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Elements of arithmetic ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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498,465 braille cells · 510 embossed pages at 40×25 · 10,650 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠼⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠥⠎⠂⠀
⠎⠊⠝⠉⠑⠀⠼⠓⠚⠀⠊⠎⠀⠼⠓⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠼⠁⠚⠂⠀⠼⠃⠑⠋⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀
⠼⠓⠚⠀⠊⠎⠀⠼⠃⠑⠋⠀⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠼⠓⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠼⠁⠚⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠺⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠎⠊⠛⠝⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠑⠛⠕⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠎⠎⠑⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑
⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠞⠓⠥⠎⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠛⠀⠀⠀⠼⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠛⠀⠀⠼⠙⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠛⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠀⠀⠼⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠑⠋⠀⠀⠼⠓⠚⠀⠀⠼⠃⠑⠋⠀
⠼⠓⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠀⠀⠼⠃⠑⠋⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠀⠀⠼⠓⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠑⠭⠑⠗⠉⠊⠎⠑⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠎⠓⠑⠺⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠼⠃⠀⠀⠼⠉⠀⠀⠼⠙⠀⠀⠼⠑⠀⠀⠼⠃⠀⠀⠼⠙⠀⠀⠼⠉⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠀⠀⠼⠑⠀⠀⠼⠙⠀⠀⠼⠃⠀⠀⠼⠉⠂⠀⠉⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠓⠑⠺⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠼⠁⠓
⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠀⠀⠼⠁⠓⠀⠀⠼⠑⠛⠀⠀⠼⠁⠓⠀⠀⠼⠙⠉⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠑⠋⠲⠀
⠠⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠎⠀⠶⠼⠑⠁⠶⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠶⠼⠑⠑⠶⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠁⠽⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠁⠃⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠀⠁⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠃⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠆⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠃⠉⠂⠀⠁
⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠃⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠉⠀
⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠃⠀⠀⠃⠁⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠃⠉⠀⠀⠁⠉⠃⠀⠀
⠃⠉⠁⠀⠀⠃⠁⠉⠂⠀⠉⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠃⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠶⠃⠉⠶⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠶⠉⠁⠶⠀
⠉⠀⠀⠶⠁⠃⠶⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠺⠑⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠽⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠃⠽⠀⠀⠃⠂⠀⠉⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠂⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠀⠃⠉⠙⠀⠁⠞⠀⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀
⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀
⠁⠀⠀⠃⠉⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠋⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.