Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / The history of steam navigation / Braille

The history of steam navigation ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

609,754 braille cells · 644 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,452 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠃⠗⠊⠞⠊⠎⠓⠀⠎⠞⠑⠁⠍⠃⠕⠁⠞⠀⠶⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠁⠍⠑⠎⠀⠀
⠑⠭⠉⠑⠏⠞⠑⠙⠶⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠝⠛⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠙⠑⠑⠏⠀
⠎⠑⠁⠀⠞⠗⠊⠏⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀
⠎⠞⠑⠁⠍⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠁⠊⠇⠀⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠝⠕⠗⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠎⠉⠕⠞⠇⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠎⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠼⠁⠓⠁⠊⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠕⠇⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠍⠑⠝⠞
⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠠⠇⠑⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠠⠛⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠍⠕⠥⠞⠓⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠎⠑⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠁⠉⠉⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠠⠉⠇⠽⠙⠑⠀
⠎⠞⠑⠁⠍⠃⠕⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠗⠙⠂
⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠁⠋⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠀⠎⠞⠑⠁⠍⠤⠏⠁⠉⠅⠑⠞⠀⠠⠠⠗⠕⠞⠓⠑⠎⠁⠽
⠀⠠⠠⠉⠁⠎⠞⠇⠑⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠗⠃⠕⠥⠗⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠠⠞⠁⠗⠃⠑⠗⠞⠀⠀⠕⠝⠀⠓⠑⠗⠀⠗⠑⠞⠥⠗⠝⠀⠧⠕⠽⠁⠛⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠠⠊⠝⠧⠑⠗⠁⠗⠽⠂⠀⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠅⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠑⠋⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠥⠝⠅⠑⠝⠀⠀
⠗⠕⠉⠅⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠇⠇⠀⠓⠑⠗⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠝⠛⠑⠗⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠉⠥⠑⠙⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠋⠊⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠕⠁⠞⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠀⠇⠁⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠇⠥⠛⠛⠁⠛⠑⠲⠀⠠⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠕⠁⠞⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠙⠑⠎⠏⠁⠞⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠍⠁⠎⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠁⠗⠛⠽⠇⠑⠀⠶⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠇⠑⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠠⠊⠝⠧⠑⠗⠁⠗⠽⠀⠋⠕⠥⠗⠀⠀⠓⠕⠥⠗⠎⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠠⠗⠕⠞⠓⠑⠎⠁⠽⠀⠠⠠⠉⠁⠎⠞⠇⠑⠶⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠠⠞⠁⠗⠃⠑⠗⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠇⠽⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠊⠏⠺⠗⠑⠉⠅⠑⠙⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠝⠛⠑⠗⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠠⠗⠕⠞⠓⠑⠎⠁⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠝⠕⠉⠅⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠑⠁⠍⠑⠗⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.