Library / How To / The whys and wherefores of navigation / Braille
The whys and wherefores of navigation ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
262,734 braille cells · 275 embossed pages at 40×25 · 477 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠀⠀⠁⠞⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠧⠑⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀⠠⠑⠟⠥⠊⠝⠕⠭⠀⠶⠠⠍⠁⠗⠉⠓⠀⠼⠃⠁⠎⠞⠶⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀ ⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠧⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠑⠎⠞⠺⠁⠗⠙⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠠⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠠⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠁⠗⠊⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠁⠲⠀⠀ ⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠀⠠⠁⠲⠠⠙⠲⠀⠼⠁⠃⠑⠚⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀ ⠎⠕⠇⠎⠞⠊⠉⠑⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠙⠀⠁⠞⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠓⠑⠇⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠀⠼⠋⠙⠚⠚⠀⠠⠁⠲⠠⠙⠲⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠑⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀⠑⠟⠥⠊⠝⠕⠭ ⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠕⠗⠃⠊⠞⠲ ⠀⠠⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀ ⠊⠝⠉⠇⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀ ⠏⠑⠗⠊⠓⠑⠇⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠗⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑ ⠀⠇⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠊⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀ ⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠙⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠼⠊⠚⠀⠃⠁⠉⠅⠺⠁⠗⠙⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠄⠎⠀⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀ ⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠏⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠶⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀ ⠧⠑⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀⠑⠟⠥⠊⠝⠕⠭⠶⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀ ⠏⠑⠗⠊⠓⠑⠇⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠑⠁⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀ ⠺⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠃⠑⠚⠀⠠⠁⠲⠠⠙⠲⠀⠠⠎⠊⠝⠉⠑⠀⠼⠁⠃⠑⠚⠀ ⠠⠁⠲⠠⠙⠲⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠊⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠀⠀ ⠑⠟⠥⠊⠧⠁⠇⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠼⠁⠁⠀⠙⠁⠽⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑ ⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠓⠑⠇⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠀⠠⠚⠁⠝⠥⠁⠗⠽⠀ ⠼⠁⠎⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠇⠎⠞⠊⠉⠑⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀ ⠠⠙⠑⠉⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠼⠃⠁⠎⠞⠂⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀ ⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠎⠊⠞⠥⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠂⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.