Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / The history of steam navigation / Braille

The history of steam navigation ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

512,929 braille cells · 537 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,452 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠍⠕⠙⠑⠌⠀⠞⠺⠕⠤⠯⠤⠁⠤⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠏⠻⠀⠉⠢⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠔⠀⠼⠁⠓⠑⠚⠂⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠬⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠔⠫⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠭⠞⠢⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠛⠕⠧⠻⠝⠍⠢⠞⠀
⠠⠏⠕⠌⠁⠇⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠂⠀⠮⠀⠠⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠕⠗⠙⠻⠫⠀⠋⠳⠗
⠀⠌⠑⠁⠍⠻⠎⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠞⠕⠞⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠌⠀⠷⠀⠀⠼⠁⠙⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠲⠀⠠⠘⠮
⠀⠌⠑⠁⠍⠻⠎⠀⠶⠀⠝⠁⠍⠫⠀⠮⠀⠠⠠⠇⠊⠍⠁⠂⠀⠠⠠⠎⠁⠝⠞⠊⠁⠛⠕⠂⠀
⠠⠠⠟⠥⠊⠞⠕⠀⠯⠀⠀⠠⠠⠃⠕⠛⠕⠞⠁⠂⠀⠯⠀⠶⠀⠑⠁⠡⠀⠷⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀
⠼⠁⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠀⠛⠗⠕⠎⠎⠀⠯⠀⠼⠉⠚⠚⠀⠓⠕⠗⠎⠑⠤⠏⠪⠻⠀⠀
⠝⠕⠍⠔⠁⠇⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠔⠀⠼⠁⠓⠑⠋⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠄⠎⠀⠎⠻⠧⠊⠉⠑⠀⠴
⠀⠗⠑⠤⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠎⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠚⠂⠀⠱⠕⠀⠀⠧⠊⠎⠊⠞⠫⠀⠮⠀
⠠⠺⠑⠌⠀⠠⠉⠕⠁⠌⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠿⠀⠞⠀⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠲⠀⠠⠙⠥⠗⠬⠀
⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠀⠽⠑⠜⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠳⠝⠙⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠀⠷⠀⠑⠝⠛⠔⠑⠎⠀⠴⠀
⠁⠙⠕⠏⠞⠫⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠄⠎⠀⠀⠌⠑⠁⠍⠻⠎⠂⠀⠮⠀⠠⠏⠁⠉⠊⠋⠊⠉
⠀⠠⠌⠑⠁⠍⠀⠠⠝⠁⠧⠊⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀⠹⠥⠎⠀⠐⠕⠀⠷
⠀⠮⠀⠀⠑⠜⠇⠊⠑⠌⠀⠕⠉⠑⠁⠝⠀⠌⠑⠁⠍⠩⠊⠏⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠊⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠥⠎⠑⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠀⠷⠀⠑⠝⠛⠔⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠑⠍⠢⠞⠁⠇⠀
⠡⠜⠞⠻⠀⠴⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠔⠫⠀⠔⠀⠼⠁⠓⠋⠑⠂⠀⠑⠭⠞⠢⠙⠬⠀⠮⠀
⠕⠏⠻⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠂⠀⠯⠀⠁⠥⠹⠕⠗⠊⠎⠬⠀
⠌⠑⠁⠍⠩⠊⠏⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠝⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠢⠀⠮⠀⠀⠠⠺⠑⠌⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠁⠌⠀⠷⠀⠠⠎⠳⠹⠀⠠⠁⠍⠻⠊⠉⠁⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠠⠗⠊⠧⠻⠀⠠⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀
⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠠⠑⠁⠌⠀⠠⠉⠕⠁⠌⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠵⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠷⠊⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠀⠸⠓⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠌⠑⠁⠙⠊⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠬⠀⠿⠀⠁⠀⠀
⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠀⠷⠀⠽⠑⠜⠎⠀⠏⠗⠊⠕⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠼⠁⠓⠋⠛⠂⠀⠭⠀⠴⠀⠗⠑⠎⠕⠇⠧⠫
⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠍⠑⠑⠞⠬⠀⠷⠀⠀⠩⠜⠑⠓⠕⠇⠙⠻⠎⠂⠀⠓⠑⠇⠙⠀⠔⠀
⠠⠙⠑⠉⠑⠍⠃⠻⠀⠷⠀⠞⠀⠽⠑⠜⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠌⠁⠃⠇⠊⠩⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠝⠹⠇⠽⠀⠀
⠇⠔⠑⠀⠷⠀⠌⠑⠁⠍⠻⠎⠀⠋⠀⠠⠇⠊⠧⠻⠏⠕⠕⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠠⠺⠑⠌⠀⠠⠉⠕⠁⠌

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.