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The history of steam navigation ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

512,929 braille cells · 537 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,452 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠠⠉⠕⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠞⠲⠀⠀⠠⠚⠲⠀
⠠⠠⠃⠗⠕⠉⠅⠇⠑⠃⠁⠝⠅⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠛⠲⠀⠀⠠⠚⠲
⠀⠠⠠⠃⠥⠗⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠗⠲⠀⠠⠠⠃⠥⠗⠞⠕⠝⠀
⠠⠠⠎⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠙⠊⠁⠝⠀
⠠⠠⠏⠁⠉⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠠⠠⠗⠁⠊⠇⠺⠁⠽⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠁⠽⠵⠻⠂⠀⠠⠠⠊⠗⠧⠔⠑⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒
⠀⠠⠠⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠠⠠⠷⠀⠠⠠⠙⠥⠃⠇⠔⠀⠠⠠⠌⠑⠁⠍⠏⠁⠉⠅⠑⠞⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠗⠅⠀⠠⠠⠌⠑⠁⠍⠩⠊⠏⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠉⠥⠝⠜⠙⠀⠠⠠⠇⠔⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠙⠕⠝⠁⠇⠙⠀⠠⠠⠉⠥⠗⠗⠊⠑⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠑⠇⠙⠻⠂⠀⠠⠠⠙⠑⠍⠏⠌⠻⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠲⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠚⠲⠀⠠⠗⠲⠀⠠⠠⠑⠇⠇⠻⠍⠁⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠋⠇⠑⠞⠡⠻⠂⠀⠠⠠⠺⠕⠕⠙⠓⠊⠇⠇⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠕⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠛⠗⠑⠢⠕⠉⠅⠀⠠⠠⠩⠊⠏⠏⠬
⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠞⠲⠀⠀⠠⠚⠲⠀
⠠⠠⠓⠜⠗⠊⠎⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠁⠇⠋⠗⠫⠀
⠠⠠⠓⠕⠇⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠎⠁⠍⠥⠑⠇⠀
⠠⠠⠓⠳⠛⠓⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠓⠳⠇⠙⠻⠀⠠⠠⠃⠗⠕⠎⠲
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠙⠥⠗⠬⠀⠮⠀⠑⠜⠇⠽⠀⠐⠏⠀⠷⠀⠓⠻⠀⠧⠕⠽⠁⠛⠑⠀⠺⠑⠌⠺⠜⠙⠎⠂
⠀⠮⠀⠠⠠⠎⠊⠗⠊⠥⠎⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠢⠉⠫⠀⠀⠌⠗⠕⠝⠛⠀⠓⠑⠁⠙⠀⠺⠔⠙⠎⠂⠀
⠙⠥⠗⠬⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠩⠑⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠌⠑⠁⠍⠫⠀⠼⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠼⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠞⠎⠀⠏⠻
⠀⠀⠓⠳⠗⠲⠀⠠⠙⠥⠗⠬⠀⠮⠀⠇⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠮⠀⠺⠑⠁⠮⠗⠀⠴⠀
⠋⠁⠧⠳⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠩⠑⠀⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀
⠁⠧⠻⠁⠛⠬⠀⠼⠊⠀⠅⠝⠕⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠩⠑⠀⠎⠁⠊⠇⠫⠀⠋⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠀
⠵⠀⠁⠙⠧⠻⠞⠊⠎⠫⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠼⠁⠌⠀⠷⠀⠠⠍⠁⠽⠂⠀⠯⠀⠗⠑⠁⠡⠫⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.