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Elements of arithmetic ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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498,465 braille cells · 510 embossed pages at 40×25 · 10,650 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠋⠋⠊⠭⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠼⠙⠁⠋⠂⠀⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀
⠉⠊⠏⠓⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠋⠋⠊⠭⠑⠙⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠼⠙⠁⠋⠚⠚⠚⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠀⠃⠑⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠉⠊⠏⠓⠑⠗⠎⠀
⠁⠋⠋⠊⠭⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠼⠙⠁⠋⠚⠚⠚⠚⠚⠂⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠎⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠉⠊⠏⠓⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀
⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠑⠗⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠝⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠋⠋⠲⠀
⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋
⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠥⠎⠒⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠋⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠋⠀⠀⠼⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠋⠀⠀⠼⠋⠀⠀⠼⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠙⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠋⠀⠀⠼⠋⠀⠀⠼⠋⠀⠀⠼⠋⠀⠀⠋⠕⠥⠗⠞⠓⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠙⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠥⠎⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠟⠥⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠉⠥⠃⠑⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠉⠞⠀
⠝⠁⠍⠑⠎⠂⠀⠙⠑⠗⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠭⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠙⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠟⠥⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠥⠃⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠗⠽⠲⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠀
⠑⠭⠑⠗⠉⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠟⠥⠁⠗⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠉⠥⠃⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠙⠙⠛⠓⠙
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠁⠓⠉⠉⠚⠚⠙⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

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