Skip to content

Library / Philosophy / On the Improvement of the Understanding / Braille

On the Improvement of the Understanding ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

79,393 braille cells · 83 embossed pages at 40×25 · 398 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠂⠀⠥⠝⠉⠻⠞⠁⠔⠀⠀⠃⠽⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀
⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠵⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠛⠁⠮⠗⠫⠀⠋⠀⠱⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠀
⠎⠁⠊⠙⠂⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠅⠑⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠝⠀⠥⠝⠉⠻⠞⠁⠔⠀⠔⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠶⠿⠀⠠⠊⠀⠎⠳⠛⠓⠞⠀⠀⠿⠀⠁⠀⠋⠊⠭⠫⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠶⠂⠀⠃⠀
⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠷⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠔⠍⠢⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠛⠀⠶⠼⠁⠶⠀⠠⠋⠥⠗⠮⠗⠀⠗⠑⠋⠇⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠔⠉⠫⠀⠍⠑⠀⠞⠀
⠊⠋⠀⠠⠊⠀⠉⠳⠇⠙⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠛⠑⠞⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠗⠕⠕⠞⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠠⠊⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠇⠑⠁⠧⠬⠀⠉⠻⠞⠁⠔⠀⠑⠧⠊⠇⠎⠀⠿⠀⠁⠀⠀
⠉⠻⠞⠁⠔⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠲⠀⠀⠶⠼⠃⠶⠀⠠⠊⠀⠹⠥⠎⠀⠏⠻⠉⠑⠊⠧⠫⠀⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠴⠀
⠔⠀⠁⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠀⠷⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠀⠏⠻⠊⠇⠂⠀⠯⠀⠠⠊⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠑⠇⠇⠫⠀
⠍⠽⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠑⠑⠅⠀⠾⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠍⠽⠀⠌⠗⠢⠛⠹⠀⠿⠀⠁⠀⠀
⠗⠑⠍⠫⠽⠂⠀⠓⠪⠑⠧⠻⠀⠥⠝⠉⠻⠞⠁⠔⠀⠭⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠑⠆⠀⠵⠀⠁⠀
⠎⠊⠉⠅⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠌⠗⠥⠛⠛⠇⠬⠀⠾⠀⠀⠁⠀⠙⠑⠁⠙⠇⠽⠀⠙⠊⠎⠑⠁⠎⠑⠂⠀⠱⠢
⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠎⠀⠞⠀⠙⠑⠁⠹⠀⠺⠀⠎⠥⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠘⠥⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠀
⠥⠝⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠍⠫⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠑⠇⠇⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠎⠑⠑⠅⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠍⠫⠽⠀⠾⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠦⠀⠀⠌⠗⠢⠛⠹⠂⠀⠊⠝⠁⠎⠍⠥⠡⠀⠵⠀⠦
⠀⠱⠕⠇⠑⠀⠓⠕⠏⠑⠀⠇⠊⠑⠎⠀⠮⠗⠑⠔⠲⠀⠀⠶⠼⠛⠒⠉⠶⠀⠠⠁⠇⠇⠀⠮⠀⠀
⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠏⠥⠗⠎⠥⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠀⠝⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠃⠗⠬
⠀⠝⠕⠀⠗⠑⠍⠫⠽⠀⠞⠀⠞⠢⠙⠎⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠻⠧⠑⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠃⠑⠬⠂⠀⠃⠀
⠑⠧⠢⠀⠁⠉⠞⠀⠵⠀⠓⠔⠙⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠂⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠬⠀⠮⠀⠙⠑⠁⠹⠀⠀⠝⠀
⠎⠑⠇⠙⠕⠍⠀⠷⠀⠘⠹⠀⠱⠕⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠀⠮⠍⠂⠀⠃⠀⠯⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠘⠹⠀⠱⠕⠀⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠍⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠓⠀⠀⠶⠼⠁⠶⠀
⠠⠮⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠸⠍⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠍⠢⠀⠱⠕⠀⠓⠀⠎⠥⠋⠋⠻⠫⠀
⠏⠻⠎⠑⠉⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠑⠧⠢⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠁⠹⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠅⠑⠀⠷⠀⠸⠮⠀
⠗⠊⠡⠑⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠷⠀⠍⠢⠀⠱⠕⠀⠔⠀⠏⠥⠗⠎⠥⠊⠞⠀⠀⠷⠀⠺⠑⠁⠇⠹⠀⠓⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.