⠍⠎⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠧⠻⠀⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀
⠕⠗⠀⠋⠳⠗⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠊⠍⠑⠞⠻⠎⠀⠀⠔⠀⠹⠊⠉⠅⠝⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀⠠⠔⠀⠮⠀⠉⠢⠞⠻
⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠓⠕⠇⠇⠪⠀⠐⠏⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠫⠀⠁⠀⠧⠻⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠀
⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠤⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠂⠀⠐⠕⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠺⠊⠗⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠝⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠾⠀⠐⠕⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠀⠏⠕⠇⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠏⠊⠇⠑⠂⠀⠯

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.