Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / The principles of science / Braille

The principles of science ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

1,845,792 braille cells · 1,953 embossed pages at 40×25 · 7,065 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠠⠊⠝⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠃⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠲⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠃⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠲⠀⠠⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠁⠲⠀⠠⠙⠊⠎⠉⠗⠊⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠞⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠀⠠⠠⠭⠊⠊⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠠⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠠⠠⠕⠗⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠀⠠⠠⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠠⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀
⠕⠗⠀⠠⠊⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠀⠠⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠽⠀
⠼⠃⠙⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠲⠀⠠⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠊⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑
⠀⠠⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠙⠃
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠲⠀⠠⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠠⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠊⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠀⠠⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠙⠙⠀⠀
⠼⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠠⠁⠎⠞⠗⠕⠝⠕⠍⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠙⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠠⠊⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠋⠲⠀⠠⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠊⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠑⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠛⠲⠀⠠⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠠⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠊⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠑⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠓⠲⠀⠠⠗⠥⠇⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠊⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠀
⠠⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠑⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠲⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠞⠥⠊⠞⠕⠥⠎⠀⠠⠉⠕⠊⠝⠉⠊⠙⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.