Library / Philosophy / On the Improvement of the Understanding / Braille
On the Improvement of the Understanding ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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97,095 braille cells · 103 embossed pages at 40×25 · 398 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠓⠊⠝⠙⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠂⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠁⠞⠓⠀⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀ ⠎⠑⠇⠙⠕⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠂⠀⠃⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠍⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠓⠀⠀⠶⠼⠁⠶⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀ ⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠑⠝⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠎⠥⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀ ⠏⠑⠗⠎⠑⠉⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠁⠞⠓⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠅⠑⠀ ⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠗⠊⠉⠓⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠑⠝⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠏⠥⠗⠎⠥⠊⠞⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠑⠁⠇⠞⠓⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠕⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠙⠁⠝⠛⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽ ⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠀⠏⠁⠊⠙⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠏⠑⠝⠁⠇⠞⠽ ⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠽⠲⠀⠀⠶⠼⠃⠶⠀⠠⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠀ ⠝⠕⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠝⠥⠍⠑⠗⠕⠥⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠑⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀ ⠑⠝⠙⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠞⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠺⠗⠑⠞⠉⠓⠑⠙⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑ ⠀⠎⠁⠅⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠗⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠗⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀ ⠗⠑⠏⠥⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠶⠼⠉⠶⠀⠠⠇⠁⠎⠞⠇⠽⠂⠀⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀ ⠊⠝⠝⠥⠍⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠑⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀ ⠓⠁⠎⠞⠑⠝⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠙⠑⠁⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠀ ⠕⠧⠑⠗⠤⠊⠝⠙⠥⠇⠛⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠥⠁⠇⠀⠏⠇⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠊⠀⠀⠶⠼⠁⠶⠀⠠⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠑⠧⠊⠇⠎⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀ ⠁⠗⠊⠎⠑⠝⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠀⠓⠁⠏⠏⠊⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠕⠗ ⠀⠥⠝⠓⠁⠏⠏⠊⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠇⠽⠀⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠝ ⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠑⠀ ⠇⠕⠧⠑⠲⠀⠀⠶⠼⠃⠶⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠁⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠇⠕⠧⠑⠙⠂⠀ ⠝⠕⠀⠟⠥⠁⠗⠗⠑⠇⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠀⠁⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠊⠞⠤⠤⠝⠕⠀⠎⠁⠙⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠑⠇⠞⠀⠊⠋⠀⠊⠞⠀
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