Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 799, April 25, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 799, April 25, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

204,243 braille cells · 215 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,735 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠼⠚⠲⠚⠋⠚⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠚⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠉⠙⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠋⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠁⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠉⠋⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠑⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠉⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠙⠚⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠑⠛⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠙⠙⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠑⠑⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠛⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠙⠊⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠑⠙⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠑⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠑⠃⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠃⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠑⠊⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠑⠚⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠋⠙⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠙⠊⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠛⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠋⠓⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠙⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠛⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠙⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠓⠑⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠙⠉⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠑⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠊⠑⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠙⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠑⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠲⠚⠑⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠉⠓⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠋⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠲⠁⠑⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠉⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠋⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠲⠃⠋⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠉⠑⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠛⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠲⠉⠋⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠉⠉⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠛⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠲⠙⠋⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠉⠃⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠓⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠲⠑⠋⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠉⠁⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠓⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠲⠋⠋⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠉⠚⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠲⠛⠛⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠃⠊⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠲⠓⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠃⠓⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠲⠊⠛⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠃⠋⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠂⠁⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠲⠁⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠃⠑⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠂⠃⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠲⠉⠓⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠚⠲⠚⠃⠉⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠂⠉⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠲⠑⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.