Library / How To / The whys and wherefores of navigation / Braille
The whys and wherefores of navigation ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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262,734 braille cells · 275 embossed pages at 40×25 · 477 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠇⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠎⠏⠓⠑⠗⠑⠂⠀⠀⠏⠑⠝⠑⠞⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠁⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠀⠏⠑⠗⠏⠑⠝⠙⠊⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠑⠀ ⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠂⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠇⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠙⠊⠁⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠑⠗⠏⠑⠝⠙⠊⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠞⠕⠗⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠀⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠀⠀⠁⠞⠀ ⠁⠝⠽⠀⠏⠕⠇⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠇⠑ ⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠎⠥⠃⠞⠑⠝⠙⠎⠀⠊⠞⠲⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀ ⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠇⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀ ⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠞⠕⠗⠆⠀⠀⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠵⠑⠝⠊⠞⠓⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠕⠗⠊⠵⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎ ⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠊⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠀⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠑⠙⠂⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠉⠓⠑⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠇⠑⠎⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠇⠁⠽⠊⠝⠛ ⠀⠕⠋⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠑⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀ ⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠛⠝⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠥⠇⠋⠊⠇⠀⠁⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀ ⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠀ ⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠎⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠎⠀⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀ ⠊⠍⠁⠛⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠎⠏⠕⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀ ⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠏⠇⠥⠍⠃⠤⠇⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀ ⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠑⠝⠎⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠓⠑⠁⠙⠂⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀ ⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠵⠑⠝⠊⠞⠓⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠑⠇⠑⠎⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.