Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / An Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species, Particularly the African / Braille

An Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species, Particularly the African ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

323,052 braille cells · 342 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,022 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠝⠞⠊⠟⠥⠊⠞⠽⠲⠤⠤⠠⠉⠓⠁⠏⠲⠀⠠⠠⠊⠊⠊⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠏⠊⠗⠁⠉⠽⠲⠤⠤⠠⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠏⠊⠗⠁⠉⠽⠲⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠁⠗⠏⠕⠑⠁⠲⠤⠤⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠓⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠏⠊⠉⠅⠲⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠊⠝⠧⠕⠇⠥⠝⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠎⠇⠁⠧⠑⠎⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠉⠓⠁⠏⠲⠀⠠⠠⠊⠧⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠍⠑⠝⠞⠲⠤⠤⠠⠑⠭⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠛⠽⠏⠞⠲⠤⠤⠠⠑⠭⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠁⠞⠓⠑⠝⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠉⠓⠁⠏⠲⠀⠠⠧⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓
⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠝⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠙⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠗⠑⠋⠥⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠕⠏⠲⠤⠤⠠⠉⠓⠁⠏⠲⠀⠠⠠⠧⠊⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠁⠝⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀⠎⠇⠁⠧⠑⠤⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲⠤⠤⠠⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠁⠝⠞⠊⠟⠥⠊⠞⠽⠲⠤⠤⠛⠽⠏⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠍⠁⠗⠅⠑⠞⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠕⠗⠙⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠋⠋⠊⠉⠅⠲⠤⠤⠠⠉⠽⠏⠗⠥⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠲⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠛⠗⠑⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠠⠍⠕⠎⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠓⠕⠍⠑⠗⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠲⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠁⠇⠀⠏⠗⠑⠧⠁⠇⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲⠤⠤⠠⠉⠓⠁⠏⠲⠀⠠⠠⠧⠊⠊⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠙⠑⠉⠇⠊⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠗⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠇⠁⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠠⠑⠥⠗⠕⠏⠑⠲⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.