Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 799, April 25, 1891 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 799, April 25, 1891 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

204,243 braille cells · 215 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,735 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠃⠗⠕⠅⠑⠝⠀⠕⠋⠋⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠽⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠽⠀⠎⠑⠁⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠁⠗⠗⠽⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠥⠙⠙⠑⠗⠀⠁⠇⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞
⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠓⠁⠏⠏⠑⠝⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠑⠇⠍⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠙⠕⠺⠝⠀
⠞⠕⠕⠀⠓⠁⠗⠙⠂⠀⠗⠑⠝⠙⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠎⠓⠊⠏⠀
⠥⠝⠍⠁⠝⠁⠛⠑⠁⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠙⠗⠽⠀
⠙⠕⠉⠅⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠓⠑⠀⠁⠗⠗⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠓⠁⠇⠊⠋⠁⠭⠂
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠥⠇⠇⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠁⠍⠁⠛⠑⠎⠂⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠏⠕⠥⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠉⠅⠎⠂⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠵⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠼⠃⠚⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠅⠑⠑⠇⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠗⠝⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠕⠥⠞⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠼⠉⠚⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠑⠗⠝⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑
⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠍⠍⠑⠝⠎⠑⠀⠓⠕⠇⠑⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠗⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠃⠑⠝⠞⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠗⠁⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠓⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠺⠊⠎⠞⠑⠙⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠎⠕⠗⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠓⠁⠏⠑⠎⠀⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠽⠕⠝⠙⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠑⠍⠁⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠃⠕⠞⠞⠕⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠊⠏⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠀⠃⠑⠝⠞⠀⠥⠏⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠗⠉⠓⠂⠀⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠗⠁⠊⠎⠑⠙⠀⠼⠙⠀
⠋⠑⠑⠞⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠁⠝⠀⠊⠍⠍⠑⠝⠎⠑⠀⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀⠏⠥⠝⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠞⠁⠗⠃⠕⠁⠗⠙⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠂⠀⠀⠃⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠑⠗
⠀⠕⠝⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠼⠃⠚⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.