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The history of steam navigation ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

512,929 braille cells · 537 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,452 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠙⠁⠽⠎⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠴⠀⠕⠝⠀⠃⠕⠜⠙⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠌⠑⠁⠍⠻⠀⠞⠀⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀
⠠⠎⠁⠍⠥⠑⠇⠀⠀⠠⠉⠥⠝⠜⠙⠀⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠫⠀⠮⠀⠠⠁⠞⠇⠁⠝⠞⠊⠉⠂⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀
⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠷⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠬⠀⠠⠃⠗⠊⠞⠊⠩⠀⠀⠉⠁⠏⠊⠞⠁⠇⠊⠌⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀⠥⠏⠀⠦⠀⠎⠡⠑⠍⠑⠀⠷⠀⠍⠁⠊⠇⠀⠌⠑⠁⠍⠻⠎⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠢⠀
⠠⠇⠊⠧⠻⠏⠕⠕⠇⠂⠀⠀⠠⠓⠁⠇⠊⠋⠁⠭⠀⠯⠀⠠⠃⠕⠌⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠋⠞⠻⠀
⠍⠁⠅⠬⠀⠁⠀⠋⠑⠺⠀⠧⠕⠽⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠯⠀⠋⠀⠠⠇⠊⠧⠻⠏⠕⠕⠇⠀⠯⠀
⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠂⠀⠮⠀⠀⠠⠠⠇⠊⠧⠻⠏⠕⠕⠇⠀⠴⠀⠇⠢⠛⠮⠝⠫⠂⠀⠓⠻⠀
⠉⠁⠏⠁⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠼⠉⠊⠉⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠀⠯⠀
⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠐⠞⠀⠓⠻⠀⠐⠝⠀⠴⠀⠡⠁⠝⠛⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠠⠠⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀
⠠⠠⠇⠊⠧⠻⠏⠕⠕⠇⠲⠀⠠⠓⠻⠀⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠕⠺⠝⠻⠎⠂⠀⠮⠀⠠⠏⠲⠀⠯⠀⠠⠕⠲⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠲⠂⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠫⠀⠓⠻⠀⠔⠀⠸⠮⠀⠍⠁⠊⠇⠀⠎⠻⠧⠊⠉⠑⠀⠀
⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠢⠀⠠⠎⠳⠹⠁⠍⠏⠞⠕⠝⠀⠯⠀⠠⠁⠇⠑⠭⠯⠗⠊⠁⠲⠀⠠⠓⠻⠀⠉⠜⠑⠻⠀
⠵⠀⠁⠀⠠⠗⠕⠽⠁⠇⠀⠠⠍⠁⠊⠇⠀⠀⠌⠑⠁⠍⠻⠀⠴⠀⠁⠀⠩⠕⠗⠞⠀⠐⠕⠂⠀⠵⠀
⠩⠑⠀⠴⠀⠇⠕⠌⠀⠷⠋⠀⠠⠉⠁⠏⠑⠀⠠⠋⠔⠊⠌⠻⠗⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠀⠼⠙⠹⠀
⠠⠋⠑⠃⠗⠥⠜⠽⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠙⠋⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠙⠊⠎⠁⠌⠻
⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠠⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠁⠞⠇⠁⠝⠞⠊⠉⠀⠌⠑⠁⠍⠩⠊⠏⠀⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠀⠀
⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠗⠫⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠎⠏⠗⠬⠀⠷⠀⠼⠁⠓⠙⠁⠲⠀⠠⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠼⠁⠃⠹⠀
⠠⠍⠜⠡⠀⠷⠀⠞⠀⠽⠑⠜⠂⠀⠮⠀⠀⠌⠑⠁⠍⠩⠊⠏⠀⠠⠠⠏⠗⠑⠎⠊⠙⠢⠞⠀
⠎⠁⠊⠇⠫⠀⠋⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠂⠀⠃⠳⠝⠙⠀⠿⠀⠠⠇⠊⠧⠻⠏⠕⠕⠇⠂⠀⠾⠀
⠁⠀⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠀⠇⠊⠌⠀⠷⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠢⠛⠻⠎⠲⠀⠠⠩⠑⠀⠴⠀⠁⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠌⠑⠁⠍⠻⠂⠀⠓⠁⠧⠬⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠇⠁⠥⠝⠡⠫⠀⠀⠋⠊⠋⠞⠑⠢⠀⠍⠕⠝⠹⠎⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠧⠊⠳⠎⠇⠽⠀⠶⠼⠛⠹⠀⠠⠙⠑⠉⠑⠍⠃⠻⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠉⠊⠶⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠠⠍⠑⠎⠎⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠉⠥⠗⠇⠬⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⠽⠀⠿⠀⠁⠉⠉⠳⠝⠞⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠠⠃⠗⠊⠞⠊⠩⠀⠯⠀⠠⠁⠍⠻⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠠⠌⠑⠁⠍⠀⠠⠝⠁⠧⠊⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠲⠂⠀⠀⠷⠀⠠⠃⠗⠊⠌⠕⠇⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠠⠠⠏⠗⠑⠎⠊⠙⠢⠞⠀⠴⠀⠐⠕⠀⠷⠀⠮

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.