Skip to content

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 288, July 9, 1881 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 288, July 9, 1881 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

267,686 braille cells · 283 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,020 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠙⠗⠲⠀⠠⠠⠉⠓⠁⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠲⠀⠠⠠⠙⠕⠗⠑⠍⠥⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠗⠊⠎⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠇⠑⠏⠓⠁⠝⠞⠄⠎⠀⠍⠊⠇⠅⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠑⠝⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠍⠁⠍⠍⠁⠇⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠗⠊⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠍⠁⠊⠵⠑⠂
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠃⠁⠗⠇⠑⠽⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠚⠲⠀⠠⠠⠎⠞⠑⠊⠝⠑⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠏⠑⠞⠗⠕⠇⠑⠥⠍⠀⠠⠕⠊⠇⠎⠲⠀⠠⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠁⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠉⠗⠥⠙⠑⠀⠏⠑⠞⠗⠕⠇⠑⠥⠍⠲⠀⠠⠋⠊⠗⠑⠀⠗⠊⠎⠅⠎⠀
⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠏⠑⠞⠗⠕⠇⠑⠥⠍⠀⠕⠊⠇⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠠⠏⠑⠞⠗⠕⠇⠑⠥⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠁⠥⠉⠁⠎⠥⠎⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠏⠲⠀
⠠⠠⠎⠉⠓⠥⠇⠵⠑⠝⠃⠑⠗⠛⠑⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠝⠲⠀⠠⠠⠞⠕⠝⠊⠝⠑⠀⠀
⠠⠝⠕⠞⠑⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠝⠛⠁⠀⠠⠕⠊⠇⠲⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠁⠝⠛⠤⠠⠊⠇⠁⠝⠛⠀⠠⠕⠊⠇⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠋⠲⠀⠠⠁⠲⠀
⠠⠠⠋⠇⠠⠠⠉⠅⠊⠛⠑⠗⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠋⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠑⠁⠋⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠝⠛⠁⠀⠕⠙⠕⠗⠁⠞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠊⠁⠝⠀⠠⠞⠥⠗⠏⠑⠝⠞⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠞⠗⠑⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠠⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠎⠀⠠⠊⠞⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠙⠗⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠎⠞⠊⠑⠏⠕⠺⠊⠉⠓⠲⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠉⠓⠊⠕⠎⠂⠀⠠⠞⠥⠗⠅⠑⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠧⠕⠇⠥⠍⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠠⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠊⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠛⠁⠇⠧⠁⠝⠊⠉⠀⠠⠙⠑⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠠⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠍⠲⠀⠠⠑⠲⠀⠠⠠⠃⠕⠥⠞⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠎⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠗⠊⠉⠑⠀⠠⠎⠕⠊⠇⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠃⠥⠗⠍⠁⠓⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠗⠲⠀⠠⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝⠊⠉⠂⠀⠠⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠑⠭⠁⠍⠊⠝⠑⠗⠂⠀⠠⠃⠗⠊⠞⠊⠎⠓⠀⠠⠃⠥⠗⠍⠁⠓⠀⠀⠠⠠⠊⠊⠊⠲⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.