Library / Laws / 113th / hr / H.R. 2278 / Introduced in House
I
113th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 2278
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
June 6, 2013
Mr. Gowdy (for
himself, Mr. Goodlatte,
Mr. Smith of Texas,
Mr. Forbes,
Mrs. Blackburn,
Mr. Bishop of Utah,
Mr. Coble,
Mr. Poe of Texas,
Mr. Westmoreland,
Mr. Chaffetz,
Mr. Sensenbrenner,
Mrs. Bachmann,
Mr. Collins of Georgia,
Mr. Woodall,
Mr. Mulvaney,
Mr. Franks of Arizona,
Mr. Pearce,
Mr. DeSantis,
Mr. Chabot, and
Mr. Labrador) introduced the following
bill; which was referred to the Committee on
the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on
Homeland Security,
Agriculture, and
Natural Resources, for a
period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for
consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the
committee concerned
A BILL
To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to improve
immigration law enforcement within the interior of the United States, and for
other purposes.
1.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the
Strengthen and Fortify Enforcement
Act or the SAFE
Act.
2.
Table of
contents
The table of contents
for this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
Title I—Immigration Law Enforcement by States and
Localities
Sec. 101. Definitions and severability.
Sec. 102. Immigration law enforcement by States and
localities.
Sec. 103. Listing of immigration violators in the national
crime information center database.
Sec. 104. Technology access.
Sec. 105. State and local law enforcement provision of
information about apprehended aliens.
Sec. 106. Financial assistance to State and local police
agencies that assist in the enforcement of immigration laws.
Sec. 107. Increased Federal detention space.
Sec. 108. Federal custody of inadmissible and deportable aliens
in the United States apprehended by State or local law enforcement.
Sec. 109. Training of State and local law enforcement personnel
relating to the enforcement of immigration laws.
Sec. 110. Immunity.
Sec. 111. Criminal alien identification program.
Sec. 112. Clarification of congressional intent.
Sec. 113. State criminal alien assistance program
(SCAAP).
Sec. 114. State violations of enforcement of immigration
laws.
Sec. 115. Clarifying the authority of ICE
detainers.
Title II—National Security
Sec. 201. Removal of, and denial of benefits to, terrorist
aliens.
Sec. 202. Terrorist bar to good moral character.
Sec. 203. Terrorist bar to naturalization.
Sec. 204. Denaturalization for terrorists.
Sec. 205. Use of 1986 IRCA legalization information for
national security purposes.
Sec. 206. Background and security checks.
Sec. 207. Technical amendments relating to the Intelligence
Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004.
Title III—Removal of Criminal Aliens
Sec. 301. Definition of aggravated felony and
conviction.
Sec. 302. Precluding admissibility of aliens convicted of
aggravated felonies or other serious offenses.
Sec. 303. Espionage clarification.
Sec. 304. Prohibition of the sale of firearms to, or the
possession of firearms by, certain aliens.
Sec. 305. Uniform statute of limitations for certain
immigration, naturalization, and peonage offenses.
Sec. 306. Conforming amendment to the definition of
racketeering activity.
Sec. 307. Conforming amendments for the aggravated felony
definition.
Sec. 308. Precluding refugee or asylee adjustment of status for
aggravated felons.
Sec. 309. Inadmissibility and deportability of drunk
drivers.
Sec. 310. Detention of dangerous aliens.
Sec. 311. Grounds of inadmissibility and deportability for
alien gang members.
Sec. 312. Extension of identity theft offenses.
Sec. 313. Laundering of monetary instruments.
Sec. 314. Increased criminal penalties relating to alien
smuggling and related offenses.
Sec. 315. Penalties for illegal entry.
Sec. 316. Illegal reentry.
Sec. 317. Reform of passport, visa, and immigration fraud
offenses.
Sec. 318. Forfeiture.
Sec. 319. Expedited removal for aliens inadmissible on criminal
or security grounds.
Sec. 320. Increased penalties barring the admission of
convicted sex offenders failing to register and requiring deportation of sex
offenders failing to register.
Sec. 321. Protecting immigrants from convicted sex
offenders.
Sec. 322. Clarification to crimes of violence and crimes
involving moral turpitude.
Sec. 323. Penalties for failure to obey removal
orders.
Sec. 324. Pardons.
Title IV—Visa Security
Sec. 401. Cancellation of additional visas.
Sec. 402. Visa information sharing.
Sec. 403. Restricting waiver of visa interviews.
Sec. 404. Authorizing the Department of State to not interview
certain ineligible visa applicants.
Sec. 405. Visa refusal and revocation.
Sec. 406. Funding for the visa security program.
Sec. 407. Expeditious expansion of visa security program to
high-risk posts.
Sec. 408. Expedited clearance and placement of Department of
Homeland Security personnel at overseas embassies and consular
posts.
Sec. 409. Increased criminal penalties for student visa
integrity.
Sec. 410. Accreditation requirements.
Sec. 411. Visa fraud.
Sec. 412. Background checks.
Sec. 413. Flight schools not certified by FAA.
Sec. 414. Revocation of accreditation.
Sec. 415. Report on risk assessment.
Sec. 416. Implementation of GAO recommendations.
Sec. 417. Implementation of SEVIS II.
Sec. 418. Definitions.
Title V—Aid to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Officers
Sec. 501. ICE immigration enforcement agents.
Sec. 502. ICE detention enforcement officers.
Sec. 503. Ensuring the safety of ICE officers and
agents.
Sec. 504. ICE Advisory Council.
Sec. 505. Pilot program for electronic field
processing.
Sec. 506. Additional ICE deportation officers and support
staff.
Sec. 507. Additional ICE prosecutors.
Title VI—Miscellaneous Enforcement Provisions
Sec. 601. Encouraging aliens to depart voluntarily.
Sec. 602. Deterring aliens ordered removed from remaining in
the United States unlawfully.
Sec. 603. Reinstatement of removal orders.
Sec. 604. Clarification with respect to definition of
admission.
Sec. 605. Reports to Congress on the exercise and abuse of
prosecutorial discretion.
Sec. 606. Waiver of Federal laws with respect to border
security actions on Department of the Interior and Department of Agriculture
lands.
I
Immigration Law
Enforcement by States and Localities
101.
Definitions and
severability
(a)
State
defined
For the purposes of this title, the term
State has the meaning given to such term in section 101(a)(36)
of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(36)).
(b)
Secretary
defined
For the purpose of this title, the term
Secretary means the Secretary of Homeland Security.
(c)
Severability
If
any provision of this title, or the application of such provision to any person
or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of this title, and the
application of such provision to other persons not similarly situated or to
other circumstances, shall not be affected by such invalidation.
102.
Immigration law
enforcement by States and localities
(a)
In
general
Subject to section 274A(h)(2) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324a(h)(2)), States, or political subdivisions of
States, may enact, implement and enforce criminal penalties that penalize the
same conduct that is prohibited in the criminal provisions of immigration laws
(as defined in section 101(a)(17) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1101(a)(17))), as long as the criminal penalties do not exceed the
relevant Federal criminal penalties. States, or political subdivisions of
States, may enact, implement and enforce civil penalties that penalize the same
conduct that is prohibited in the civil violations of immigration laws (as
defined in such section 101(a)(17)), as long as the civil penalties do not
exceed the relevant Federal civil penalties.
(b)
Law enforcement
personnel
Law enforcement personnel of a State, or of a political
subdivision of a State, may investigate, identify, apprehend, arrest, detain,
or transfer to Federal custody aliens for the purposes of enforcing the
immigration laws of the United States to the same extent as Federal law
enforcement personnel. Law enforcement personnel of a State, or of a political
subdivision of a State, may also investigate, identify, apprehend, arrest, or
detain aliens for the purposes of enforcing the immigration laws of a State or
of a political subdivision of State, as long as those immigration laws are
permissible under this section. Law enforcement personnel of a State, or of a
political subdivision of a State, may not remove aliens from the United
States.
103.
Listing of
immigration violators in the national crime information center
database
(a)
Provision of
information to the NCIC
Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act and periodically thereafter as updates may require,
the Secretary shall provide the National Crime Information Center of the
Department of Justice with all information that the Secretary may possess
regarding any alien against whom a final order of removal has been issued, any
alien who has entered into a voluntary departure agreement, any alien who has
overstayed their authorized period of stay, and any alien whose visas has been
revoked. The National Crime Information Center shall enter such information
into the Immigration Violators File of the National Crime Information Center
database, regardless of whether—
(1) the alien received
notice of a final order of removal;
(2) the alien has
already been removed; or
(3) sufficient
identifying information is available with respect to the alien.
(b)
Inclusion of
information in the NCIC database
(1)
In
general
Section 534(a) of title 28, United States Code, is
amended—
(A) in paragraph (3),
by striking and at the end;
(B) by redesignating
paragraph (4) as paragraph (5); and
(C) by inserting after
paragraph (3) the following:
(4) acquire, collect,
classify, and preserve records of violations by aliens of the immigration laws
of the United States, regardless of whether any such alien has received notice
of the violation or whether sufficient identifying information is available
with respect to any such alien or whether any such alien has already been
removed from the United States;
and
.
(2)
Effective
date
The Attorney General and the Secretary shall ensure that the
amendment made by paragraph (1) is implemented by not later than 6 months after
the date of the enactment of this Act.
104.
Technology
access
States shall have
access to Federal programs or technology directed broadly at identifying
inadmissible or deportable aliens.
105.
State and local
law enforcement provision of information about apprehended aliens
(a)
Provision of
information
In compliance with section 642(a) of the Illegal
Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1373) and
section 434 of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation
Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1644), each State, and each political subdivision of a
State, shall provide the Secretary of Homeland Security in a timely manner with
the information specified in subsection (b) with respect to each alien
apprehended in the jurisdiction of the State, or in the political subdivision
of the State, who is believed to be inadmissible or deportable.
(b)
Information
required
The information referred to in subsection (a) is as
follows:
(1) The alien’s
name.
(2) The alien’s
address or place of residence.
(3) A
physical description of the alien.
(4) The date, time,
and location of the encounter with the alien and reason for stopping,
detaining, apprehending, or arresting the alien.
(5) If applicable, the
alien’s driver’s license number and the State of issuance of such
license.
(6) If applicable, the
type of any other identification document issued to the alien, any designation
number contained on the identification document, and the issuing entity for the
identification document.
(7) If applicable, the
license plate number, make, and model of any automobile registered to, or
driven by, the alien.
(8) A
photo of the alien, if available or readily obtainable.
(9) The alien’s
fingerprints, if available or readily obtainable.
(c)
Annual report on
reporting
The Secretary shall maintain and annually submit to the
Congress a detailed report listing the States, or the political subdivisions of
States, that have provided information under subsection (a) in the preceding
year.
(d)
Reimbursement
The
Secretary shall reimburse States, and political subdivisions of a State, for
all reasonable costs, as determined by the Secretary, incurred by the State, or
the political subdivision of a State, as a result of providing information
under subsection (a).
(e)
Authorization of
Appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums
as may be necessary to carry out this section.
(f)
Construction
Nothing
in this section shall require law enforcement officials of a State, or of a
political subdivision of a State, to provide the Secretary with information
related to a victim of a crime or witness to a criminal offense.
(g)
Effective
date
This section shall take effect on the date that is 120 days
after the date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply with respect to
aliens apprehended on or after such date.
106.
Financial
assistance to State and local police agencies that assist in the enforcement of
immigration laws
(a)
Grants for
special equipment for housing and processing certain aliens
From
amounts made available to make grants under this section, the Secretary shall
make grants to States, and to political subdivisions of States, for procurement
of equipment, technology, facilities, and other products that facilitate and
are directly related to investigating, apprehending, arresting, detaining, or
transporting aliens who are inadmissible or deportable, including additional
administrative costs incurred under this title.
(b)
Eligibility
To
be eligible to receive a grant under this section, a State, or a political
subdivision of a State, must have the authority to, and shall have a written
policy and a practice to, assist in the enforcement of the immigration laws of
the United States in the course of carrying out the routine law enforcement
duties of such State or political subdivision of a State. Entities covered
under this section may not have any policy or practice that prevents local law
enforcement from inquiring about a suspect’s immigration status.
(c)
Funding
There
is authorized to be appropriated for grants under this section such sums as may
be necessary for fiscal year 2014 and each subsequent fiscal year.
(d)
GAO
audit
Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an audit
of funds distributed to States, and to political subdivisions of a State, under
subsection (a).
107.
Increased
Federal detention space
(a)
Construction or
acquisition of detention facilities
(1)
In
general
The Secretary shall construct or acquire, in addition to
existing facilities for the detention of aliens, detention facilities in the
United States, for aliens detained pending removal from the United States or a
decision regarding such removal. Each facility shall have a number of beds
necessary to effectuate this purposes of this title.
(2)
Determinations
The
location of any detention facility built or acquired in accordance with this
subsection shall be determined by the Secretary.
(b)
Authorization of
Appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums
as may be necessary to carry out this section.
(c)
Technical and
conforming amendment
Section 241(g)(1) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1231(g)(1)) is amended by striking may
expend and inserting shall expend.
108.
Federal custody
of inadmissible and deportable aliens in the United States apprehended by State
or local law enforcement
(a)
State
Apprehension
(1)
In
general
Title II of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1151 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 240C the following:
240D.
Custody of inadmissible and deportable aliens present in the
United States
(a)
Transfer of custody by
State and local officials
If
a State, or a political subdivision of the State, exercising authority with
respect with respect to the apprehension or arrest of an inadmissible or
deportable alien submits to the Secretary of Homeland Security a request that
the alien be taken into Federal custody, notwithstanding any other provision of
law, regulation, or policy the Secretary—
(1) shall take the alien into custody not
later than 48 hours after the detainer has been issued following the conclusion
of the State or local charging process or dismissal process, or if no State or
local charging or dismissal process is required, the Secretary should issue a
detainer and take the alien into custody not later than 48 hours after the
alien is apprehended; and
(2) shall request that the relevant State
or local law enforcement agency temporarily hold the alien in their custody or
transport the alien for transfer to Federal custody.
(b)
Policy on
detention in Federal, contract, State, or local detention
facilities
In carrying out section 241(g)(1), the Attorney
General or Secretary of Homeland Security shall ensure that an alien arrested
under this title shall be held in custody, pending the alien’s examination
under this section, in a Federal, contract, State, or local prison, jail,
detention center, or other comparable facility. Notwithstanding any other
provision of law, regulation or policy, such facility is adequate for
detention, if—
(1) such a facility is
the most suitably located Federal, contract, State, or local facility available
for such purpose under the circumstances;
(2) an appropriate
arrangement for such use of the facility can be made; and
(3) the facility
satisfies the standards for the housing, care, and security of persons held in
custody by a United States Marshal.
(c)
Reimbursement
The
Secretary of Homeland Security shall reimburse a State, and a political
subdivision of a State, for all reasonable expenses, as determined by the
Secretary, incurred by the State, or political subdivision, as a result of the
incarceration and transportation of an alien who is inadmissible or deportable
as described in subsections (a) and (b). Compensation provided for costs
incurred under such subsections shall be the average cost of incarceration of a
prisoner in the relevant State, as determined by the chief executive officer of
a State, or of a political subdivision of a State, plus the cost of
transporting the alien from the point of apprehension to the place of
detention, and to the custody transfer point if the place of detention and
place of custody are different.
(d)
Secure
facilities
The Secretary of Homeland Security shall ensure that
aliens incarcerated pursuant to this title are held in facilities that provide
an appropriate level of security.
(e)
Transfer
(1)
In
general
In carrying out this section, the Secretary of Homeland
Security shall establish a regular circuit and schedule for the prompt transfer
of apprehended aliens from the custody of States, and political subdivisions of
a State, to Federal custody.
(2)
Contracts
The
Secretary may enter into contracts, including appropriate private contracts, to
implement this
subsection.
.
(2)
Clerical
amendment
The table of contents of such Act is amended by
inserting after the item relating to section 240C the following new
item:
Sec. 240D. Custody of aliens unlawfully present in the United
States.
.
(b)
GAO
audit
Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an audit
of compensation to States, and to political subdivisions of a State, for the
incarceration of inadmissible or deportable aliens under section 240D(a) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (as added by subsection (a)(1)).
(c)
Effective
date
Section 240D of the
Immigration and Nationality Act, as added by subsection (a), shall take effect
on the date of the enactment of this Act, except that subsection (e) of such
section shall take effect on the date that is 120 day after the date of the
enactment of this Act.
109.
Training of
State and local law enforcement personnel relating to the enforcement of
immigration laws
(a)
Establishment of
training manual and pocket guide
Not later than 180 days after
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish—
(1) a
training manual for law enforcement personnel of a State, or of a political
subdivision of a State, to train such personnel in the investigation,
identification, apprehension, arrest, detention, and transfer to Federal
custody of inadmissible and deportable aliens in the United States (including
the transportation of such aliens across State lines to detention centers and
the identification of fraudulent documents); and
(2) an immigration
enforcement pocket guide for law enforcement personnel of a State, or of a
political subdivision of a State, to provide a quick reference for such
personnel in the course of duty.
(b)
Availability
The
training manual and pocket guide established in accordance with subsection (a)
shall be made available to all State and local law enforcement
personnel.
(c)
Applicability
Nothing
in this section shall be construed to require State or local law enforcement
personnel to carry the training manual or pocket guide with them while on
duty.
(d)
Costs
The
Secretary shall be responsible for any costs incurred in establishing the
training manual and pocket guide.
(e)
Training
flexibility
(1)
In
general
The Secretary shall make training of State and local law
enforcement officers available through as many means as possible, including
through residential training at the Center for Domestic Preparedness, onsite
training held at State or local police agencies or facilities, online training
courses by computer, teleconferencing, and videotape, or the digital video
display (DVD) of a training course or courses. E-learning through a secure,
encrypted distributed learning system that has all its servers based in the
United States, is scalable, survivable, and can have a portal in place not
later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, shall be made
available by the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Distributed Learning
Program for State and local law enforcement personnel.
(2)
Federal
personnel training
The training of State and local law
enforcement personnel under this section shall not displace the training of
Federal personnel.
(3)
Clarification
Nothing
in this title or any other provision of law shall be construed as making any
immigration-related training a requirement for, or prerequisite to, any State
or local law enforcement officer to assist in the enforcement of Federal
immigration laws.
(4)
Priority
In carrying out this subsection, priority
funding shall be given for existing web-based immigration enforcement training
systems.
110.
Immunity
Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
a law enforcement officer of a State or local law enforcement agency who is
acting within the scope of the officer’s official duties shall be immune, to
the same extent as a Federal law enforcement officer, from personal liability
arising out of the performance of any duty described in this title, including
the authorities to investigate, identify, apprehend, arrest, detain, or
transfer to Federal custody, an alien for the purposes of enforcing the
immigration laws of the United States (as defined in section 101(a)(17) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(17)) or the immigration laws
of a State or a political subdivision of a State.
111.
Criminal alien
identification program
(a)
Continuation and
expansion
(1)
In
general
The Secretary shall continue to operate and implement a
program that—
(A) identifies
removable criminal aliens in Federal and State correctional facilities;
(B) ensures such
aliens are not released into the community; and
(C) removes such
aliens from the United States after the completion of their sentences.
(2)
Expansion
The
program shall be extended to all States. Any State that receives Federal funds
for the incarceration of criminal aliens (pursuant to the State Criminal Alien
Assistance Program authorized under section 241(i) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1231(i)) or other similar program) shall—
(A) cooperate with
officials of the program;
(B) expeditiously and
systematically identify criminal aliens in its prison and jail populations;
and
(C) promptly convey
such information to officials of such program as a condition of receiving such
funds.
(b)
Authorization
for detention after completion of State or local prison
sentence
Law enforcement officers of a State, or of a political
subdivision of a State, are authorized to—
(1) hold a criminal
alien for a period of up to 14 days after the alien has completed the alien’s
sentence under State or local law in order to effectuate the transfer of the
alien to Federal custody when the alien is inadmissible or deportable;
or
(2) issue a detainer
that would allow aliens who have served a prison sentence under State or local
law to be detained by the State or local prison or jail until the Secretary can
take the alien into custody.
(c)
Technology
usage
Technology, such as video conferencing, shall be used to
the maximum extent practicable in order to make the program available in remote
locations. Mobile access to Federal databases of aliens and live scan
technology shall be used to the maximum extent practicable in order to make
these resources available to State and local law enforcement agencies in remote
locations.
(d)
Effective
date
This section shall take effect of the date of the enactment
of this Act, except that subsection (a)(2) shall take effect on the date that
is 180 days after such date.
112.
Clarification
of congressional intent
Section 287(g) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1357(g)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (1)
by striking may enter and all that follows through the period at
the end and inserting the following: shall enter into a written
agreement with a State, or any political subdivision of a State, upon request
of the State or political subdivision, pursuant to which an officer or employee
of the State or subdivision, who is determined by the Secretary to be qualified
to perform a function of an immigration officer in relation to the
investigation, apprehension, or detention of aliens in the United States
(including the transportation of such aliens across State lines to detention
centers), may carry out such function at the expense of the State or political
subdivision and to extent consistent with State and local law. No request from
a bona fide State or political subdivision or bona fide law enforcement agency
shall be denied absent good cause. No limit on the number of agreements under
this subsection may be imposed. The Secretary shall process requests for such
agreements with all due haste, and in no case shall take not more than 90 days
from the date the request is made until the agreement is
consummated.;
(2) by redesignating
paragraph (2) as paragraph (5) and paragraphs (3) through (10) as paragraphs
(7) through (14), respectively;
(3) by inserting after
paragraph (1) the following:
(2) An agreement under this subsection
shall accommodate a requesting State or political subdivision with respect to
the enforcement model or combination of models, and shall accommodate a patrol
model, task force model, jail model, any combination thereof, or any other
reasonable model the State or political subdivision believes is best suited to
the immigration enforcement needs of its jurisdiction.
(3) No Federal program or technology directed
broadly at identifying inadmissible or deportable aliens shall substitute for
such agreements, including those establishing a jail model, and shall operate
in addition to any agreement under this subsection.
(4)
(A) No agreement under this
subsection shall be terminated without good cause.
(B)
(i) The Secretary shall
provide a State or political subdivision written notice of intent to terminate
at least 180 days prior to date of intended termination, and the notice shall
fully explain the grounds for termination, along with providing evidence
substantiating the Secretary’s allegations.
(ii) The State or political subdivision
shall have the right to a hearing before an administrative law judge and, if
the ruling is against the State or political subdivision, to appeal the ruling
to the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals and, if the ruling is against the State
or political subdivision, to the Supreme Court.
(C) The agreement shall remain in full
effect during the course of any and all legal
proceedings.
;
and
(4) by inserting after
paragraph (5) (as redesignated) the following:
(6) The Secretary of Homeland Security
shall make training of State and local law enforcement officers available
through as many means as possible, including through residential training at
the Center for Domestic Preparedness and the Federal Law Enforcement Training
Center, onsite training held at State or local police agencies or facilities,
online training courses by computer, teleconferencing, and videotape, or the
digital video display (DVD) of a training course or courses. Distance learning
through a secure, encrypted distributed learning system that has all its
servers based in the United States, is scalable, survivable, and can have a
portal in place not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this
Act, shall be made available by the COPS Office of the Department of Justice
and the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Distributed Learning Program
for State and local law enforcement personnel. Preference shall be given to
private sector-based web-based immigration enforcement training programs for
which the Federal Government has already provided support to
develop.
.
113.
State criminal
alien assistance program (SCAAP)
Section 241(i) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1231(i)) is amended—
(1) by striking
Attorney General the first place such term appears and inserting
Secretary of Homeland Security;
(2) by striking
Attorney General each place such term appears thereafter and
inserting Secretary;
(3) in paragraph (3)(A), by inserting
charged with or before convicted; and
(4) by amending
paragraph (5) to read as follows:
(5) There are authorized to be appropriated to
carry out this subsection such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2014
and each subsequent fiscal
year.
.
114.
State
violations of enforcement of immigration laws
(a)
In
general
Section 642 of the
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C.
1373) is amended—
(1) by striking
Immigration and Naturalization Service in each place it appears
and inserting Department of Homeland Security;
(2) in subsection (a),
by striking may and inserting shall;
(3) in subsection
(b)—
(A) by striking
no person or agency may and inserting a person or agency
shall not;
(B) by striking
doing any of the following with respect to information and
inserting undertaking any of the following law enforcement
activities; and
(C) by striking
paragraphs (1) through (3) and inserting the following:
(1) Notifying the
Federal Government regarding the presence of inadmissible and deportable aliens
who are encountered by law enforcement personnel of a State or political
subdivision of a State.
(2) Complying with
requests for information from Federal law enforcement.
(3) Complying with
detainers issued by the Department of Homeland Security.
(4) Issuing policies
in the form of a resolutions, ordinances, administrative actions, general or
special orders, or departmental policies that violate Federal law or restrict a
State or political subdivision of a State from complying with Federal law or
coordinating with Federal law
enforcement.
;
and
(4) by adding at the
end the following:
(d)
Compliance
(1)
In
general
A State, or a
political subdivision of a State, that has in effect a statute, policy, or
practice that prohibits law enforcement officers of the State, or of a
political subdivision of the State, from assisting or cooperating with Federal
immigration law enforcement in the course of carrying out the officers’ routine
law enforcement duties shall not be eligible to receive—
(A) any of the funds
that would otherwise be allocated to the State or political subdivision under
section 241(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1231(i)) or the
Cops on the Beat program under part Q of title I of the Omnibus
Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796dd et seq.);
or
(B) any other law enforcement or Department of
Homeland Security grant.
(2)
Annual
determination
The Secretary shall determine annually which State
or political subdivision of a State are not in compliance with section and
shall report such determinations to Congress on March 1 of each year.
(3)
Reports
The
Attorney General shall issue a report concerning the compliance of any
particular State or political subdivision at the request of the House or Senate
Judiciary Committee. Any jurisdiction that is found to be out of compliance
shall be ineligible to receive Federal financial assistance as provided in
paragraph (1) for a minimum period of 1 year, and shall only become eligible
again after the Attorney General certifies that the jurisdiction is in
compliance.
(4)
Reallocation
Any
funds that are not allocated to a State or to a political subdivision of a
State, due to the failure of the State, or of the political subdivision of the
State, to comply with subsection (c) shall be reallocated to States, or to
political subdivisions of States, that comply with such subsection.
(e)
Construction
Nothing
in this section shall require law enforcement officials from States, or from
political subdivisions of States, to report or arrest victims or witnesses of a
criminal
offense.
.
(b)
Effective
date
The amendments made by
this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act, except
that subsection (d) of section 642 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and
Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1373), as added by this section,
shall take effect beginning one year after the date of the enactment of this
Act.
115.
Clarifying the
authority of ICE detainers
Except as otherwise provided by Federal law
or rule of procedure, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall execute all
lawful writs, process, and orders issued under the authority of the United
States, and shall command all necessary assistance to execute the Secretary’s
duties.
II
National
Security
201.
Removal of, and
denial of benefits to, terrorist aliens
(a)
Asylum
Section
208(b)(2)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1158(b)(2)(A)) is
amended—
(1) by inserting
or the Secretary of Homeland Security after if the
Attorney General; and
(2) by amending clause
(v) to read as follows:
(v) the alien is described in subparagraph
(B)(i) or (F) of section 212(a)(3), unless, in the case of an alien described
in subparagraph (IV), (V), or (IX) of section 212(a)(3)(B)(i), the Secretary of
Homeland Security or the Attorney General determines, in the discretion of the
Secretary or the Attorney General, that there are not reasonable grounds for
regarding the alien as a danger to the security of the United States;
or
.
(b)
Cancellation of
removal
Section 240A(c)(4) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1229b(c)(4)) is
amended—
(1) by striking
inadmissible under and inserting described in;
and
(2) by striking
deportable under and inserting described
in.
(c)
Voluntary
departure
Section 240B(b)(1)(C) of such Act (8 U.S.C.
1229c(b)(1)(C)) is amended by striking deportable under section
237(a)(2)(A)(iii) or section 237(a)(4); and inserting described
in paragraph (2)(A)(iii) or (4) of section 237(a);.
(d)
Restriction on
removal
Section 241(b)(3)(B) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1231(b)(3)(B))
is amended—
(1) by inserting
or the Secretary of Homeland Security after Attorney
General wherever that term appears;
(2) in clause (iii),
by striking or at the end;
(3) in clause (iv), by
striking the period at the end and inserting ; or;
(4) by inserting after
clause (iv) the following:
(v) the alien is described in subparagraph
(B)(i) or (F) of section 212(a)(3), unless, in the case of an alien described
in subparagraph (IV), (V), or (IX) of section 212(a)(3)(B)(i), the Secretary of
Homeland Security or the Attorney General determines, in discretion of the
Secretary or the Attorney General, that there are not reasonable grounds for
regarding the alien as a danger to the security of the United
States.
;
and
(5) by striking the
final sentence.
(e)
Record of
admission
(1)
In
general
Section 249 of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1259) is amended to
read as follows:
249.
Record of admission for permanent residence in the case of
certain aliens who entered the United States prior to January 1,
1972
The Secretary of Homeland Security, in the
discretion of the Secretary and under such regulations as the Secretary may
prescribe, may enter a record of lawful admission for permanent residence in
the case of any alien, if no such record is otherwise available and the
alien—
(1) entered the United
States before January 1, 1972;
(2) has continuously
resided in the United States since such entry;
(3) has been a person
of good moral character since such entry;
(4) is not ineligible
for citizenship;
(5) is not described
in paragraph (1)(A)(iv), (2), (3), (6)(C), (6)(E), or (8) of section 212(a);
and
(6) did not, at any
time, without reasonable cause fail or refuse to attend or remain in attendance
at a proceeding to determine the alien’s inadmissibility or
deportability.
Such
recordation shall be effective as of the date of approval of the application or
as of the date of entry if such entry occurred prior to July 1,
1924.
.
(2)
Clerical
amendment
The table of contents for such Act is amended by
amending the item relating to section 249 to read as follows:
Sec. 249. Record of admission for
permanent residence in the case of certain aliens who entered the United States
prior to January 1,
1972.
.
(f)
Effective
date
The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the
date of enactment of this Act and sections 208(b)(2)(A), 212(a), 240A, 240B,
241(b)(3), and 249 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as so amended, shall
apply to—
(1) all aliens in
removal, deportation, or exclusion proceedings;
(2) all applications
pending on, or filed after, the date of the enactment of this Act; and
(3) with respect to
aliens and applications described in paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection,
acts and conditions constituting a ground for exclusion, deportation, or
removal occurring or existing before, on, or after the date of the enactment of
this Act.
202.
Terrorist bar
to good moral character
(a)
Definition of
good moral character
Section 101(f) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(f)) is amended—
(1) by redesignating
paragraphs (1) through (9) as paragraphs (2) through (10), respectively;
(2) by inserting after
paragraph (1) the following:
(2) one who the
Secretary of Homeland Security or Attorney General determines to have been at
any time an alien described in section 212(a)(3) or 237(a)(4), which
determination may be based upon any relevant information or evidence, including
classified, sensitive, or national security
information;
;
(3) in paragraph (9)
(as redesignated), by inserting , regardless whether the crime was
classified as an aggravated felony at the time of conviction, except that the
Secretary of Homeland Security or Attorney General may, in the unreviewable
discretion of the Secretary or Attorney General, determine that this paragraph
shall not apply in the case of a single aggravated felony conviction (other
than murder, manslaughter, homicide, rape, or any sex offense when the victim
of such sex offense was a minor) for which completion of the term of
imprisonment or the sentence (whichever is later) occurred 10 or more years
prior to the date of application after (as defined in subsection
(a)(43)); and
(4) by striking the
first sentence the follows paragraph (10) (as redesignated) and inserting
following: The fact that any person is not within any of the foregoing
classes shall not preclude a discretionary finding for other reasons that such
a person is or was not of good moral character. The Secretary or the Attorney
General shall not be limited to the applicant’s conduct during the period for
which good moral character is required, but may take into consideration as a
basis for determination the applicant’s conduct and acts at any
time.
(b)
Aggravated
felons
Section 509(b) of the Immigration Act of 1990 (8 U.S.C.
1101 note) is amended to read as follows:
(b)
Effective
date
The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect on
November 29, 1990, and shall apply to convictions occurring before, on or after
such
date.
.
(c)
Technical
correction to the Intelligence Reform Act
Section 5504(2) of the
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Public Law 108–458)
is amended by striking adding at the end and inserting
inserting after paragraph (8).
(d)
Effective
date
The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) shall take
effect on the date of enactment of this Act, shall apply to any act that
occurred before, on, or after such date and shall apply to any application for
naturalization or any other benefit or relief, or any other case or matter
under the immigration laws pending on or filed after such date. The amendments
made by subsection (c) shall take effect as if enacted in the Intelligence
Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Public Law 108–458).
203.
Terrorist bar
to naturalization
(a)
Naturalization
of persons endangering the national security
Section 316 of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1426) is amended by adding at the end
the following:
(g)
Persons
endangering the national security
No person shall be naturalized
who the Secretary of Homeland Security determines to have been at any time an
alien described in section 212(a)(3) or 237(a)(4). Such determination may be
based upon any relevant information or evidence, including classified,
sensitive, or national security
information.
.
(b)
Concurrent
naturalization and removal proceedings
Section 318 of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1429) is amended by striking
other Act; and inserting other Act; and no application
for naturalization shall be considered by the Secretary of Homeland Security or
any court if there is pending against the applicant any removal proceeding or
other proceeding to determine the applicant’s inadmissibility or deportability,
or to determine whether the applicant’s lawful permanent resident status should
be rescinded, regardless of when such proceeding was commenced:
Provided, That the findings of the Attorney General in
terminating removal proceedings or in canceling the removal of an alien
pursuant to the provisions of this Act, shall not be deemed binding in any way
upon the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the question of whether
such person has established his eligibility for naturalization as required by
this title;.
(c)
Pending
denaturalization or removal proceedings
Section 204(b) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1154(b)) is amended by adding at the
end the following: No petition shall be approved pursuant to this
section if there is any administrative or judicial proceeding (whether civil or
criminal) pending against the petitioner that could (whether directly or
indirectly) result in the petitioner’s denaturalization or the loss of the
petitioner’s lawful permanent resident status..
(d)
Conditional
permanent residents
Sections 216(e) and section 216A(e) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1186a(e) and 1186b(e)) are each
amended by striking the period at the end and inserting , if the alien
has had the conditional basis removed pursuant to this section..
(e)
District court
jurisdiction
Subsection 336(b) of the Immigration and Nationality
Act, 8 U.S.C. 1447(b), is amended to read as follows:
(b) If there is a
failure to render a final administrative decision under section 335 before the
end of the 180-day period after the date on which the Secretary of Homeland
Security completes all examinations and interviews conducted under such
section, as such terms are defined by the Secretary of Homeland Security
pursuant to regulations, the applicant may apply to the district court for the
district in which the applicant resides for a hearing on the matter. Such court
shall only have jurisdiction to review the basis for delay and remand the
matter to the Secretary of Homeland Security for the Secretary’s determination
on the
application.
.
(f)
Conforming
amendment
Section 310(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act
(8 U.S.C. 1421(c)) is amended—
(1) by inserting
, not later than the date that is 120 days after the Secretary of
Homeland Security’s final determination, after seek;
and
(2) by striking the
second sentence and inserting the following: The burden shall be upon
the petitioner to show that the Secretary’s denial of the application was not
supported by facially legitimate and bona fide reasons. Except in a proceeding
under section 340, notwithstanding any other provision of law (statutory or
nonstatutory), including section 2241 of title 28, United States Code, or any
other habeas corpus provision, and sections 1361 and 1651 of such title, no
court shall have jurisdiction to determine, or to review a determination of the
Secretary made at any time regarding, whether, for purposes of an application
for naturalization, an alien is a person of good moral character, whether the
alien understands and is attached to the principles of the Constitution of the
United States, or whether an alien is well disposed to the good order and
happiness of the United States..
(g)
Effective
date
The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the
date of enactment of this Act, shall apply to any act that occurred before, on,
or after such date, and shall apply to any application for naturalization or
any other case or matter under the immigration laws pending on, or filed after,
such date.
204.
Denaturalization
for terrorists
(a)
In
general
Section 340 of the
Immigration and Nationality Act is amended—
(1) by redesignating
subsections (f) through (h) as subsections (g) through (i), respectively;
and
(2) by inserting after
subsection (e) the following:
(f)
(1) If a person who has been
naturalized participates in any act described in paragraph (2), the Attorney
General is authorized to find that, as of the date of such naturalization, such
person was not attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United
States and was not well disposed to the good order and happiness of the United
States at the time of naturalization, and upon such finding shall set aside the
order admitting such person to citizenship and cancel the certificate of
naturalization as having been obtained by concealment of a material fact or by
willful misrepresentation, and such revocation and setting aside of the order
admitting such person to citizenship and such canceling of certificate of
naturalization shall be effective as of the original date of the order and
certificate, respectively.
(2) The acts described in this paragraph are
the following:
(A) Any activity a purpose of which is the
opposition to, or the control or overthrow of, the Government of the United
States by force, violence, or other unlawful means.
(B) Engaging in a terrorist activity (as
defined in clauses (iii) and (iv) of section 212(a)(3)(B)).
(C) Incitement of terrorist activity under
circumstances indicating an intention to cause death or serious bodily
harm.
(D) Receiving military-type training (as
defined in section 2339D(c)(1) of title 18, United States Code) from or on
behalf of any organization that, at the time the training was received, was a
terrorist organization (as defined in section
212(a)(3)(B)(vi)).
.
(b)
Effective
date
The amendments made by subsection (a) shall take effect on
the date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to acts that occur on or
after such date.
205.
Use of 1986
IRCA legalization information for national security purposes
(a)
Special
agricultural workers
Section 210(b)(6) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1160(b)(6)) is amended—
(1) by striking
Attorney General each place such term appears and inserting
Secretary of Homeland Security;
(2) in subparagraph
(A), by striking Department of Justice, and inserting
Department of Homeland Security,;
(3) by redesignating
subparagraphs (C) and (D) as subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively;
(4) by inserting after
subparagraph (B) the following:
(C)
Authorized
disclosures
(i)
Census
purpose
The Secretary of Homeland Security may provide, in his
discretion, for the furnishing of information furnished under this section in
the same manner and circumstances as census information may be disclosed under
section 8 of title 13, United States Code.
(ii)
National
security purpose
The Secretary of Homeland Security may provide,
in his discretion, for the furnishing, use, publication, or release of
information furnished under this section in any investigation, case, or matter,
or for any purpose, relating to terrorism, national intelligence or the
national security.
;
and
(5) in subparagraph
(D), as redesignated, by striking Service and inserting
Department of Homeland Security.
(b)
Adjustment of
status under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of
1986
Section 245A(c)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1255a(c)(5)), is amended—
(1) by striking
Attorney General each place such term appears and inserting
Secretary of Homeland Security;
(2) in subparagraph
(A), by striking Department of Justice, and inserting
Department of Homeland Security,;
(3) by amending
subparagraph (C) to read as follows:
(C)
Authorized
disclosures
(i)
Census
purpose
The Secretary of Homeland Security may provide, in his
discretion, for the furnishing of information furnished under this section in
the same manner and circumstances as census information may be disclosed under
section 8 of title 13, United States Code.
(ii)
National
security purpose
The Secretary of Homeland Security may provide,
in his discretion, for the furnishing, use, publication, or release of
information furnished under this section in any investigation, case, or matter,
or for any purpose, relating to terrorism, national intelligence or the
national security.
;
and
(4) in subparagraph
(D), striking Service and inserting Department of
Homeland Security.
206.
Background and
security checks
(a)
Requirement To
complete background and security checks
Section 103 of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1103) is amended by adding at the end
the following:
(h) Notwithstanding
any other provision of law (statutory or nonstatutory), including but not
limited to section 309 of Public Law 107–173, sections 1361 and 1651 of title
28, United States Code, and section 706(1) of title 5, United States Code,
neither the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Attorney General, nor any court
may—
(1) grant, or order
the grant of or adjudication of an application for adjustment of status to that
of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence;
(2) grant, or order
the grant of or adjudication of an application for United States citizenship or
any other status, relief, protection from removal, employment authorization, or
other benefit under the immigration laws;
(3) grant, or order
the grant of or adjudication of, any immigrant or nonimmigrant petition;
or
(4) issue or order the
issuance of any documentation evidencing or related to any such grant, until
such background and security checks as the Secretary may in his discretion
require have been completed or updated to the satisfaction of the
Secretary.
(i) Notwithstanding
any other provision of law (statutory or nonstatutory), including but not
limited to section 309 of Public Law 107–173, sections 1361 and 1651 of title
28, United States Code, and section 706(1) of title 5, United States Code,
neither the Secretary of Homeland Security nor the Attorney General may be
required to—
(1) grant, or order
the grant of or adjudication of an application for adjustment of status to that
of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence,
(2) grant, or order
the grant of or adjudication of an application for United States citizenship or
any other status, relief, protection from removal, employment authorization, or
other benefit under the immigration laws,
(3) grant, or order
the grant of or adjudication of, any immigrant or nonimmigrant petition,
or
(4) issue or order the
issuance of any documentation evidencing or related to any such grant, until
any suspected or alleged materially false information, material
misrepresentation or omission, concealment of a material fact, fraud or
forgery, counterfeiting, or alteration, or falsification of a document, as
determined by the Secretary, relating to the adjudication of an application or
petition for any status (including the granting of adjustment of status),
relief, protection from removal, or other benefit under this subsection has
been investigated and resolved to the Secretary’s satisfaction.
(j) Notwithstanding any other provision of law
(statutory or nonstatutory), including section 309 of the Enhanced Border
Security and Visa Entry Reform Act (8 U.S.C. 1738), sections 1361 and 1651 of
title 28, United States Code, and section 706(1) of title 5, United States
Code, no court shall have jurisdiction to require any of the acts in subsection
(h) or (i) to be completed by a certain time or award any relief for failure to
complete or delay in completing such
acts.
.
(b)
Construction
(1)
In
general
Chapter 4 of title III of the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
362.
Construction
(a)
In
general
Nothing in this Act or any other law, except as provided
in subsection (d), shall be construed to require the Secretary of Homeland
Security, the Attorney General, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Labor,
or a consular officer to grant any application, approve any petition, or grant
or continue any relief, protection from removal, employment authorization, or
any other status or benefit under the immigration laws by, to, or on behalf
of—
(1) any alien deemed
by the Secretary to be described in section 212(a)(3) or section 237(a)(4);
or
(2) any alien with
respect to whom a criminal or other proceeding or investigation is open or
pending (including, but not limited to, issuance of an arrest warrant,
detainer, or indictment), where such proceeding or investigation is deemed by
the official described in subsection (a) to be material to the alien’s
eligibility for the status or benefit sought.
(b)
Denial or
withholding of adjudication
An official described in subsection
(a) may, in the discretion of the official, deny (with respect to an alien
described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a)) or withhold adjudication
of pending resolution of the investigation or case (with respect to an alien
described in subsection (a)(2) of this section) any application, petition,
relief, protection from removal, employment authorization, status or
benefit.
(c)
Jurisdiction
Notwithstanding
any other provision of law (statutory or nonstatutory), including section 309
of the Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act (8 U.S.C. 1738),
sections 1361 and 1651 of title 28, United States Code, and section 706(1) of
title 5, United States Code, no court shall have jurisdiction to review a
decision to deny or withhold adjudication pursuant to subsection (b) of this
section.
(d)
Withholding of
Removal and Torture Convention
This section does not limit or
modify the applicability of section 241(b)(3) or the United Nations Convention
Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,
subject to any reservations, understandings, declarations and provisos
contained in the United States Senate resolution of ratification of the
Convention, as implemented by section 2242 of the Foreign Affairs Reform and
Restructuring Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–277) with respect to an alien
otherwise eligible for protection under such
provisions.
.
(2)
Clerical
amendment
The table of contents for such Act is amended by
inserting after the item relating to section 361 the following:
362.
Construction.
.
(c)
Effective
date
The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the
date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to applications for
immigration benefits pending on or after such date.
207.
Technical
amendments relating to the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of
2004
(a)
Transit Without
Visa program
Section 7209(d) of the Intelligence Reform and
Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (8 U.S.C. 1185 note) is amended by striking
the Secretary, in conjunction with the Secretary of Homeland
Security, and inserting the Secretary of Homeland Security, in
consultation with the Secretary of State,.
(b)
Technology
acquisition and dissemination plan
Section 7201(c)(1) of such Act
is amended by inserting and the Department of State after
used by the Department of Homeland Security.
III
Removal of
Criminal Aliens
301.
Definition of
aggravated felony and conviction
(a)
Definition of
aggravated felony
Section 101(a)(43) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(43)) is amended—
(1) by striking
The term aggravated felony means— and inserting
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the term aggravated
felony applies to an offense described in this paragraph, whether in
violation of Federal or State law, or in violation of the law of a foreign
country for which the term of imprisonment was completed within the previous 15
years, even if the length of the term of imprisonment for the offense is based
on recidivist or other enhancements and regardless of whether the conviction
was entered before, on, or after September 30, 1996, and means—;
(2) in subparagraph
(A), by striking murder, rape, or sexual abuse of a minor; and
inserting murder, manslaughter, homicide, rape (whether the victim was
conscious or unconscious), or any offense of a sexual nature involving a victim
under the age of 18 years;;
(3) in subparagraph
(I), by striking or 2252 and inserting 2252, or
2252A.
(4) in subparagraph (F), by striking at
least one year; and inserting is at least one year, except that
if the conviction records do not conclusively establish whether a crime
constitutes a crime of violence, the Attorney General may consider other
evidence related to the conviction that clearly establishes that the conduct
for which the alien was engaged constitutes a crime of violence;
(5) in subparagraph
(N), by striking paragraph (1)(A) or (2) of;
(6) in subparagraph
(O), by striking section 275(a) or 276 committed by an alien who was
previously deported on the basis of a conviction for an offense described in
another subparagraph of this paragraph and inserting section 275
or 276 for which the term of imprisonment is at least 1 year;
(7) in subparagraph
(U), by striking an attempt or conspiracy to commit an offense described
in this paragraph and inserting attempting or conspiring to
commit an offense described in this paragraph, or aiding, abetting, counseling,
procuring, commanding, inducing, or soliciting the commission of such an
offense.; and
(8) by striking the
undesignated matter following subparagraph (U).
(b)
Definition of
conviction
Section 101(a)(48) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(48))
is amended by adding at the end the following:
(C) Any reversal, vacatur, expungement,
or modification to a conviction, sentence, or conviction record that was
granted to ameliorate the consequences of the conviction, sentence, or
conviction record, or was granted for rehabilitative purposes, or for failure
to advise the alien of the immigration consequences of a guilty plea or a
determination of guilt, shall have no effect on the immigration consequences
resulting from the original conviction. The alien shall have the burden of
demonstrating that any reversal, vacatur, expungement, or modification was not
granted to ameliorate the consequences of the conviction, sentence, or
conviction record, for rehabilitative purposes, or for failure to advise the
alien of the immigration consequences of a guilty plea or a determination of
guilt, except where the alien establishes a pardon consistent with section
237(a)(2)(A)(vi).
.
(c)
Effective date;
application of amendments
(1)
In
general
The amendments made by subsection (a)—
(A) shall take effect
on the date of the enactment of this Act; and
(B) shall apply to any
act or conviction that occurred before, on, or after such date.
(2)
Application of
IIRIRA amendments
The amendments to section 101(a)(43) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(43)) made by section 321 of
the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
(division C of Public Law 104–208; 110 Stat. 3009-627) shall continue to apply,
whether the conviction was entered before, on, or after September 30,
1996.
302.
Precluding
admissibility of aliens convicted of aggravated felonies or other serious
offenses
(a)
Inadmissibility
on criminal and related grounds; waivers
Section 212 of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182) is amended—
(1) in subparagraph
(a)(2)(A)(i)—
(A) in subclause (I),
by striking or at the end;
(B) in subclause (II),
by adding or at the end; and
(C) by inserting after
subclause (II) the following:
(III) a violation of
(or a conspiracy or attempt to violate) an offense described in section 408 of
title 42, United States Code (relating to social security account numbers or
social security cards) or section 1028 of title 18, United States Code
(relating to fraud and related activity in connection with identification
documents, authentication features, and
information);
.
(2) by adding at the
end of subsection (a)(2) the following:
(J)
Procurement of
citizenship or naturalization unlawfully
Any alien convicted of, or who admits
having committed, or who admits committing acts which constitute the essential
elements of, a violation of, or an attempt or a conspiracy to violate,
subsection (a) or (b) of section 1425 of title 18, United States Code (relating
to the procurement of citizenship or naturalization unlawfully) is
inadmissible.
(K)
Certain firearm
offenses
Any alien who at any time has been convicted under any
law of, or who admits having committed or admits committing acts which
constitute the essential elements of, purchasing, selling, offering for sale,
exchanging, using, owning, possessing, or carrying, or of attempting or
conspiring to purchase, sell, offer for sale, exchange, use, own, possess, or
carry, any weapon, part, or accessory which is a firearm or destructive device
(as defined in section 921(a) of title 18, United States Code) in violation of
any law is inadmissible.
(L)
Aggravated
felons
Any alien who has been convicted of an aggravated felony
at any time is inadmissible.
(M)
Crimes of
domestic violence, stalking, or violation of protection orders, crimes against
children
(i)
Domestic
violence, stalking, and child abuse
Any alien who at any time is
convicted of, or who admits having committed or admits committing acts which
constitute the essential elements of, a crime of domestic violence, a crime of
stalking, or a crime of child abuse, child neglect, or child abandonment is
inadmissible. For purposes of this clause, the term crime of domestic
violence means any crime of violence (as defined in section 16 of title
18, United States Code) against a person committed by a current or former
spouse of the person, by an individual with whom the person shares a child in
common, by an individual who is cohabiting with or has cohabited with the
person as a spouse, by an individual similarly situated to a spouse of the
person under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction where the
offense occurs, or by any other individual against a person who is protected
from that individual’s acts under the domestic or family violence laws of the
United States or any State, Indian tribal government, or unit of local or
foreign government.
(ii)
Violators of
protection orders
Any alien who at any time is enjoined under a
protection order issued by a court and whom the court determines has engaged in
conduct that violates the portion of a protection order that involves
protection against credible threats of violence, repeated harassment, or bodily
injury to the person or persons for whom the protection order was issued is
inadmissible. For purposes of this clause, the term protection
order means any injunction issued for the purpose of preventing violent
or threatening acts of domestic violence, including temporary or final orders
issued by civil or criminal courts (other than support or child custody orders
or provisions) whether obtained by filing an independent action or as a
independent order in another proceeding.
(iii)
Waiver
authorized
The waiver authority available under section 237(a)(7)
with respect to section 237(a)(2)(E)(i) shall be available on a comparable
basis with respect to this subparagraph.
(iv)
Clarification
If the conviction records do not
conclusively establish whether a crime of domestic violence constitutes a crime
of violence (as defined in section 16 of title 18, United States Code), the
Attorney General may consider other evidence related to the conviction that
clearly establishes that the conduct for which the alien was engaged
constitutes a crime of violence.
;
and
(3) in subsection
(h)—
(A) by striking
The Attorney General may, in his discretion, waive the application of
subparagraphs (A)(i)(I), (B), (D), and (E) of subsection (a)(2) and
inserting The Attorney General or the Secretary of Homeland Security
may, in the discretion of the Attorney General or the Secretary, waive the
application of subparagraphs (A)(i)(I), (III), (B), (D), (E), (K), and (M) of
subsection (a)(2);
(B) by striking
a criminal act involving torture. and inserting a
criminal act involving torture, or has been convicted of an aggravated
felony.;
(C) by striking
if either since the date of such admission the alien has been convicted
of an aggravated felony or the alien and inserting if since the
date of such admission the alien; and
(D) by inserting
or Secretary of Homeland Security after the Attorney
General wherever that phrase appears.
(b)
Deportability;
criminal offenses
Section 237(a)(3)(B) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(3)(B)) is amended—
(1) in clause (ii), by
striking or at the end;
(2) in clause (iii),
by inserting or at the end; and
(3) by inserting after
clause (iii) the following:
(iv) of a violation of, or an attempt or a
conspiracy to violate, section 1425(a) or (b) of Title 18 (relating to the
procurement of citizenship or naturalization
unlawfully),
.
(c)
Deportability;
criminal offenses
Section 237(a)(2) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(2)) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
(G) Any alien who at any time after admission
has been convicted of a violation of (or a conspiracy or attempt to violate)
section 408 of title 42, United States Code (relating to social security
account numbers or social security cards) or section 1028 of title 18, United
States Code (relating to fraud and related activity in connection with
identification) is
deportable.
.
(d)
Effective
date
The amendments made by this section shall apply—
(1) to any act that
occurred before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act; and
(2) to all aliens who
are required to establish admissibility on or after such date, and in all
removal, deportation, or exclusion proceedings that are filed, pending, or
reopened, on or after such date.
(e)
Construction
The
amendments made by subsection (a) shall not be construed to create eligibility
for relief from removal under former section 212(c) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act where such eligibility did not exist before these amendments
became effective.
303.
Espionage
clarification
Section
212(a)(3)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(3)(A)),
is amended to read as follows:
(A) Any alien who a consular officer, the
Attorney General, or the Secretary of Homeland Security knows, or has
reasonable ground to believe, seeks to enter the United States to engage
solely, principally, or incidentally in, or who is engaged in, or with respect
to clauses (i) and (iii) of this subparagraph has engaged in—
(i) any
activity—
(I) to violate any law
of the United States relating to espionage or sabotage; or
(II) to violate or
evade any law prohibiting the export from the United States of goods,
technology, or sensitive information;
(ii) any other
unlawful activity; or
(iii) any activity a
purpose of which is the opposition to, or the control or overthrow of, the
Government of the United States by force, violence, or other unlawful
means;
is
inadmissible.
.
304.
Prohibition of
the sale of firearms to, or the possession of firearms by, certain
aliens
Section 922 of title
18, United States Code, is amended—
(1) in subsection
(d)(5), in subparagraph (B), by striking (y)(2) and all that
follows and inserting (y), is in the United States not as an alien
lawfully admitted for permanent residence;
(2) in subsection
(g)(5), in subparagraph (B), by striking (y)(2) and all that
follows and inserting (y), is in the United States not as an alien
lawfully admitted for permanent residence; and
(3) in subsection
(y)—
(A) in the header, by
striking admitted under
nonimmigrant visas.— and inserting
not lawfully admitted for
permanent residence;
(B) in paragraph (1),
by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:
(B) the term
lawfully admitted for permanent residence has the same meaning
as in section 101(a)(20) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1101(a)(20).
.
(C) in paragraph (2),
by striking under a nonimmigrant visa and inserting but
not lawfully admitted for permanent residence; and
(D) in paragraph
(3)(A), by striking admitted to the United States under a nonimmigrant
visa and inserting lawfully admitted to the United States but
not as an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence.
305.
Uniform statute
of limitations for certain immigration, naturalization, and peonage
offenses
Section 3291 of title
18, United States Code, is amended by striking No person through
the period at the end and inserting the following: No person shall be
prosecuted, tried, or punished for a violation of any section of chapters 69
(relating to nationality and citizenship offenses) and 75 (relating to
passport, visa, and immigration offenses), or for a violation of any criminal
provision of sections 243, 266, 274, 275, 276, 277, or 278 of the Immigration
and Nationality Act, or for an attempt or conspiracy to violate any such
section, unless the indictment is returned or the information is filed within
ten years after the commission of the offense..
306.
Conforming
amendment to the definition of racketeering activity
Section 1961(1) of title 18, United States
Code, is amended by striking section 1542 through section
1546 (relating to fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other
documents) and inserting sections 1541-1548 (relating to
passports and visas).
307.
Conforming
amendments for the aggravated felony definition
(a)
In
general
Subparagraph (P) of
section 101(a)(43) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1101(a)(43)) is amended—
(1) by striking
(i) which either is falsely making, forging, counterfeiting, mutilating,
or altering a passport or instrument in violation of section 1543 of title 18,
United States Code, or is described in section 1546(a) of such title (relating
to document fraud) and (ii) and inserting which is described in
any section of chapter 75 of title 18, United States Code,; and
(2) by inserting after
first offense the following: (i) that is not described in
section 1548 of such title (relating to increased penalties), and
(ii).
(b)
Effective
date
The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect on
the date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to acts that occur
before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
308.
Precluding
refugee or asylee adjustment of status for aggravated felons
(a)
In
general
Section 209(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1159(c)) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
However, an alien who is convicted of an aggravated felony is not
eligible for a waiver or for adjustment of status under this
section..
(b)
Effective
date
The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply—
(1) to any act that
occurred before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act; and
(2) to all aliens who
are required to establish admissibility on or after such date, and in all
removal, deportation, or exclusion proceedings that are filed, pending, or
reopened, on or after such date.
309.
Inadmissibility
and deportability of drunk drivers
(a)
In
general
Section 101(a)(43) of the Immigration and Nationality Act
(8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(43)) is amended—
(1) in subparagraph
(T), by striking and;
(2) in subparagraph
(U); by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and;
and
(3) by inserting after
subparagraph (U) the following:.
(V) A
second conviction for driving while intoxicated (including a conviction for
driving while under the influence of or impaired by alcohol or drugs) without
regard to whether the conviction is classified as a misdemeanor or felony under
State
law.
.
(b)
Effective
date
The amendments made by subsection (a) shall take effect on
the date of the enactment of this Act and apply to convictions entered on or
after such date.
310.
Detention of
dangerous aliens
(a)
In
general
Section 241(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1231(a)) is amended—
(1) by striking
Attorney General each place it appears, except for the first
reference in paragraph (4)(B)(i), and inserting Secretary of Homeland
Security;
(2) in paragraph (1),
by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:
(B)
Beginning of
period
The removal period
begins on the latest of the following:
(i) The date the order
of removal becomes administratively final.
(ii) If the alien is
not in the custody of the Secretary on the date the order of removal becomes
administratively final, the date the alien is taken into such custody.
(iii) If the alien is detained or confined
(except under an immigration process) on the date the order of removal becomes
administratively final, the date the alien is taken into the custody of the
Secretary, after the alien is released from such detention or
confinement.
;
(3) in paragraph (1),
by amending subparagraph (C) to read as follows:
(C)
Suspension of
period
(i)
Extension
The removal period shall be extended beyond
a period of 90 days and the Secretary may, in the Secretary’s sole discretion,
keep the alien in detention during such extended period if—
(I) the alien fails or
refuses to make all reasonable efforts to comply with the removal order, or to
fully cooperate with the Secretary’s efforts to establish the alien’s identity
and carry out the removal order, including making timely application in good
faith for travel or other documents necessary to the alien's departure or
conspires or acts to prevent the alien's removal that is subject to an order of
removal;
(II) a court, the
Board of Immigration Appeals, or an immigration judge orders a stay of removal
of an alien who is subject to an administratively final order of
removal;
(III) the Secretary
transfers custody of the alien pursuant to law to another Federal agency or a
State or local government agency in connection with the official duties of such
agency; or
(IV) a court or the Board of Immigration Appeals
orders a remand to an immigration judge or the Board of Immigration Appeals,
during the time period when the case is pending a decision on remand (with the
removal period beginning anew on the date that the alien is ordered removed on
remand).
(ii)
Renewal
If
the removal period has been extended under clause (C)(i), a new removal period
shall be deemed to have begun on the date—
(I) the alien makes
all reasonable efforts to comply with the removal order, or to fully cooperate
with the Secretary’s efforts to establish the alien’s identity and carry out
the removal order;
(II) the stay of
removal is no longer in effect; or
(III) the alien is
returned to the custody of the Secretary.
(iii)
Mandatory
detention for certain aliens
In the case of an alien described in
subparagraphs (A) through (D) of section 236(c)(1), the Secretary shall keep
that alien in detention during the extended period described in clause
(i).
(iv)
Sole form of
relief
An alien may seek relief from detention under this
subparagraph only by filing an application for a writ of habeas corpus in
accordance with chapter 153 of title 28, United States Code. No alien whose
period of detention is extended under this subparagraph shall have the right to
seek release on
bond.
;
(4) in paragraph
(3)—
(A) by adding after
If the alien does not leave or is not removed within the removal
period the following: or is not detained pursuant to paragraph
(6) of this subsection; and
(B) by striking
subparagraph (D) and inserting the following:
(D) to obey reasonable restrictions on the
alien’s conduct or activities that the Secretary prescribes for the alien, in
order to prevent the alien from absconding, for the protection of the
community, or for other purposes related to the enforcement of the immigration
laws.
;
(5) in paragraph
(4)(A), by striking paragraph (2) and inserting
subparagraph (B); and
(6) by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the
following:
(6)
Additional rules
for detention or release of certain aliens
(A)
Detention review
process for cooperative aliens established
For an alien who is not otherwise subject
to mandatory detention, who has made all reasonable efforts to comply with a
removal order and to cooperate fully with the Secretary of Homeland Security's
efforts to establish the alien's identity and carry out the removal order,
including making timely application in good faith for travel or other documents
necessary to the alien's departure, and who has not conspired or acted to
prevent removal, the Secretary shall establish an administrative review process
to determine whether the alien should be detained or released on conditions.
The Secretary shall make a determination whether to release an alien after the
removal period in accordance with subparagraph (B). The determination shall
include consideration of any evidence submitted by the alien, and may include
consideration of any other evidence, including any information or assistance
provided by the Secretary of State or other Federal official and any other
information available to the Secretary of Homeland Security pertaining to the
ability to remove the alien.
(B)
Authority to
detain beyond removal period
(i)
In
general
The Secretary of
Homeland Security, in the exercise of the Secretary’s sole discretion, may
continue to detain an alien for 90 days beyond the removal period (including
any extension of the removal period as provided in paragraph (1)(C)). An alien
whose detention is extended under this subparagraph shall have no right to seek
release on bond.
(ii)
specific
circumstances
The Secretary
of Homeland Security, in the exercise of the Secretary’s sole discretion, may
continue to detain an alien beyond the 90 days authorized in clause (i)—
(I) until the alien is removed, if the
Secretary, in the Secretary’s sole discretion, determines that there is a
significant likelihood that the alien—
(aa) will be removed in the reasonably
foreseeable future; or
(bb) would be removed in the reasonably
foreseeable future, or would have been removed, but for the alien's failure or
refusal to make all reasonable efforts to comply with the removal order, or to
cooperate fully with the Secretary's efforts to establish the alien's identity
and carry out the removal order, including making timely application in good
faith for travel or other documents necessary to the alien's departure, or
conspires or acts to prevent removal;
(II) until the alien is removed, if the
Secretary of Homeland Security certifies in writing—
(aa) in consultation with the Secretary of
Health and Human Services, that the alien has a highly contagious disease that
poses a threat to public safety;
(bb) after receipt of a written recommendation
from the Secretary of State, that release of the alien is likely to have
serious adverse foreign policy consequences for the United States;
(cc) based on information available to the
Secretary of Homeland Security (including classified, sensitive, or national
security information, and without regard to the grounds upon which the alien
was ordered removed), that there is reason to believe that the release of the
alien would threaten the national security of the United States; or
(dd) that the release of the alien will threaten
the safety of the community or any person, conditions of release cannot
reasonably be expected to ensure the safety of the community or any person, and
either (AA) the alien has been convicted of one or more aggravated felonies (as
defined in section 101(a)(43)(A)) or of one or more crimes identified by the
Secretary of Homeland Security by regulation, or of one or more attempts or
conspiracies to commit any such aggravated felonies or such identified crimes,
if the aggregate term of imprisonment for such attempts or conspiracies is at
least 5 years; or (BB) the alien has committed one or more crimes of violence
(as defined in section 16 of title 18, United States Code, but not including a
purely political offense) and, because of a mental condition or personality
disorder and behavior associated with that condition or disorder, the alien is
likely to engage in acts of violence in the future; or
(III) pending a certification under subclause
(II), so long as the Secretary of Homeland Security has initiated the
administrative review process not later than 30 days after the expiration of
the removal period (including any extension of the removal period, as provided
in paragraph (1)(C)).
(iii)
No right to
bond hearing
An alien whose
detention is extended under this subparagraph shall have no right to seek
release on bond, including by reason of a certification under clause
(ii)(II).
(C)
Renewal and
delegation of certification
(i)
Renewal
The Secretary of Homeland Security may
renew a certification under subparagraph (B)(ii)(II) every 6 months, after
providing an opportunity for the alien to request reconsideration of the
certification and to submit documents or other evidence in support of that
request. If the Secretary does not renew a certification, the Secretary may not
continue to detain the alien under subparagraph (B)(ii)(II).
(ii)
Delegation
Notwithstanding section 103, the Secretary
of Homeland Security may not delegate the authority to make or renew a
certification described in item (bb), (cc), or (dd) of subparagraph (B)(ii)(II)
below the level of the Assistant Secretary for Immigration and Customs
Enforcement.
(iii)
Hearing
The Secretary of Homeland Security may
request that the Attorney General or the Attorney General's designee provide
for a hearing to make the determination described in item (dd)(BB) of
subparagraph (B)(ii)(II).
(D)
Release on
conditions
If it is
determined that an alien should be released from detention by a Federal court,
the Board of Immigration Appeals, or if an immigration judge orders a stay of
removal, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in the exercise of the Secretary's
discretion, may impose conditions on release as provided in paragraph
(3).
(E)
Redetention
The Secretary of Homeland Security, in the
exercise of the Secretary's discretion, without any limitations other than
those specified in this section, may again detain any alien subject to a final
removal order who is released from custody, if removal becomes likely in the
reasonably foreseeable future, the alien fails to comply with the conditions of
release, or to continue to satisfy the conditions described in subparagraph
(A), or if, upon reconsideration, the Secretary, in the Secretary’s sole
discretion, determines that the alien can be detained under subparagraph (B).
This section shall apply to any alien returned to custody pursuant to this
subparagraph, as if the removal period terminated on the day of the
redetention.
(F)
Review of
determinations by Secretary
A
determination by the Secretary under this paragraph shall not be subject to
review by any other
agency.
.
(b)
Detention of
aliens during removal proceedings
(1)
Clerical
amendment
(A) Section 236 of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1226) is amended by striking
Attorney General each place it appears (except in the second
place that term appears in section 236(a)) and inserting Secretary of
Homeland Security.
(B) Section 236(a) of such Act (8 U.S.C.
1226(a)) is amended by inserting the Secretary of Homeland Security
or before the Attorney General—.
(C) Section 236(e) of such Act (8 U.S.C.
1226(e)) is amended by striking Attorney General’s and inserting
Secretary of Homeland Security’s.
(2)
Length of
detention
Section 236 of such
Act (8 U.S.C. 1226) is amended by adding at the end the following:
(f)
Length of
detention
(1)
In
general
Notwithstanding any
other provision of this section, an alien may be detained under this section
for any period, without limitation, except as provided in subsection (h), until
the alien is subject to a final order of removal.
(2)
Construction
The
length of detention under this section shall not affect detention under section
241.
.
(3)
Detention of
criminal aliens
Section
236(c)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1226(c)(1)) is
amended, in the matter following subparagraph (D) to read as follows:
any time
after the alien is released, without regard to whether an alien is released
related to any activity, offense, or conviction described in this paragraph; to
whether the alien is released on parole, supervised release, or probation; or
to whether the alien may be arrested or imprisoned again for the same offense.
If the activity described in this paragraph does not result in the alien being
taken into custody by any person other than the Secretary, then when the alien
is brought to the attention of the Secretary or when the Secretary determines
it is practical to take such alien into custody, the Secretary shall take such
alien into
custody.
.
(4)
Administrative
review
Section 236 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1226), as amended by paragraph (2), is further amended by adding at the
end the following:
(g)
Administrative
review
(1)
In
general
The Attorney General’s review of the Secretary’s custody
determinations under subsection (a) for the following classes of aliens shall
be limited to whether the alien may be detained, released on bond (of at least
$1,500 with security approved by the Secretary), or released with no
bond:
(A) Aliens in
exclusion proceedings.
(B) Aliens described
in section 212(a)(3) or 237(a)(4).
(C) Aliens described
in subsection (c).
(2)
Special
rule
The Attorney General’s
review of the Secretary’s custody determinations under subsection (a) for
aliens in deportation proceedings subject to section 242(a)(2) of the Act (as
in effect prior to April 1, 1997, and as amended by section 440(c) of Public
Law 104–132) shall be limited to a determination of whether the alien is
properly included in such category.
(h)
Release on
bond
(1)
In
general
An alien detained
under subsection (a) may seek release on bond. No bond may be granted except to
an alien who establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the alien is not
a flight risk or a risk to another person or the community.
(2)
Certain aliens
ineligible
No alien detained under subsection (c) may seek
release on
bond.
.
(5)
Clerical
amendments
(A) Section 236(a)(2)(B) of
the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1226(a)(2)(B)) is amended by
striking conditional parole and inserting
recognizance.
(B) Section 236(b) of such Act (8 U.S.C.
1226(b)) is amended by striking parole and inserting
recognizance.
(c)
Severability
If
any of the provisions of this section or any amendment by this section, or the
application of any such provision to any person or circumstance, is held to be
invalid for any reason, the remainder of this section and of amendments made by
this section, and the application of the provisions and of the amendments made
by this section to any other person or circumstance shall not be affected by
such holding.
(d)
Effective
dates
(1) The amendments
made by subsection (a) shall take effect upon the date of enactment of this
Act, and section 241 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as so amended,
shall in addition apply to—
(A) all aliens subject
to a final administrative removal, deportation, or exclusion order that was
issued before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act; and
(B) acts and
conditions occurring or existing before, on, or after such date.
(2) The amendments
made by subsection (b) shall take effect upon the date of the enactment of this
Act, and section 236 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as so amended,
shall in addition apply to any alien in detention under provisions of such
section on or after such date.
311.
Grounds of
inadmissibility and deportability for alien gang members
(a)
Definition of
gang member
Section 101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act
(8 U.S.C. 1101(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
(53)
(A) The term criminal
gang means an ongoing group, club, organization, or association of 5 or
more persons that has as one of its primary purposes the commission of 1 or
more of the following criminal offenses and the members of which engage, or
have engaged within the past 5 years, in a continuing series of such offenses,
or that has been designated as a criminal gang by the Secretary of Homeland
Security, in consultation with the Attorney General, as meeting these criteria.
The offenses described, whether in violation of Federal or State law or foreign
law and regardless of whether the offenses occurred before, on, or after the
date of the enactment of this paragraph, are the following:
(i) A felony drug offense
(as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C.
802)).
(ii) An offense under section 274
(relating to bringing in and harboring certain aliens), section 277 (relating
to aiding or assisting certain aliens to enter the United States), or section
278 (relating to importation of alien for immoral purpose).
(iii) A crime of violence (as defined in
section 16 of title 18, United States Code).
(iv) A crime involving obstruction of
justice, tampering with or retaliating against a witness, victim, or informant,
or burglary.
(v) Any conduct punishable under sections
1028 and 1029 of title 18, United States Code (relating to fraud and related
activity in connection with identification documents or access devices),
sections 1581 through 1594 of such title (relating to peonage, slavery and
trafficking in persons), section 1952 of such title (relating to interstate and
foreign travel or transportation in aid of racketeering enterprises), section
1956 of such title (relating to the laundering of monetary instruments),
section 1957 of such title (relating to engaging in monetary transactions in
property derived from specified unlawful activity), or sections 2312 through
2315 of such title (relating to interstate transportation of stolen motor
vehicles or stolen property).
(vi) A conspiracy to commit an offense
described in clauses (i) through (v).
(B) Notwithstanding any other provision
of law (including any effective date), the term applies regardless of whether
the conduct occurred before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this
paragraph.
.
(b)
Inadmissibility
Section 212(a)(2) of such Act (8 U.S.C.
1182(a)(2)), as amended by section 302(a)(2) of this Act, is further amended by
adding at the end the following:
(N)
Aliens
associated with criminal gangs
Any alien is inadmissible who a consular
officer, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or the Attorney General knows or
has reason to believe—
(i) to
be or to have been a member of a criminal gang (as defined in section
101(a)(53)); or
(ii) to have
participated in the activities of a criminal gang (as defined in section
101(a)(53)), knowing or having reason to know that such activities will
promote, further, aid, or support the illegal activity of the criminal
gang.
.
(c)
Deportability
Section
237(a)(2) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(2)), as
amended by section 302(c) of this Act, is further amended by adding at the end
the following:
(H)
Aliens
associated with criminal gangs
Any alien is deportable who the Secretary
of Homeland Security or the Attorney General knows or has reason to
believe—
(i) is
or has been a member of a criminal gang (as defined in section 101(a)(53));
or
(ii) has participated
in the activities of a criminal gang (as so defined), knowing or having reason
to know that such activities will promote, further, aid, or support the illegal
activity of the criminal
gang.
.
(d)
Designation
(1)
In
general
Chapter 2 of title II of the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1182) is amended by inserting after section 219 the
following:
220.
Designation
(a)
In
general
The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with
the Attorney General, and the Secretary of State may designate a groups or
association as a criminal street gangs if their conduct is described in section
101(a)(53) or if the group or association conduct poses a significant risk that
threatens the security and the public safety of United States nationals or the
national security, homeland security, foreign policy, or economy of the United
States.
(b)
Effective
date
Designations under subsection (a) shall remain in effect
until the designation is revoked after consultation between the Secretary of
Homeland Security, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of State or is
terminated in accordance with Federal
law.
.
(2)
Clerical
amendment
The table of contents for such Act is amended by
inserting after the item relating to section 219 the following:
220.
Designation.
.
(e)
Mandatory
detention of criminal street gang members
(1)
In
general
Section 236(c)(1)(D) of the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1226(c)(1)(D)) is amended—
(A) by inserting
or 212(a)(2)(N) after 212(a)(3)(B); and
(B) by inserting
or 237(a)(2)(H) before 237(a)(4)(B).
(2)
Annual
report
Not later than March 1 of each year (beginning 1 year
after the date of the enactment of this Act), the Secretary of Homeland
Security, after consultation with the appropriate Federal agencies, shall
submit a report to the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of
Representatives and of the Senate on the number of aliens detained under the
amendments made by paragraph (1).
(f)
Asylum claims
based on gang affiliation
(1)
Inapplicability
of restriction on removal to certain countries
Section
241(b)(3)(B) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1251(b)(3)(B)) is
amended, in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting who is
described in section 212(a)(2)(N)(i) or section 237(a)(2)(H)(i) or who
is after to an alien.
(2)
Ineligibility
for asylum
Section 208(b)(2)(A) of such Act (8 U.S.C.
1158(b)(2)(A)) is amended—
(A) in clause (v), by
striking or at the end;
(B) by redesignating
clause (vi) as clause (vii); and
(C) by inserting after
clause (v) the following:
(vi) the alien is described in section
212(a)(2)(N)(i) or section 237(a)(2)(H)(i) (relating to participation in
criminal street gangs);
or
.
(g)
Temporary
protected status
Section 244 of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1254a) is
amended—
(1) by striking
Attorney General each place it appears and inserting
Secretary of Homeland Security;
(2) in subparagraph
(c)(2)(B), by adding at the end the following:
(iii) the alien is, or at any time after
admission has been, a member of a criminal gang (as defined in section
101(a)(53)).
;
and
(3) in subsection
(d)——
(A) by striking
paragraph (3); and
(B) in paragraph (4),
by adding at the end the following: The Secretary of Homeland Security
may detain an alien provided temporary protected status under this section
whenever appropriate under any other provision of law..
(h)
Effective
date
The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the
date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to acts that occur before,
on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
312.
Extension of
identity theft offenses
(a)
Fraud and
related activities relating to identification documents
Section 1028 of title 18, United States
Code, is amended in subsection (a)(7), by striking of another
person and inserting that is not his or her own.
(b)
Aggravated
identity theft
Section
1028A(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking of
another person both places it appears and inserting that is not
his or her own.
313.
Laundering of
monetary instruments
(a)
Additional
predicate offenses
Section
1956(c)(7)(D) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
(1) by inserting
section 1590 (relating to trafficking with respect to peonage, slavery,
involuntary servitude, or forced labor), after section 1363
(relating to destruction of property within the special maritime and
territorial jurisdiction),; and
(2) by inserting
section 274(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.1324(a))
(relating to bringing in and harboring certain aliens), after
section 590 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1590) (relating to
aviation smuggling),.
(b)
Intent To
conceal or disguise
Section
1956(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
(1) in paragraph (1)
so that subparagraph (B) reads as follows:
(B) knowing that the transaction—
(i) conceals or
disguises, or is intended to conceal or disguise, the nature, source, location,
ownership, or control of the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity;
or
(ii) avoids, or is
intended to avoid, a transaction reporting requirement under State or Federal
law,
;
and
(2) in paragraph (2) so that subparagraph (B)
reads as follows:
(B) knowing that the monetary instrument or
funds involved in the transportation, transmission, or transfer represent the
proceeds of some form of unlawful activity, and knowing that such
transportation, transmission, or transfer—
(i) conceals or
disguises, or is intended to conceal or disguise, the nature, source, location,
ownership, or control of the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity;
or
(ii) avoids, or is
intended to avoid, a transaction reporting requirement under State or Federal
law,
.
314.
Increased
criminal penalties relating to alien smuggling and related offenses
(a)
In
general
Section 274 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1324), is amended to read as follows:
274.
Alien smuggling
and related offenses
(a)
Criminal
offenses and penalties
(1)
Prohibited
activities
Except as provided in paragraph (3), a person shall be
punished as provided under paragraph (2), if the person—
(A) facilitates,
encourages, directs, or induces a person to come to or enter the United States,
or to cross the border to the United States, knowing or in reckless disregard
of the fact that such person is an alien who lacks lawful authority to come to,
enter, or cross the border to the United States;
(B) facilitates,
encourages, directs, or induces a person to come to or enter the United States,
or to cross the border to the United States, at a place other than a designated
port of entry or place other than as designated by the Secretary of Homeland
Security, knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that such person is an
alien and regardless of whether such alien has official permission or lawful
authority to be in the United States;
(C) transports, moves,
harbors, conceals, or shields from detection a person outside of the United
States knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that such person is an
alien in unlawful transit from one country to another or on the high seas,
under circumstances in which the alien is seeking to enter the United States
without official permission or lawful authority;
(D) encourages or
induces a person to reside in the United States, knowing or in reckless
disregard of the fact that such person is an alien who lacks lawful authority
to reside in the United States;
(E) transports or
moves a person in the United States, knowing or in reckless disregard of the
fact that such person is an alien who lacks lawful authority to enter or be in
the United States, if the transportation or movement will further the alien’s
illegal entry into or illegal presence in the United States;
(F) harbors, conceals,
or shields from detection a person in the United States, knowing or in reckless
disregard of the fact that such person is an alien who lacks lawful authority
to be in the United States; or
(G) conspires or
attempts to commit any of the acts described in subparagraphs (A) through
(F).
(2)
Criminal
penalties
A person who violates any provision under paragraph (1)
shall, for each alien in respect to whom a violation of paragraph (1)
occurs—
(A) except as provided
in subparagraphs (C) through (G), if the violation was not committed for
commercial advantage, profit, or private financial gain, be fined under title
18, United States Code, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both;
(B) except as provided
in subparagraphs (C) through (G), if the violation was committed for commercial
advantage, profit, or private financial gain—
(i) be
fined under such title, imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both, if the
violation is the offender’s first violation under this subparagraph; or
(ii) be fined under
such title, imprisoned for not less than 3 years or more than 20 years, or
both, if the violation is the offender’s second or subsequent violation of this
subparagraph;
(C) if the violation
furthered or aided the commission of any other offense against the United
States or any State that is punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year, be
fined under such title, imprisoned for not less than 5 years or more than 20
years, or both;
(D) be fined under
such title, imprisoned not less than 5 years or more than 20 years, or both, if
the violation created a substantial and foreseeable risk of death, a
substantial and foreseeable risk of serious bodily injury (as defined in
section 2119(2) of title 18, United States Code), or inhumane conditions to
another person, including—
(i) transporting the
person in an engine compartment, storage compartment, or other confined
space;
(ii) transporting the
person at an excessive speed or in excess of the rated capacity of the means of
transportation; or
(iii) transporting the
person in, harboring the person in, or otherwise subjecting the person to
crowded or dangerous conditions;
(E) if the violation
caused serious bodily injury (as defined in section 2119(2) of title 18, United
States Code) to any person, be fined under such title, imprisoned for not less
than 7 years or more than 30 years, or both;
(F) be fined under
such title and imprisoned for not less than 10 years or more than 30 years if
the violation involved an alien who the offender knew or had reason to believe
was—
(i) engaged in
terrorist activity (as defined in section 212(a)(3)(B)); or
(ii) intending to
engage in terrorist activity;
(G) if the violation
caused or resulted in the death of any person, be punished by death or
imprisoned for a term of years not less than 10 years and up to life, and fined
under title 18, United States Code.
(3)
Limitation
It
is not a violation of subparagraph (D), (E), or (F) of paragraph (1) for a
religious denomination having a bona fide nonprofit, religious organization in
the United States, or the agents or officers of such denomination or
organization, to encourage, invite, call, allow, or enable an alien who is
present in the United States to perform the vocation of a minister or
missionary for the denomination or organization in the United States as a
volunteer who is not compensated as an employee, notwithstanding the provision
of room, board, travel, medical assistance, and other basic living expenses,
provided the minister or missionary has been a member of the denomination for
at least 1 year.
(4)
Extraterritorial
jurisdiction
There is extraterritorial Federal jurisdiction over
the offenses described in this subsection.
(b)
Seizure and
forfeiture
(1)
In
general
Any real or personal property used to commit or
facilitate the commission of a violation of this section, the gross proceeds of
such violation, and any property traceable to such property or proceeds, shall
be subject to forfeiture.
(2)
Applicable
procedures
Seizures and forfeitures under this subsection shall
be governed by the provisions of chapter 46 of title 18, United States Code,
relating to civil forfeitures, except that such duties as are imposed upon the
Secretary of the Treasury under the customs laws described in section 981(d)
shall be performed by such officers, agents, and other persons as may be
designated for that purpose by the Secretary of Homeland Security.
(3)
Prima facie
evidence in determinations of violations
In determining whether a
violation of subsection (a) has occurred, prima facie evidence that an alien
involved in the alleged violation lacks lawful authority to come to, enter,
reside in, remain in, or be in the United States or that such alien had come
to, entered, resided in, remained in, or been present in the United States in
violation of law may include:
(A) any order,
finding, or determination concerning the alien’s status or lack of status made
by a Federal judge or administrative adjudicator (including an immigration
judge or immigration officer) during any judicial or administrative proceeding
authorized under Federal immigration law;
(B) official records
of the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, or the
Department of State concerning the alien’s status or lack of status; and
(C) testimony by an
immigration officer having personal knowledge of the facts concerning the
alien’s status or lack of status.
(c)
Authority To
arrest
No officer or person shall have authority to make any
arrests for a violation of any provision of this section except:
(1) officers and
employees designated by the Secretary of Homeland Security, either individually
or as a member of a class; and
(2) other officers
responsible for the enforcement of Federal criminal laws.
(d)
Admissibility of
videotaped witness testimony
Notwithstanding any provision of the
Federal Rules of Evidence, the videotaped or otherwise audiovisually preserved
deposition of a witness to a violation of subsection (a) who has been deported
or otherwise expelled from the United States, or is otherwise unavailable to
testify, may be admitted into evidence in an action brought for that violation
if:
(1) the witness was
available for cross examination at the deposition by the party, if any,
opposing admission of the testimony; and
(2) the deposition
otherwise complies with the Federal Rules of Evidence.
(e)
Definitions
In
this section:
(1)
Cross the border
to the united states
The term cross the border
refers to the physical act of crossing the border, regardless of whether the
alien is free from official restraint.
(2)
Lawful
authority
The term lawful authority means
permission, authorization, or license that is expressly provided for in the
immigration laws of the United States or accompanying regulations. The term
does not include any such authority secured by fraud or otherwise obtained in
violation of law or authority sought, but not approved. No alien shall be
deemed to have lawful authority to come to, enter, reside in, remain in, or be
in the United States if such coming to, entry, residence, remaining, or
presence was, is, or would be in violation of law.
(3)
Proceeds
The
term proceeds includes any property or interest in property
obtained or retained as a consequence of an act or omission in violation of
this section.
(4)
Unlawful
transit
The term unlawful transit means travel,
movement, or temporary presence that violates the laws of any country in which
the alien is present or any country from which or to which the alien is
traveling or
moving.
.
(b)
Clerical
amendment
The table of contents for the Immigration and
Nationality Act is amended by striking the item relating to section 274 and
inserting the following:
Sec. 274. Alien smuggling and related
offenses.
.
(c)
Prohibiting
carrying or using a firearm during and in relation to an alien smuggling
crime
Section 924(c) of title 18, United States Code, is
amended—
(1) in paragraph
(1)—
(A) in subparagraph
(A)——
(i) by inserting , alien smuggling
crime, after any crime of violence; and
(ii) by
inserting , alien smuggling crime, after such crime of
violence; and
(B) in subparagraph
(D)(ii), by inserting , alien smuggling crime, after
crime of violence; and
(2) by adding at the
end the following:
(6) For purposes of
this subsection, the term alien smuggling crime means any felony
punishable under section 274(a), 277, or 278 of the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1324(a), 1327, and
1328).
.
315.
Penalties for
illegal entry
(a)
In
general
Section 275 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1325) is amended to read as follows:
275.
Illegal entry
(a)
In general
(1)
Illegal
entry
An alien shall be subject to the penalties set forth in
paragraph (2) if the alien:
(A) knowingly enters
or crosses the border into the United States at any time or place other than as
designated by the Secretary of Homeland Security;
(B) knowingly eludes,
at any time or place, examination or inspection by an authorized immigration,
customs, or agriculture officer (including by failing to stop at the command of
such officer);
(C) knowingly enters
or crosses the border to the United States and, upon examination or inspection,
knowingly makes a false or misleading representation or the knowing concealment
of a material fact (including such representation or concealment in the context
of arrival, reporting, entry, or clearance requirements of the customs laws,
immigration laws, agriculture laws, or shipping laws); or
(D) knowingly violates
for a period of 90 days or more the terms or conditions of the alien’s
admission or parole into the United States.
(2)
Criminal
penalties
Any alien who violates any provision under paragraph
(1):
(A) shall, for the
first violation, be fined under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned not
more than 6 months, or both;
(B) shall, for a
second or subsequent violation, or following an order of voluntary departure,
be fined under such title, imprisoned not more than 2 years, or both;
(C) if the violation
occurred after the alien had been convicted of 3 or more misdemeanors or for a
felony, shall be fined under such title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or
both;
(D) if the violation
occurred after the alien had been convicted of a felony for which the alien
received a term of imprisonment of not less than 30 months, shall be fined
under such title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both; and
(E) if the violation
occurred after the alien had been convicted of a felony for which the alien
received a term of imprisonment of not less than 60 months, such alien shall be
fined under such title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
(3)
Prior
convictions
The prior convictions described in subparagraphs (C)
through (E) of paragraph (2) are elements of the offenses described and the
penalties in such subparagraphs shall apply only in cases in which the
conviction or convictions that form the basis for the additional penalty
are—
(A) alleged in the
indictment or information; and
(B) proven beyond a
reasonable doubt at trial or admitted by the defendant.
(4)
Duration of
offense
An offense under this subsection continues until the
alien is discovered within the United States by an immigration, customs, or
agriculture officer.
(5)
Attempt
Whoever
attempts to commit any offense under this section shall be punished in the same
manner as for a completion of such offense.
(b)
Improper time or
place; civil penalties
(1)
In
general
Any alien who is apprehended while entering, attempting
to enter, or knowingly crossing or attempting to cross the border to the United
States at a time or place other than as designated by immigration officers
shall be subject to a civil penalty, in addition to any criminal or other civil
penalties that may be imposed under any other provision of law, in an amount
equal to—
(A) not less than $50
or more than $250 for each such entry, crossing, attempted entry, or attempted
crossing; or
(B) twice the amount
specified in paragraph (1) if the alien had previously been subject to a civil
penalty under this
subsection.
.
(b)
Clerical
amendment
The table of contents for the Immigration and
Nationality Act is amended by striking the item relating to section 275 and
inserting the following:
275. Illegal
entry.
.
316.
Illegal
reentry
Section 276 of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1326) is amended to read as
follows:
276.
Reentry of removed alien
(a)
Reentry after
removal
Any alien who has been denied admission, excluded,
deported, or removed, or who has departed the United States while an order of
exclusion, deportation, or removal is outstanding, and subsequently enters,
attempts to enter, crosses the border to, attempts to cross the border to, or
is at any time found in the United States, shall be fined under title 18,
United States Code, imprisoned not more than 2 years, or both.
(b)
Reentry of
criminal offenders
Notwithstanding the penalty provided in
subsection (a), if an alien described in that subsection was convicted before
such removal or departure:
(1) for 3 or more
misdemeanors or for a felony, the alien shall be fined under title 18, United
States Code, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both;
(2) for a felony for
which the alien was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than 30
months, the alien shall be fined under such title, imprisoned not less than 2
years and not more than 15 years, or both;
(3) for a felony for
which the alien was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than 60
months, the alien shall be fined under such title, imprisoned not less than 4
years and not more than 20 years, or both;
(4) for murder, rape,
kidnapping, or a felony offense described in chapter 77 (relating to peonage
and slavery) or 113B (relating to terrorism) of such title, or for 3 or more
felonies of any kind, the alien shall be fined under such title, imprisoned not
less than 5 years and not more than 25 years, or both.
(c)
Reentry after
repeated removal
Any alien who has been denied admission,
excluded, deported, or removed 3 or more times and thereafter enters, attempts
to enter, crosses the border to, attempts to cross the border to, or is at any
time found in the United States, shall be fined under title 18, United States
Code, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
(d)
Proof of prior
convictions
The prior convictions described in subsection (b) are
elements of the crimes described, and the penalties in that subsection shall
apply only in cases in which the conviction or convictions that form the basis
for the additional penalty are—
(1) alleged in the
indictment or information; and
(2) proven beyond a
reasonable doubt at trial or admitted by the defendant.
(e)
Affirmative
defenses
It shall be an affirmative defense to a violation of
this section that—
(1) prior to the
alleged violation, the alien had sought and received the express consent of the
Secretary of Homeland Security to reapply for admission into the United States;
or
(2) with respect to an
alien previously denied admission and removed, the alien—
(A) was not required
to obtain such advance consent under the Immigration and Nationality Act or any
prior Act; and
(B) had complied with
all other laws and regulations governing the alien’s admission into the United
States.
(f)
Limitation on
collateral attack on underlying removal order
In a criminal
proceeding under this section, an alien may not challenge the validity of any
prior removal order concerning the alien.
(g)
Reentry of alien
removed prior to completion of term of imprisonment
Any alien
removed pursuant to section 241(a)(4) who enters, attempts to enter, crosses
the border to, attempts to cross the border to, or is at any time found in, the
United States shall be incarcerated for the remainder of the sentence of
imprisonment which was pending at the time of deportation without any reduction
for parole or supervised release unless the alien affirmatively demonstrates
that the Secretary of Homeland Security has expressly consented to the alien’s
reentry. Such alien shall be subject to such other penalties relating to the
reentry of removed aliens as may be available under this section or any other
provision of law.
(h)
Definitions
For
purposes of this section and section 275, the following definitions shall
apply:
(1)
Crosses the
border to the United States
The term crosses the
border refers to the physical act of crossing the border, regardless of
whether the alien is free from official restraint.
(2)
Felony
The
term felony means any criminal offense punishable by a term of
imprisonment of more than 1 year under the laws of the United States, any
State, or a foreign government.
(3)
Misdemeanor
The
term misdemeanor means any criminal offense punishable by a term
of imprisonment of not more than 1 year under the applicable laws of the United
States, any State, or a foreign government.
(4)
Removal
The
term removal includes any denial of admission, exclusion,
deportation, or removal, or any agreement by which an alien stipulates or
agrees to exclusion, deportation, or removal.
(5)
State
The
term State means a State of the United States, the District of
Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United
States.
.
317.
Reform of
passport, visa, and immigration fraud offenses
Chapter 75 of title 18, United States Code,
is amended to read as follows:
75
Passports and
Visas
Sec.
1541. Issuance without authority.
1542. False statement in application and use of
passport.
1543. Forgery or false use of passport.
1544. Misuse of a passport.
1545. Schemes to defraud aliens.
1546. Immigration and visa fraud.
1547. Attempts and conspiracies.
1548. Alternative penalties for certain offenses.
1549. Definitions.
1541.
Issuance
without authority
(a)
In
general
Whoever—
(1) acting or claiming
to act in any office or capacity under the United States, or a State, without
lawful authority grants, issues, or verifies any passport or other instrument
in the nature of a passport to or for any person; or
(2) being a consular
officer authorized to grant, issue, or verify passports, knowingly grants,
issues, or verifies any such passport to or for any person not owing
allegiance, to the United States, whether a citizen or not;
shall be
fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.
(b)
Definition
In
this section, the term State means a State of the United States,
the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the
United States.
1542.
False
statement in application and use of passport
Whoever knowingly—
(1) makes any false
statement in an application for passport with intent to induce or secure the
issuance of a passport under the authority of the United States, either for his
own use or the use of another, contrary to the laws regulating the issuance of
passports or the rules prescribed pursuant to such laws; or
(2) uses or attempts
to use, or furnishes to another for use any passport the issue of which was
secured in any way by reason of any false statement;
shall be
fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.
1543.
Forgery or
false use of passport
Whoever—
(1) falsely makes,
forges, counterfeits, mutilates, or alters any passport or instrument
purporting to be a passport, with intent that the same may be used; or
(2) knowingly uses, or
attempts to use, or furnishes to another for use any such false, forged,
counterfeited, mutilated, or altered passport or instrument purporting to be a
passport, or any passport validly issued which has become void by the
occurrence of any condition therein prescribed invalidating the same;
shall be fined under this title or
imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.
1544.
Misuse of a
passport
Whoever
knowingly—
(1) uses any passport
issued or designed for the use of another;
(2) uses any passport
in violation of the conditions or restrictions therein contained, or in
violation of the laws, regulations, or rules governing the issuance and use of
the passport;
(3) secures,
possesses, uses, receives, buys, sells, or distributes any passport knowing it
to be forged, counterfeited, altered, falsely made, procured by fraud, stolen,
or produced or issued without lawful authority; or
(4) violates the terms
and conditions of any safe conduct duly obtained and issued under the authority
of the United States;
shall be fined under this title,
imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.
1545.
Schemes to defraud
aliens
Whoever inside the
United States, or in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, in connection
with any matter that is authorized by or arises under the immigration laws of
the United States or any matter the offender claims or represents is authorized
by or arises under the immigration laws of the United States, knowingly
executes a scheme or artifice—
(1) to defraud any
person, or
(2) to obtain or
receive money or anything else of value from any person by means of false or
fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises;
shall be
fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.
1546.
Immigration and
visa fraud
Whoever
knowingly—
(1) uses any
immigration document issued or designed for the use of another;
(2) forges,
counterfeits, alters, or falsely makes any immigration document;
(3) mails, prepares,
presents, or signs any immigration document knowing it to contain any
materially false statement or representation;
(4) secures,
possesses, uses, transfers, receives, buys, sells, or distributes any
immigration document knowing it to be forged, counterfeited, altered, falsely
made, stolen, procured by fraud, or produced or issued without lawful
authority;
(5) adopts or uses a
false or fictitious name to evade or to attempt to evade the immigration
laws;
(6) transfers or
furnishes, without lawful authority, an immigration document to another person
for use by a person other than the person for whom the immigration document was
issued or designed; or
(7) produces, issues,
authorizes, or verifies, without lawful authority, an immigration
document;
shall be
fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.
1547.
Attempts and
conspiracies
Whoever attempts
or conspires to violate this chapter shall be punished in the same manner as a
person who completes that violation.
1548.
Alternative
penalties for certain offenses
(a)
Terrorism
Whoever
violates any section in this chapter to facilitate an act of international
terrorism or domestic terrorism (as such terms are defined in section 2331),
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 25 years, or
both.
(b)
Drug Trafficking
Offenses
Whoever violates any section in this chapter to
facilitate a drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 929(a)) shall be
fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
1549.
Definitions
In this chapter:
(1) An
application for a United States passport includes any document,
photograph, or other piece of evidence attached to or submitted in support of
the application.
(2) The term immigration
document means any instrument on which is recorded, by means of
letters, figures, or marks, matters which may be used to fulfill any
requirement of the Immigration and Nationality
Act.
.
318.
Forfeiture
Section 981(a)(1) of title 18, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
(I) Any property, real or personal, that has
been used to commit or facilitate the commission of a violation of chapter 75,
the gross proceeds of such violation, and any property traceable to any such
property or
proceeds.
.
319.
Expedited removal
for aliens inadmissible on criminal or security grounds
(a)
In
general
Section 238(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1228(b)) is amended–
(1) in paragraph (1)—
(A) by striking
Attorney General and inserting Secretary of Homeland
Security in the exercise of discretion; and
(B) by striking
set forth in this subsection or and inserting set forth
in this subsection, in lieu of removal proceedings under;
(2) in paragraph (3),
by striking paragraph (1) until 14 calendar days and inserting
paragraph (1) or (3) until 7 calendar days;
(3) by striking
Attorney General each place it appears in paragraphs (3) and (4)
and inserting Secretary of Homeland Security;
(4) in paragraph
(5)—
(A) by striking
described in this section and inserting described in
paragraph (1) or (2); and
(B) by striking
the Attorney General may grant in the Attorney General’s
discretion and inserting the Secretary of Homeland Security or
the Attorney General may grant, in the discretion of the Secretary or Attorney
General, in any proceeding;
(5) by redesignating
paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) as paragraphs (4), (5), and (6), respectively;
and
(6) by inserting after
paragraph (2) the following new paragraph:
(3) The Secretary of
Homeland Security in the exercise of discretion may determine inadmissibility
under section 212(a)(2) (relating to criminal offenses) and issue an order of
removal pursuant to the procedures set forth in this subsection, in lieu of
removal proceedings under section 240, with respect to an alien who
(A) has not been
admitted or paroled;
(B) has not been found
to have a credible fear of persecution pursuant to the procedures set forth in
section 235(b)(1)(B); and
(C) is not eligible
for a waiver of inadmissibility or relief from
removal.
.
(b)
Effective
date
The amendments made by subsection (a) shall take effect on
the date of the enactment of this Act but shall not apply to aliens who are in
removal proceedings under section 240 of the Immigration and Nationality Act as
of such date.
320.
Increased
penalties barring the admission of convicted sex offenders failing to register
and requiring deportation of sex offenders failing to register
(a)
Inadmissibility
Section
212(a)(2)(A)(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1182(a)(2)(A)(i)), as amended by section 302(a) of this Act, is further
amended—
(1) in subclause (II),
by striking or at the end;
(2) in subclause
(III), by adding or at the end; and
(3) by inserting after
subclause (III) the following:
(IV) a violation of
section 2250 of title 18, United States Code (relating to failure to register
as a sex
offender);
.
(b)
Deportability
Section 237(a)(2) of such Act (8 U.S.C.
1227(a)(2)), as amended by sections 302(c) and 311(c) of this Act, is further
amended—
(1) in subparagraph
(A), by striking clause (v); and
(2) by adding at the
end the following:
(I) Any alien convicted of, or who admits
having committed, or who admits committing acts which constitute the essential
elements of a violation of section 2250 of title 18, United States Code
(relating to failure to register as a sex offender) is
deportable.
.
(c)
Effective
date
The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the
date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to acts that occur before,
on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
321.
Protecting
immigrants from convicted sex offenders
(a)
Immigrants
Section 204(a)(1) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1154(a)(1)), is amended—
(1) in subparagraph
(A), by amending clause (viii) to read as follows:
(viii) Clause (i) shall not apply to a citizen of
the United States who has been convicted of an offense described in
subparagraph (A), (I), or (K) of section 101(a)(43), unless the Secretary of
Homeland Security, in the Secretary's sole and unreviewable discretion,
determines that the citizen poses no risk to the alien with respect to whom a
petition described in clause (i) is
filed.
;
and
(2) in subparagraph
(B)(i)—
(A) by redesignating
the second subclause (I) as subclause (II); and
(B) by amending such
subclause (II) to read as follows:
(II) Subclause (I) shall not apply in the case
of an alien admitted for permanent residence who has been convicted of an
offense described in subparagraph (A), (I), or (K) of section 101(a)(43),
unless the Secretary of Homeland Security, in the Secretary's sole and
unreviewable discretion, determines that the alien lawfully admitted for
permanent residence poses no risk to the alien with respect to whom a petition
described in subclause (I) is
filed.
.
(b)
Nonimmigrants
Section
101(a)(15)(K) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(K)), is amended by striking
204(a)(1)(A)(viii)(I)) each place such term appears and
inserting 204(a)(1)(A)(viii)).
(c)
Effective
date
The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the
date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to petitions filed on or
after such date.
322.
Clarification
to crimes of violence and crimes involving moral turpitude
(a)
Inadmissible
aliens
Section 212(a)(2)(A)
of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(2)(A)) is amended by
adding at the end the following:
(iii)
Clarification
If the conviction records do not
conclusively establish whether a crime constitutes a crime involving moral
turpitude, the Attorney General may consider other evidence related to the
conviction that clearly establishes that the conduct for which the alien was
engaged constitutes a crime involving moral
turpitude.
.
(b)
Deportable
aliens
(1)
General
crimes
Section 237(a)(2)(A) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(2)(A)),
as amended by section 320(b) of this Act, is further amended by inserting after
clause (iv) the following:
(v)
Crimes involving
moral turpitude
If the conviction records do not conclusively
establish whether a crime constitutes a crime involving moral turpitude, the
Attorney General may consider other evidence related to the conviction that
clearly establishes that the conduct for which the alien was engaged
constitutes a crime involving moral
turpitude.
.
(2)
Domestic
violence
Section 237(a)(2)(E) of such Act (8 U.S.C.
1227(a)(2)(E)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
(iii)
Crimes of
violence
If the conviction
records do not conclusively establish whether a crime of domestic violence
constitutes a crime of violence (as defined in section 16 of title 18, United
States Code), the Attorney General may consider other evidence related to the
conviction that clearly establishes that the conduct for which the alien was
engaged constitutes a crime of
violence.
.
(c)
Effective
date
The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the
date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to acts that occur before,
on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
323.
Penalties for
failure to obey removal orders
(a)
In
general
Section 243(a)(1) of
the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1253(a)(1)) is amended—
(1) by inserting
212(a) or before 237(a), ; and
(2) by striking
paragraph (3).
(b)
Effective
date
The amendments made by subsection (a) shall take effect on
the date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to acts that are
described in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of section 243(a)(1) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1253(a)(1)) that occur on or after
the date of the enactment of this Act.
324.
Pardons
(a)
Definition
Section
101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)), as amended by
section 311(a) of this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
following:
(54) The term pardon means
a full and unconditional pardon granted by the President of the United States,
Governor of any of the several States or constitutionally recognized
body.
.
(b)
Deportability
Section
237(a) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1227(a)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking clause
(vi); and
(2) by adding at the
end the following:
(8)
Pardons
(A)
In
general
In the case of an alien who has been convicted of a crime
and is subject to removal due to that conviction, if the alien, subsequent to
receiving the criminal conviction, is granted a pardon, the alien shall not be
deportable by reason of that criminal conviction.
(B)
Exception
Subparagraph
(A) shall not apply in the case of an alien granted a pardon if the pardon is
granted in whole or in part to eliminate that alien’s condition of
deportability.
.
(c)
Effective
date
The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the
date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to a pardon granted before,
on, or after such date.
IV
Visa
Security
401.
Cancellation of
additional visas
(a)
In
general
Section 222(g) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1202(g)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph
(1)—
(A) by striking
Attorney General and inserting Secretary;
and
(B) by inserting
and any other nonimmigrant visa issued by the United States that is in
the possession of the alien after such visa; and
(2) in paragraph
(2)(A), by striking (other than the visa described in paragraph (1))
issued in a consular office located in the country of the alien's
nationality and inserting (other than a visa described in
paragraph (1)) issued in a consular office located in the country of the
alien's nationality or foreign residence.
(b)
Effective
date
The amendment made by
subsection (a) shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act and
shall apply to a visa issued before, on, or after such date.
402.
Visa
information sharing
(a)
In
general
Section 222(f) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1202(f)(2)) is amended—
(1) by striking
issuance or refusal and inserting issuance, refusal, or
revocation;
(2) in paragraph (2),
by striking and on the basis of reciprocity;
(3) in paragraph
(2)(A)—
(A) by inserting
(i) after for the purpose of; and
(B) by striking
illicit weapons; or and inserting illicit weapons, or
(ii) determining a person’s deportability or eligibility for a visa, admission,
or other immigration benefit;;
(4) in paragraph
(2)(B)—
(A) by striking
for the purposes and inserting for one of the
purposes; and
(B) by striking
or to deny visas to persons who would be inadmissible to the United
States and inserting ; or; and
(5) by adding before
the period at the end the following:
(C) with regard to any or all aliens in the
database specified data elements from each record, if the Secretary of State
determines that it is in the national interest to provide such information to a
foreign
government.
.
(b)
Effective
date
The amendments made by
subsection (a) shall take effect 60 days after the date of the enactment of the
Act.
403.
Restricting
waiver of visa interviews
Section 222(h) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1202(h)(1)(B)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph
(1)(C), by inserting , in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland
Security, after if the Secretary;
(2) in paragraph
(1)(C)(i), by inserting , where such national interest shall not include
facilitation of travel of foreign nationals to the United States, reduction of
visa application processing times, or the allocation of consular
resources;
(3) in paragraph
(2)—
(A) by striking
or at the end of subparagraph (E);
(B) by striking the
period at the end of subparagraph (F) and inserting ; or;
and
(C) by adding at the
end the following:
(G) is an
individual—
(i) determined to be
in a class of aliens determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security to be
threats to national security;
(ii) identified by the
Secretary of Homeland Security as a person of concern; or
(iii) applying for a
visa in a visa category with respect to which the Secretary of Homeland
Security has determined that a waiver of the visa interview would create a high
risk of degradation of visa program
integrity.
.
404.
Authorizing the
Department of State to not interview certain ineligible visa
applicants
(a)
In
general
Section 222(h)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act
(8 U.S.C. 1202(h)(1)) is amended by inserting the alien is determined
by the Secretary of State to be ineligible for a visa based upon review of the
application or after unless.
(b)
Guidance
Not
later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary
of State shall issue guidance to consular officers on the standards and
processes for implementing the authority to deny visa applications without
interview in cases where the alien is determined by the Secretary of State to
be ineligible for a visa based upon review of the application.
(c)
Reports
Not
less frequently than once each quarter, the Secretary of State shall submit to
the Congress a report on the denial of visa applications without interview,
including—
(1) the number of such
denials; and
(2) a
post-by-post breakdown of such denials.
405.
Visa refusal
and revocation
(a)
Authority of the
Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of State
(1)
In
general
Section 428 of the
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 236) is amended by striking subsections
(b) and (c) and inserting the following:
(b)
Authority of the
Secretary of Homeland Security
(1)
In
general
Notwithstanding section 104(a) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1104(a)) or any other provision of law, and except as
provided in subsection (c) and except for the authority of the Secretary of
State under subparagraphs (A) and (G) of section 101(a)(15) of the Immigration
and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)), the Secretary—
(A) shall have
exclusive authority to issue regulations, establish policy, and administer and
enforce the provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et
seq.) and all other immigration or nationality laws relating to the functions
of consular officers of the United States in connection with the granting and
refusal of a visa; and
(B) may refuse or
revoke any visa to any alien or class of aliens if the Secretary, or designee,
determines that such refusal or revocation is necessary or advisable in the
security interests of the United States.
(2)
Effect of
revocation
The revocation of any visa under paragraph
(1)(B)—
(A) shall take effect
immediately; and
(B) shall
automatically cancel any other valid visa that is in the alien’s
possession.
(3)
Judicial
review
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including
section 2241 of title 28, United States Code, or any other habeas corpus
provision, and sections 1361 and 1651 of such title, no court shall have
jurisdiction to review a decision by the Secretary of Homeland Security to
refuse or revoke a visa, and no court shall have jurisdiction to hear any claim
arising from, or any challenge to, such a refusal or revocation.
(c)
Authority of the
Secretary of State
(1)
In
general
The Secretary of State may direct a consular officer to
refuse a visa requested by an alien if the Secretary of State determines such
refusal to be necessary or advisable in the interests of the United
States.
(2)
Limitation
No
decision by the Secretary of State to approve a visa may override a decision by
the Secretary of Homeland Security under subsection
(b).
.
(2)
Conforming
Amendment
Section 237(a)(1)(B) of the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(1)(B)) is amended by striking under section
221(i).
(3)
Effective
date
The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall take effect on the
date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to visa refusals and
revocations occurring before, on, or after such date.
(b)
Technical
corrections to the Homeland Security Act
Section 428(a) of the
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 236) is amended by—
(1) striking
subsection and inserting section; and
(2) striking
consular office and inserting consular
officer.
406.
Funding for the
visa security program
(a)
In
general
The Department of
State and Related Agency Appropriations Act, 2005 (title IV of division B of
Public Law 108–447) is amended, in the fourth paragraph under the heading
Diplomatic and Consular Programs, by striking
Beginning through the period at the end and inserting the
following: Beginning in fiscal year 2005 and thereafter, the Secretary
of State is authorized to charge surcharges related to consular services in
support of enhanced border security that are in addition to the immigrant visa
fees in effect on January 1, 2004: Provided, That funds collected pursuant to
this authority shall be credited to the appropriation for U.S. Immigration and
Customs Enforcement for the fiscal year in which the fees were collected, and
shall be available until expended for the funding of the Visa Security Program
established by the Secretary of Homeland Security under section 428(e) of the
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–296): Provided further, That such
surcharges shall be 10 percent of the fee assessed on immigrant visa
applications..
(b)
Repayment of
appropriated funds
Twenty
percent of the funds collected each fiscal year under the heading
Diplomatic and Consular Programs in the Department of State and
Related Agency Appropriations Act, 2005 (title IV of division B of Public Law
108–447), as amended by subsection (a), shall be deposited into the general
fund of the Treasury as repayment of funds appropriated pursuant to section
407(c) of this Act until the entire appropriated sum has been repaid.
407.
Expeditious
expansion of visa security program to high-risk posts
(a)
In
general
Section 428(i) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6
U.S.C. 236(i)) is amended to read as follows:
(i)
Visa issuance at
designated high-Risk posts
Notwithstanding any other provision of
law, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall conduct an on-site review of all
visa applications and supporting documentation before adjudication at the top
30 visa-issuing posts designated jointly by the Secretaries of State and
Homeland Security as high-risk
posts.
.
(b)
Assignment of
personnel
Not later than one year after the date of enactment of
this section, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall assign personnel to the
visa-issuing posts referenced in section 428(i) of the Homeland Security Act of
2002 (6 U.S.C. 236(i)), as amended by this section, and communicate such
assignments to the Secretary of State.
(c)
Appropriations
There
is authorized to be appropriated $60,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2014
and 2015, which shall be used to expedite the implementation of section 428(i)
of the Homeland Security Act, as amended by this section.
408.
Expedited
clearance and placement of Department of Homeland Security personnel at
overseas embassies and consular posts
Section 428 of the Homeland Security Act of
2002 (6 U.S.C. 236) is amended by adding at the end the following:
(j)
Expedited
clearance and placement of Department of Homeland Security personnel at
overseas embassies and consular posts
Notwithstanding any other
provision of law, and the processes set forth in National Security Defense
Directive 38 (dated June 2, 1982) or any successor Directive, the Chief of
Mission of a post to which the Secretary of Homeland Security has assigned
personnel under subsection (e) or (i) shall ensure, not later than one year
after the date on which the Secretary of Homeland Security communicates such
assignment to the Secretary of State, that such personnel have been stationed
and accommodated at post and are able to carry out their
duties.
.
409.
Increased
criminal penalties for student visa integrity
Section 1546 of title 18, United States
Code, is amended by striking 10 years and inserting 15
years (if the offense was committed by an owner, official, or employee of an
educational institution with respect to such institution’s participation in the
Student and exchange Visitor Program), 10 years.
410.
Accreditation
requirements
(a)
Colleges,
universities, and language training programs
Section 101(a) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph
(15)(F)(i)—
(A) by striking
section 214(1) at an established college, university, seminary,
conservatory or in an accredited language training program in the United
States and inserting section 214(m) at an accredited college,
university, or language training program, or at an established seminary,
conservatory, academic high school, elementary school, or other academic
institution in the United States; and
(B) by striking
Attorney General each place such term appears and inserting
Secretary of Homeland Security; and
(C) by amending
paragraph (52) to read as follows:
(52) Except as
provided in section 214(m)(4), the term accredited college, university,
or language training program means a college, university, or language
training program that is accredited by an accrediting agency recognized by the
Secretary of
Education.
.
(b)
Other academic
institutions
Section 214(m) of the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1184(m)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
(3) The Secretary of
Homeland Security shall require accreditation of an academic institution
(except for seminaries or other religious institutions) for purposes of section
101(a)(15)(F) if—
(A) that institution
is not already required to be accredited under section 101(a)(15)(F)(i);
and
(B) an appropriate
accrediting agency recognized by the Secretary of Education is able to provide
such accreditation.
(4) The Secretary of
Homeland Security, in the Secretary’s discretion, may waive the accreditation
requirement in paragraph (3) or section 101(a)(15)(F)(i) with respect to an
institution if such institution—
(A) is otherwise in
compliance with the requirements of section 101(a)(15)(F)(i); and
(B) has been a
candidate for accreditation for at least 1 year and continues to progress
toward accreditation by an accrediting agency recognized by the Secretary of
Education.
.
(c)
Effective
date
(1)
In
general
Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made
by this section shall—
(A) take effect on the
date that is 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act; and
(B) apply with respect
to applications for nonimmigrant visas that are filed on or after the effective
date described in subparagraph (A).
(2)
Temporary
exception
During the 3-year period beginning on the effective
date described in paragraph (1)(A), an institution that is newly required to be
accredited under this section may continue to participate in the Student and
Exchange Visitor Program notwithstanding the institution’s lack of
accreditation if the institution—
(A) was certified
under the Student and Exchange Visitor Program on such date;
(B) submitted an
application for accreditation to an accrediting agency recognized by the
Secretary of Education during the 6-month period ending on such date;
and
(C) continues to
progress toward accreditation by such accrediting agency.
411.
Visa
fraud
(a)
Temporary
suspension of SEVIS access
Section 641(d) of the Illegal
Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1372(d))
is amended—
(1) in paragraph
(1)(A), by striking institution,, and inserting
institution,; and
(2) by adding at the
end the following:
(3)
Effect of
reasonable suspicion of fraud
If the Secretary of Homeland
Security has reasonable suspicion that an owner of, or a designated school
official at, an approved institution of higher education, an other approved
educational institution, or a designated exchange visitor program has committed
fraud or attempted to commit fraud relating to any aspect of the Student and
Exchange Visitor Program, the Secretary may immediately suspend, without
notice, such official’s or such school’s access to the Student and Exchange
Visitor Information System (SEVIS), including the ability to issue Form I–20s,
pending a final determination by the Secretary with respect to the
institution’s certification under the Student and Exchange Visitor
Program.
.
(b)
Effect of
conviction for visa fraud
Such section 641(d), as amended by
subsection (a)(2), is further amended by adding at the end the
following:
(4)
Permanent
disqualification for fraud
A designated school official at, or an
owner of, an approved institution of higher education, an other approved
educational institution, or a designated exchange visitor program who is
convicted for fraud relating to any aspect of the Student and Exchange Visitor
Program shall be permanently disqualified from filing future petitions and from
having an ownership interest or a management role, including serving as a
principal, owner, officer, board member, general partner, designated school
official, or any other position of substantive authority for the operations or
management of the institution, in any United States educational institution
that enrolls nonimmigrant alien students described in subparagraph (F) or (M)
of section 101(a)(15) the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1101(a)(15)).
.
412.
Background
checks
(a)
In
general
Section 641(d) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and
Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1372(d)), as amended by section
411(b) of this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
following:
(5)
Background check
requirement
(A)
In
general
An individual may not serve as a designated school
official or be granted access to SEVIS unless the individual is a national of
the United States or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence and
during the most recent 3-year period—
(i) the Secretary of
Homeland Security has—
(I) conducted a
thorough background check on the individual, including a review of the
individual’s criminal and sex offender history and the verification of the
individual’s immigration status; and
(II) determined that
the individual has not been convicted of any violation of United States
immigration law and is not a risk to national security of the United States;
and
(ii) the individual
has successfully completed an on-line training course on SEVP and SEVIS, which
has been developed by the Secretary.
(B)
Interim
designated school official
(i)
In
general
An individual may serve as an interim designated school
official during the period that the Secretary is conducting the background
check required by subparagraph (A)(i)(I).
(ii)
Reviews by the
Secretary
If an individual serving as an interim designated
school official under clause (i) does not successfully complete the background
check required by subparagraph (A)(i)(I), the Secretary shall review each Form
I–20 issued by such interim designated school official.
(6)
Fee
The
Secretary is authorized to collect a fee from an approved school for each
background check conducted under paragraph (6)(A)(i). The amount of such fee
shall be equal to the average amount expended by the Secretary to conducted
such background
checks.
.
(b)
Effective
date
The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect on
the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act.
413.
Flight schools
not certified by FAA
(a)
In
general
Except as provided in subsection (b), the Secretary of
Homeland Security shall prohibit any flight school in the United States from
accessing SEVIS or issuing a Form I–20 to an alien seeking a student visa
pursuant to subparagraph (F)(i) or (M)(i) of section 101(a)(15) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)) if the flight school has
not been certified to the satisfaction of the Secretary and by the Federal
Aviation Administration pursuant to part 141 or part 142 of title 14, Code of
Federal Regulations (or similar successor regulations).
(b)
Temporary
exception
During the 5-year period beginning on the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary may waive the requirement under subsection
(a) that a flight school be certified by the Federal Aviation Administration if
such flight school—
(1) was certified
under the Student and Exchange Visitor Program on the date of the enactment of
this Act;
(2) submitted an
application for certification with the Federal Aviation Administration during
the 1-year period beginning on such date; and
(3) continues to
progress toward certification by the Federal Aviation Administration.
414.
Revocation of
accreditation
At the time an
accrediting agency or association is required to notify the Secretary of
Education and the appropriate State licensing or authorizing agency of the
final denial, withdrawal, suspension, or termination of accreditation of an
institution pursuant to section 496 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
U.S.C. 1099b), such accrediting agency or association shall notify the
Secretary of Homeland Security of such determination and the Secretary of
Homeland Security shall immediately withdraw the school from the SEVP and
prohibit the school from accessing SEVIS.
415.
Report on risk
assessment
Not later than 180
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland
Security shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the
Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report that
contains the risk assessment strategy that will be employed by the Secretary to
identify, investigate, and take appropriate action against schools and school
officials that are facilitating the issuance of Form I–20 and the maintenance
of student visa status in violation of the immigration laws of the United
States.
416.
Implementation
of GAO recommendations
Not
later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this act, the Secretary
of Homeland Security shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the
Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a
report that describes—
(1) the process in
place to identify and assess risks in the SEVP;
(2) a
risk assessment process to allocate SEVP’s resources based on risk;
(3) the procedures in
place for consistently ensuring a school’s eligibility, including consistently
verifying in lieu of letters;
(4) how SEVP
identified and addressed missing school case files;
(5) a
plan to develop and implement a process to monitor state licensing and
accreditation status of all SEVP-certified schools;
(6) whether all flight
schools that have not been certified to the satisfaction of the Secretary and
by the Federal Aviation Administration have been removed from the program and
have been restricted from accessing SEVIS;
(7) the standard
operating procedures that govern coordination among SEVP, Counterterrorism and
Criminal Exploitation Unit, and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement field
offices; and
(8) the established
criteria for referring cases of a potentially criminal nature from SEVP to the
counterterrorism and intelligence community.
417.
Implementation
of SEVIS II
Not later than 2
years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland
Security shall complete the deployment of both phases of the 2nd generation
Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (commonly known as SEVIS
II).
418.
Definitions
(a)
Definitions
For purposes of this title:
(1)
SEVIS
The term SEVIS means the
Student and Exchange Visitor Information System of the Department of Homeland
Security.
(2)
SEVP
The
term SEVP means the Student and Exchange Visitor Program of the
Department of Homeland Security.
V
Aid
to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Officers
501.
ICE immigration
enforcement agents
(a)
In
general
The Secretary of Homeland Security shall authorize all
immigration enforcement agents and deportation officers of the Department of
Homeland Security who have successfully completed basic immigration law
enforcement training to exercise the powers conferred by—
(1) section
287(a)(5)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to arrest for any offense
against the United States;
(2) section
287(a)(5)(B) of such Act to arrest for any felony;
(3) section 274(a) of
such Act to arrest for bringing in, transporting, or harboring certain aliens,
or inducing them to enter;
(4) section 287(a) of
such Act to execute warrants of arrest for administrative immigration
violations issued under section 236 of the Act or to execute warrants of
criminal arrest issued under the authority of the United States; and
(5) section 287(a) of
such Act to carry firearms, provided that they are individually qualified by
training and experience to handle and safely operate the firearms they are
permitted to carry, maintain proficiency in the use of such firearms, and
adhere to the provisions of the enforcement standard governing the use of
force.
(b)
Pay
Immigration
enforcement agents shall be paid on the same scale as Immigration and Customs
Enforcement deportation officers and shall receive the same benefits.
502.
ICE detention
enforcement officers
(a)
Authorization
The Secretary of Homeland Security is
authorized to hire 2,500 Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention
enforcement officers.
(b)
Duties
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
detention enforcement officers who have successfully completed detention
enforcement officers’ basic training shall be responsible for—
(1) taking and
maintaining custody of any person who has been arrested by an immigration
officer;
(2) transporting and
guarding immigration detainees;
(3) securing
Department of Homeland Security detention facilities; and
(4) assisting in the
processing of detainees.
503.
Ensuring the
safety of ICE officers and agents
(a)
Body
armor
The Secretary of Homeland Security shall ensure that every
Immigration and Customs Enforcement deportation officer and immigration
enforcement agent on duty is issued high-quality body armor that is appropriate
for the climate and risks faced by the agent. Enough body armor must be
purchased to cover every agent in the field.
(b)
Weapons
Such
Secretary shall ensure that Immigration and Customs Enforcement deportation
officers and immigration enforcement agents are equipped with weapons that are
reliable and effective to protect themselves, their fellow agents, and innocent
third parties from the threats posed by armed criminals. Such weapons shall
include, at a minimum, standard-issue handguns, M–4 (or equivalent) rifles, and
Tasers.
(c)
Effective
date
This section shall take effect 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act.
504.
ICE Advisory
Council
(a)
Establishment
An
ICE Advisory Council shall be established not later than 3 months after the
date of the enactment of this Act.
(b)
Membership
The
ICE Advisor Council shall be comprised of 7 members.
(c)
Appointment
Members
shall to be appointed in the following manner:
(1) One member shall
be appointed by the President;
(2) One member shall
be appointed by the Chairman of the Judiciary Committee of the House of
Representatives;
(3) One member shall
be appointed by the Chairman of the Judiciary Committee of the Senate;
(4) One member shall
be appointed by the Local 511, the ICE prosecutor’s union; and
(5) Three members
shall be appointed by the National Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Council.
(d)
Term
Members
shall serve renewable, 2-year terms.
(e)
Voluntary
Membership
shall be voluntary and non-remunerated, except that members will receive
reimbursement from the Secretary of Homeland Security for travel and other
related expenses.
(f)
Retaliation
protection
Members who are employed by the Secretary of Homeland
Security shall be protected from retaliation by their supervisors, managers,
and other Department of Homeland Security employees for their participation on
the Council.
(g)
Purpose
The
purpose of the Council is to advise the Congress and the Secretary of Homeland
Security on issues including the following:
(1) The current status
of immigration enforcement efforts, including prosecutions and removals, the
effectiveness of such efforts, and how enforcement could be improved;
(2) The effectiveness
of cooperative efforts between the Secretary of Homeland Security and other law
enforcement agencies, including additional types of enforcement activities that
the Secretary should be engaged in, such as State and local criminal task
forces;
(3) Personnel,
equipment, and other resource needs of field personnel;
(4) Improvements that
should be made to the organizational structure of the Department of Homeland
Security, including whether the position of immigration enforcement agent
should be merged into the deportation officer position; and
(5) The effectiveness
of specific enforcement policies and regulations promulgated by the Secretary
of Homeland Security, and whether other enforcement priorities should be
considered.
(h)
Reports
The
Council shall provide quarterly reports to the Chairmen and Ranking Members of
the Judiciary Committees of the Senate and the House of Representatives and to
the Secretary of Homeland Security. The Council members shall meet directly
with the Chairmen and Ranking Members (or their designated representatives) and
with the Secretary to discuss their reports every 6 months.
505.
Pilot program
for electronic field processing
(a)
In
general
The Secretary of Homeland Security shall establish a
pilot program in at least five of the 10 Immigration and Customs Enforcement
field offices with the largest removal caseloads to allow Immigration and
Customs deportation officers and immigration enforcement agents to—
(1) electronically
process and serve charging documents, including Notices to Appear, while in the
field; and
(2) electronically
process and place detainers while in the field.
(b)
Duties
The
pilot program described in subsection (a) shall be designed to allow
deportation officers and immigration enforcement agents to use handheld or
vehicle-mounted computers to—
(1) enter any required
data, including personal information about the alien subject and the reason for
issuing the document;
(2) apply the
electronic signature of the issuing officer or agent;
(3) set the date the
alien is required to appear before an immigration judge, in the case of Notices
to Appear;
(4) print any
documents the alien subject may be required to sign, along with additional
copies of documents to be served on the alien; and
(5) interface with the
ENFORCE database so that all data is stored and retrievable.
(c)
Construction
The
pilot program described in subsection (a) shall be designed to replace, to the
extent possible, the current paperwork and data-entry process used for issuing
such charging documents and detainers.
(d)
Deadline
The
Secretary shall initiate the pilot program described in subsection (a) within 6
months of the date of enactment of this Act.
(e)
Report
The
Government Accountability Office shall report to the Judiciary Committee of the
Senate and the House of Representatives no later than 18 months after the date
of enactment of this Act on the effectiveness of the pilot program and provide
recommendations for improving it.
(f)
Advisory
Council
The ICE Advisory Council established by section 504 shall
include an recommendations on how the pilot program should work in the first
quarterly report of the Council, and shall include assessments of the program
and recommendations for improvement in each subsequent report.
(g)
Effective
date
This section shall take effect 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act.
506.
Additional ICE
deportation officers and support staff
(a)
In
general
The Secretary of Homeland Security shall, subject to the
availability of appropriations for such purpose, increase the number of
positions for full-time active-duty Immigration and Customs Enforcement
deportation officers by 5,000 above the number of full-time positions for which
funds were appropriated for fiscal year 2013.
(b)
Support
staff
The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of
appropriations for such purpose, increase the number of positions for full-time
support staff for Immigration and Customs Enforcement deportation officers by
700 above the number of full-time positions for which funds were appropriated
for fiscal year 2013.
507.
Additional ICE
prosecutors
The Secretary of
Homeland Security shall increase by 60 the number of full-time trial attorneys
working for the Immigration and Customs Enforcement Office of the Principal
Legal Advisor.
VI
Miscellaneous
Enforcement Provisions
601.
Encouraging
aliens to depart voluntarily
(a)
In
general
Section 240B of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1229c) is amended—
(1) in subsection
(a)—
(A) by amending
paragraph (1) to read as follows:
(1)
Instead of
removal proceedings
If an alien is not described in paragraph
(2)(A)(iii) or (4) of section 237(a), the Secretary of Homeland Security may
permit the alien to voluntarily depart the United States at the alien’s own
expense under this subsection instead of being subject to proceedings under
section
240.
;
(B) by striking
paragraph (3);
(C) by redesignating
paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
(D) by adding after
paragraph (1) the following:
(2)
Before the
conclusion of removal proceedings
If an alien is not described in
paragraph (2)(A)(iii) or (4) of section 237(a), the Attorney General may permit
the alien to voluntarily depart the United States at the alien’s own expense
under this subsection after the initiation of removal proceedings under section
240 and before the conclusion of such proceedings before an immigration
judge.
;
(E) in paragraph (3),
as redesignated—
(i) by
amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:
(A)
Instead of
removal
Subject to subparagraph (C), permission to voluntarily
depart under paragraph (1) shall not be valid for any period in excess of 120
days. The Secretary may require an alien permitted to voluntarily depart under
paragraph (1) to post a voluntary departure bond, to be surrendered upon proof
that the alien has departed the United States within the time
specified.
;
(ii) by
redesignating subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) as paragraphs (C), (D), and (E),
respectively;
(iii) by
adding after subparagraph (A) the following:
(B)
Before the
conclusion of removal proceedings
Permission to voluntarily
depart under paragraph (2) shall not be valid for any period in excess of 60
days, and may be granted only after a finding that the alien has the means to
depart the United States and intends to do so. An alien permitted to
voluntarily depart under paragraph (2) shall post a voluntary departure bond,
in an amount necessary to ensure that the alien will depart, to be surrendered
upon proof that the alien has departed the United States within the time
specified. An immigration judge may waive the requirement to post a voluntary
departure bond in individual cases upon a finding that the alien has presented
compelling evidence that the posting of a bond will pose a serious financial
hardship and the alien has presented credible evidence that such a bond is
unnecessary to guarantee timely
departure.
;
(iv) in
subparagraph (C), as redesignated, by striking subparagraphs (C)
and(D)(ii) and inserting subparagraphs (D) and
(E)(ii);
(v) in
subparagraph (D), as redesignated, by striking subparagraph (B)
each place that term appears and inserting subparagraph (C);
and
(vi) in
subparagraph (E), as redesignated, by striking subparagraph (B)
each place that term appears and inserting subparagraph (C);
and
(F) in paragraph (4),
by striking paragraph (1) and inserting paragraphs (1)
and (2);
(2) in subsection
(b)(2), by striking a period exceeding 60 days and inserting
any period in excess of 45 days;
(3) by amending
subsection (c) to read as follows:
(c)
Conditions on
voluntary departure
(1)
Voluntary
departure agreement
Voluntary departure may only be granted as
part of an affirmative agreement by the alien. A voluntary departure agreement
under subsection (b) shall include a waiver of the right to any further motion,
appeal, application, petition, or petition for review relating to removal or
relief or protection from removal.
(2)
Concessions by
the secretary
In connection with the alien’s agreement to depart
voluntarily under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Homeland Security may agree
to a reduction in the period of inadmissibility under subparagraph (A) or
(B)(i) of section 212(a)(9).
(3)
Advisals
Agreements
relating to voluntary departure granted during removal proceedings under
section 240, or at the conclusion of such proceedings, shall be presented on
the record before the immigration judge. The immigration judge shall advise the
alien of the consequences of a voluntary departure agreement before accepting
such agreement.
(4)
Failure to
comply with agreement
(A)
In
general
If an alien agrees to voluntary departure under this
section and fails to depart the United States within the time allowed for
voluntary departure or fails to comply with any other terms of the agreement
(including failure to timely post any required bond), the alien is—
(i) ineligible for the
benefits of the agreement;
(ii) subject to the
penalties described in subsection (d); and
(iii) subject to an
alternate order of removal if voluntary departure was granted under subsection
(a)(2) or (b).
(B)
Effect of filing
timely Appeal
If, after agreeing to voluntary departure, the
alien files a timely appeal of the immigration judge’s decision granting
voluntary departure, the alien may pursue the appeal instead of the voluntary
departure agreement. Such appeal operates to void the alien’s voluntary
departure agreement and the consequences of such agreement, but precludes the
alien from another grant of voluntary departure while the alien remains in the
United States.
(5)
Voluntary
departure period not affected
Except as expressly agreed to by
the Secretary in writing in the exercise of the Secretary’s discretion before
the expiration of the period allowed for voluntary departure, no motion,
appeal, application, petition, or petition for review shall affect, reinstate,
enjoin, delay, stay, or toll the alien’s obligation to depart from the United
States during the period agreed to by the alien and the
Secretary.
;
(4) by amending
subsection (d) to read as follows:
(d)
Penalties for
failure To depart
If an alien is permitted to voluntarily depart
under this section and fails to voluntarily depart from the United States
within the time period specified or otherwise violates the terms of a voluntary
departure agreement, the alien will be subject to the following
penalties:
(1)
Civil
penalty
The alien shall be liable for a civil penalty of $3,000.
The order allowing voluntary departure shall specify the amount of the penalty,
which shall be acknowledged by the alien on the record. If the Secretary
thereafter establishes that the alien failed to depart voluntarily within the
time allowed, no further procedure will be necessary to establish the amount of
the penalty, and the Secretary may collect the civil penalty at any time
thereafter and by whatever means provided by law. An alien will be ineligible
for any benefits under this chapter until this civil penalty is paid.
(2)
Ineligibility
for relief
The alien shall be ineligible during the time the
alien remains in the United States and for a period of 10 years after the
alien’s departure for any further relief under this section and sections 240A,
245, 248, and 249. The order permitting the alien to depart voluntarily shall
inform the alien of the penalties under this subsection.
(3)
Reopening
The
alien shall be ineligible to reopen the final order of removal that took effect
upon the alien’s failure to depart, or upon the alien’s other violations of the
conditions for voluntary departure, during the period described in paragraph
(2). This paragraph does not preclude a motion to reopen to seek withholding of
removal under section 241(b)(3) or protection against torture, if the
motion—
(A) presents material
evidence of changed country conditions arising after the date of the order
granting voluntary departure in the country to which the alien would be
removed; and
(B) makes a sufficient
showing to the satisfaction of the Attorney General that the alien is otherwise
eligible for such
protection.
;
(5) by amending
subsection (e) to read as follows:
(e)
Eligibility
(1)
Prior grant of
voluntary departure
An alien shall not be permitted to
voluntarily depart under this section if the Secretary of Homeland Security or
the Attorney General previously permitted the alien to depart
voluntarily.
(2)
Rulemaking
The
Secretary may promulgate regulations to limit eligibility or impose additional
conditions for voluntary departure under subsection (a)(1) for any class of
aliens. The Secretary or Attorney General may by regulation limit eligibility
or impose additional conditions for voluntary departure under subsections
(a)(2) or (b) of this section for any class or classes of
aliens.
;
and
(6) in subsection (f),
by adding at the end the following: Notwithstanding section 242(a)(2)(D)
of this Act, sections 1361, 1651, and 2241 of title 28, United States Code, any
other habeas corpus provision, and any other provision of law (statutory or
nonstatutory), no court shall have jurisdiction to affect, reinstate, enjoin,
delay, stay, or toll the period allowed for voluntary departure under this
section..
(b)
Rulemaking
The
Secretary shall within one year of the date of enactment of this Act promulgate
regulations to provide for the imposition and collection of penalties for
failure to depart under section 240B(d) of the Immigration and Nationality Act
(8 U.S.C. 1229c(d)).
(c)
Effective
dates
(1)
In
general
Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made
by this section shall apply with respect to all orders granting voluntary
departure under section 240B of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1229c) made on or after the date that is 180 days after the enactment of this
Act.
(2)
Exception
The
amendment made by subsection (a)(6) shall take effect on the date of the
enactment of this Act and shall apply with respect to any petition for review
which is filed on or after such date.
602.
Deterring
aliens ordered removed from remaining in the United States unlawfully
(a)
Inadmissible
aliens
Section 212(a)(9)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(9)(A)) is amended—
(1) in clause (i), by
striking seeks admission within 5 years of the date of such removal (or
within 20 years and inserting seeks admission not later than 5
years after the date of the alien’s removal (or not later than 20 years after
the alien’s removal; and
(2) in clause (ii), by
striking seeks admission within 10 years of the date of such alien’s
departure or removal (or within 20 years of and inserting seeks
admission not later than 10 years after the date of the alien’s departure or
removal (or not later than 20 years after.
(b)
Bar on
discretionary relief
Section 274D of such Act (8 U.S.C. 324d) is
amended—
(1) in subsection (a),
by striking Commissioner and inserting Secretary of
Homeland Security; and
(2) by adding at the
end the following:
(c)
Ineligibility
for relief
(1)
In
general
Unless a timely motion to reopen is granted under section
240(c)(6), an alien described in subsection (a) shall be ineligible for any
discretionary relief from removal (including cancellation of removal and
adjustment of status) during the time the alien remains in the United States
and for a period of 10 years after the alien’s departure from the United
States.
(2)
Savings
provision
Nothing in paragraph (1) shall preclude a motion to
reopen to seek withholding of removal under section 241(b)(3) or protection
against torture, if the motion—
(A) presents material
evidence of changed country conditions arising after the date of the final
order of removal in the country to which the alien would be removed; and
(B) makes a sufficient
showing to the satisfaction of the Attorney General that the alien is otherwise
eligible for such
protection.
.
(c)
Effective
dates
The amendments made by this section shall take effect on
the date of the enactment of this Act with respect to aliens who are subject to
a final order of removal entered before, on, or after such date.
603.
Reinstatement
of removal orders
(a)
In
general
Section 241(a)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act
(8 U.S.C. 1231(a)(5)) is amended to read as follows:
(5)
Reinstatement of
removal orders against aliens illegally reentering
If the
Secretary of Homeland Security finds that an alien has entered the United
States illegally after having been removed, deported, or excluded or having
departed voluntarily, under an order of removal, deportation, or exclusion,
regardless of the date of the original order or the date of the illegal
entry—
(A) the order of
removal, deportation, or exclusion is reinstated from its original date and is
not subject to being reopened or reviewed notwithstanding section
242(a)(2)(D);
(B) the alien is not
eligible and may not apply for any relief under this Act, regardless of the
date that an application or request for such relief may have been filed or
made; and
(C) the alien shall be
removed under the order of removal, deportation, or exclusion at any time after
the illegal entry.
Reinstatement under this paragraph
shall not require proceedings under section 240 or other proceedings before an
immigration
judge
.
(b)
Judicial
review
Section 242 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1252) is amended by adding at the end the following:
(h)
Judicial review
of reinstatement under section
241(a)(5)
(1)
Review of
reinstatement
Judicial review of determinations under section
241(a)(5) is available in an action under subsection (a).
(2)
No review of
original order
Notwithstanding any other provision of law
(statutory or nonstatutory), including section 2241 of title 28, United States
Code, any other habeas corpus provision, or sections 1361 and 1651 of such
title, no court shall have jurisdiction to review any cause or claim, arising
from, or relating to, any challenge to the original
order.
.
(c)
Effective
date
The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) shall take
effect as if enacted on April 1, 1997, and shall apply to all orders reinstated
or after that date by the Secretary of Homeland Security (or by the Attorney
General prior to March 1, 2003), regardless of the date of the original
order.
604.
Clarification
with respect to definition of admission
Section 101(a)(13)(A) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(13)(A)) is amended by adding at the end the
following: An alien’s adjustment of status to that of lawful permanent
resident status under any provision of this Act, or under any other provision
of law, shall be considered an admission for any purpose under
this Act, even if the adjustment of status occurred while the alien was present
in the United States..
605.
Reports to
Congress on the exercise and abuse of prosecutorial discretion
(a)
In
general
Not later than 180
days after the end of each fiscal year, the Secretary of Homeland Security and
the Attorney General shall each provide to the Committees on the Judiciary of
the House of Representatives and of the Senate a report on the
following:
(1) Aliens apprehended
or arrested by State or local law enforcement agencies who were identified by
the Department of Homeland Security in the previous fiscal year and for whom
the Department of Homeland Security did not issue detainers and did not take
into custody despite the Department of Homeland Security’s findings that the
aliens were inadmissible or deportable.
(2) Aliens who were
applicants for admission in the previous fiscal year but not clearly and beyond
a doubt entitled to be admitted by an immigration officer and who were not
detained as required pursuant to section 235(b)(2)(A) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1225(b)(2)(A)).
(3) Aliens who in the
previous fiscal year were found by Department of Homeland Security officials
performing duties related to the adjudication of applications for immigration
benefits or the enforcement of the immigration laws to be inadmissible or
deportable who were not issued notices to appear pursuant to section 239 of
such Act (8 U.S.C. 1229) or placed into removal proceedings pursuant to section
240 (8 U.S.C. 1229a), unless the aliens were placed into expedited removal
proceedings pursuant to section 235(b)(1)(A)(i) (8 U.S.C. 1225(b)(1)(A)(5)) or
section 238 (8 U.S.C. 1228), were granted voluntary departure pursuant to
section 240B, were granted relief from removal pursuant to statute, were
granted legal nonimmigrant or immigrant status pursuant to statute, or were
determined not to be inadmissible or deportable.
(4) Aliens issued
notices to appear that were cancelled in the previous fiscal year despite the
Department of Homeland Security’s findings that the aliens were inadmissible or
deportable, unless the aliens were granted relief from removal pursuant to
statute, were granted voluntary departure pursuant to section 240B of such Act
(8 U.S.C. 1229c), or were granted legal nonimmigrant or immigrant status
pursuant to statute.
(5) Aliens who were
placed into removal proceedings, whose removal proceedings were terminated in
the previous fiscal year prior to their conclusion, unless the aliens were
granted relief from removal pursuant to statute, were granted voluntary
departure pursuant to section 240B, were granted legal nonimmigrant or
immigrant status pursuant to statute, or were determined not to be inadmissible
or deportable.
(6) Aliens granted
parole pursuant to section 212(d)(5)(A) of such Act (8 U.S.C.
1182(d)(5)(A)).
(7) Aliens granted deferred action, extended
voluntary departure or any other type of relief from removal not specified in
the Immigration and Nationality Act or where determined not to be inadmissible
or deportable.
(b)
Contents of
report
The report shall
include a listing of each alien described in each paragraph of subsection (a),
including when in the possession of the Department of Homeland Security their
names, fingerprint identification numbers, alien registration numbers, and
reason why each was granted the type of prosecutorial discretion received. The
report shall also include current criminal histories on each alien from the
Federal Bureau of Investigation.
606.
Waiver of Federal
laws with respect to border security actions on Department of the Interior and
Department of Agriculture lands
(a)
Prohibition on
Secretaries of the Interior and Agriculture
The Secretary of the Interior or the
Secretary of Agriculture shall not impede, prohibit, or restrict activities of
U.S. Customs and Border Protection on Federal land located within 100 miles of
an international land border that is under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of
the Interior or the Secretary of Agriculture, to execute search and rescue
operations and to prevent all unlawful entries into the United States,
including entries by terrorists, other unlawful aliens, instruments of
terrorism, narcotics, and other contraband through the international land
borders of the United States.
(b)
Authorized
activities of U.S. Customs and Border Protection
U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall
have immediate access to Federal land within 100 miles of the international
land border under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior or the
Secretary of Agriculture for purposes of conducting the following activities on
such land that prevent all unlawful entries into the United States, including
entries by terrorists, other unlawful aliens, instruments of terrorism,
narcotics, and other contraband through the international land borders of the
United States:
(1) Construction and
maintenance of roads.
(2) Construction and
maintenance of barriers.
(3) Use of vehicles to
patrol, apprehend, or rescue.
(4) Installation,
maintenance, and operation of communications and surveillance equipment and
sensors.
(5) Deployment of
temporary tactical infrastructure.
(c)
Clarification
relating to waiver authority
(1)
In
general
Notwithstanding any other provision of law (including any
termination date relating to the waiver referred to in this subsection), the
waiver by the Secretary of Homeland Security on April 1, 2008, under section
102(c)(1) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of
1996 (8 U.S.C. 1103 note; Public Law 104–208) of the laws described in
paragraph (2) with respect to certain sections of the international border
between the United States and Mexico and between the United States and Canada
shall be considered to apply to all Federal land under the jurisdiction of the
Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of Agriculture within 100 miles of
the international land borders of the United States for the activities of U.S.
Customs and Border Protection described in subsection (c).
(2)
Description of
laws waived
The laws referred to in paragraph (1) are limited to
the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.), the National Environmental Policy
Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16
U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470 et
seq.), Public Law 86–523 (16 U.S.C. 469 et seq.), the Act of June 8, 1906
(commonly known as the Antiquities Act of 1906; 16 U.S.C. 431 et
seq.), the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (16 U.S.C. 1271 et seq.), the Federal
Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National
Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 668dd et seq.),
the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a et seq.), the Fish and
Wildlife Coordination Act (16 U.S.C. 661 et seq.), subchapter II of chapter 5,
and chapter 7, of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the
Administrative Procedure Act), the National Park Service Organic
Act (16 U.S.C. 1 et seq.), the General Authorities Act of 1970 (Public Law
91–383) (16 U.S.C. 1a–1 et seq.), sections 401(7), 403, and 404 of the National
Parks and Recreation Act of 1978 (Public Law 95–625, 92 Stat. 3467), and the
Arizona Desert Wilderness Act of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; Public Law
101–628).
(d)
Protection of
legal uses
This section shall not be construed to provide—
(1) authority to
restrict legal uses, such as grazing, hunting, mining, or public-use
recreational and backcountry airstrips on land under the jurisdiction of the
Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of Agriculture; or
(2) any additional
authority to restrict legal access to such land.
(e)
Effect on State
and private land
This Act shall—
(1) have no force or
effect on State or private lands; and
(2) not provide
authority on or access to State or private lands.
(f)
Tribal
sovereignty
Nothing in this section supersedes, replaces,
negates, or diminishes treaties or other agreements between the United States
and Indian tribes.
(g)
Report
Not later than 1 year after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of Homeland
Security shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
describing the extent to which implementation of this section has affected the
operations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the year preceding the
report.